Warlordism in Comparative Perspective

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 41-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly Marten
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Interest Group ◽  
International Security ◽  
Local Authority ◽  
Economic Interest ◽  
Republican China ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
Medieval Europe ◽  
Definition Of

Warlordism creates significant problems in failed states: it impedes the development of stable and secure societies, thwarts economic growth, and creates new threats to international security. Through a comparative study of four seemingly disparate cases—medieval Europe, Republican China, and Somalia and Afghanistan in the mid-2000s—it is possible to develop an inductive, generalizable definition of warlordism. Warlordism emerges when armed men seize small slices of territory in disintegrating states for their own benefit, using charisma and patronage ties to cement their local authority, and disrupting commerce and investment through their fragmentary rule. Two causal factors were necessary for the demise of warlordism in medieval Europe and Republican China: the presence of a powerful and aggrieved economic interest group, and the appearance of a transformative idea from outside the existing system that supported the interest group's actions. If this same causal relationship holds true today, then warlordism will be more quickly eliminated in Somalia than in Afghanistan. The international community can take action to help eliminate warlordism, but change ultimately depends on domestic factors and will likely be violent.

Central Otago - Built on gold, growing on grass.

2014 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
Barrie J. Wills
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Land Use ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
District Council ◽  
Definition Of

A warm welcome to our "World of Difference" to all delegates attending this conference - we hope your stay is enjoyable and that you will leave Central Otago with an enhanced appreciation of the diversity of land use and the resilient and growing economic potential that this region has to offer. Without regional wellbeing the national economy will struggle to grow, something Central Government finally seems to be realising, and the Central Otago District Council Long Term Plan 2012-2022 (LTP) signals the importance of establishing a productive economy for the local community which will aid in the economic growth of the district and seeks to create a thriving economy that will be attractive to business and residents alike. Two key principles that underpin the LTP are sustainability and affordability, with the definition of sustainability being "… development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs."

Approaches to the definition of territorial backwardness in the regional development management

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 60-73
Author(s):  
E. B. Veprikova ◽  
◽  
A. A. Kislenok ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Spatial Development ◽  
Territorial Development ◽  
Development Management ◽  
Gradual Process ◽  
Definition Of

Reducing the level of interregional differentiation is one of the problems in spatial development management according to the Spatial Development Strategy of the Russian Federation. Presence of significant regional imbalances hampers formation of a common economic, social, cultural, and institutional space and lead to a creation of backward territories which lag behind in the development. The focus of public policy measures on the centers of economic growth, with the concentration of financial and labor resources, without solving the problems of backward territories does not bring the expected effect – overall development and well-being. Local effects in the absence of positive changes in other territories result in the increase in imbalances, which limit the overall effectiveness of the public policy. At the same time, a steadily increasing lag may cause a loss of potential of economic growth and thus forms backward territories. The creation of territorial backwardness is a gradual process. Therefore, diagnosing the state of the territory and identifying the signs of increasing depression is an essential issue of public administration. The article presents the main approaches to the definition of territorial backwardness used in the Russia and overseas, it also reviews the determinants of backward territories. Different methods for identification of backwardness in the territorial development have been tested on the basis of the regions of the Russian Far East.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study between Pre-construction and Construction Phases of Champhai-Zokhawthar Road Construction, Mizoram: Air Quality and Noise Quality Assessments

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Lalven tluanga ◽  
◽  
H. Lalramnghinglova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Noise Level ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Suspended Particulate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Negative Impacts

In recent years, Mizoram has made immense progress in various sectors and initiated developmental programmes for its economic growth. An important contributing factor to this development and growth is the transport connectivity projects. Although connectivity projects can boost economic growth, its negative effects cannot be neglected. In view of this, the present research studies the impacts of Champhai – Zokhawthar road construction on the air quality and noise quality of the region. This comparative study of the impact on the quality of air and noise pollution in the pre-construction phase and construction phase provide a clear-cut example of the negative impacts caused by road construction and provide a fresh outlook for formulation of improved management plans. Air quality assessment was carried out using High Volume Air Sampler and the following parameters were monitored – suspended particulate matter (SPM), respirable suspended particulate matter (RSPM), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulphur dioxide (SO2). The results indicate that mean SPM concentration was increased by 22.82 µg/m3; RSPM concentration by 14.67 µg/m3; NO2 concentration by 4.08 µg/m3; and SO2 concentration was increased by 0.06 µg/m3 from the pre-construction phase to construction phase. Noise quality assessment was carried out at three sites – Zotlang, Melbuk and Zokhawthar by using Lutron SL-4001 Sound Level Meter and Leq, Lmax and Lmin were recorded and calculated. The mean noise level at Zotlang wasincreased by 8.72 dB (A) and at Melbuk the mean noise level was increased by 9.35 dB (A). However, at Zokhawthar, there was a decrease in mean noise level by 0.13 dB (A). From the present study, it is evident that road construction poses a threat to the air quality and noise quality of the study area and improved measuresneed to betaken to curb its negative impacts

scholarly journals Inference of Mulla Sadra's Ethical Views in the Four Realms of Meta-Ethics

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Mehran Seif-Farshad ◽  
Yousef Kheire ◽  
Seyyed Mohammad Amin Madayen
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Normative Ethics ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Ethical Philosophy ◽  
Fundamental Part ◽  
Intellectual System ◽  
Human Ethics ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Philosophical Questions ◽  
Transcendent Wisdom

Meta-ethics is an important and fundamental part of ethical philosophy. Normative ethics discusses the ethical criterion and definition of happiness and obligation; but Meta-ethics deals with its background. In other words, it puts ethical propositions into philosophical questions in terms of meaning, cognition, and truth. In the intellectual system of transcendent wisdom, metaphysical issues and sheer philosophy are studied in order to help human beings to develop and transcend. In fact, human ethics and transcendence along with theology are two main goals of transcendent wisdom. In this regard, it is important to understand Mulla Sadra's views on meta-ethics as well as to discover and deduce it among Mulla Sadra's philosophical views. While defining meta-ethics, explaining its domains and asking main questions about each of these domains, the method of comparative study is used in this paper in order to provide the most appropriate and consistent possible answers to questions in the realm of meta-ethics - based on Mulla Sadra's views on the originality of existence Substantial motion and Union of Intelligent and Intelligible and so on. 

scholarly journals Defence strategies of the smaller NATO states – a comparative study

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 023-045
Author(s):  
Lukáš Dyčka ◽  
Taivo Rõkk ◽  
Zdzisław Śliwa
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Small State ◽  
Level Of Details ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Defence Strategies ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
National Defence

Defence strategies of smaller NATO states represent interesting source of information about defence policies of this pool of countries. Definition of what constitutes "small state" is discussed in first step. In second step, this study compares 10 selected NATO countries Defence Strategies in terms of identified risks and threats, future military capabilities to counter threats, processes of drafting defence papers, level of details and approving authorities. Outlining these indicators and characteristics provide useful overview for future draft of National defence strategies within countries of similar size.

scholarly journals Classification of integration associations according to the degree of development of a single transport space

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-385
Author(s):  
Mikhail S Komov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Negative Growth

In modern conditions of development of integration processes in the world economy, special importance is attached to the transport sector. The formation of a single transport space (STS) in the regions creates additional opportunities for the economic development of the integrating countries. At the same time, the literature does not pay enough attention to the definition of the essence of the single transport space and the classification of integration associations according to the degree of its development. Therefore, there is a need to develop such a classification. The article substantiates the expediency of classification of integration associations according to the degree of development of a single transport space. The author's formal-logical classification is developed, which is based on three basic types of a single transport space: transport and logistics type provide a positive multiplier of integrated economic growth for all participating countries; innovative-logistic and customs-logistic types cause polarization in the action of the multiplier of integrated economic growth (in particular, both positive and negative growth rates of GDP values of the participating countries are possible); industrial and logistics type provide a zero multiplier of integrated economic growth for all participating countries. The conclusion is made about the possibility of unification and harmonization of transport space in the practice of integration associations on the basis of the developed classification.

Definition of mortality for trauma center performance evaluation: A comparative study*

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 2246-2252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynne Moore ◽  
Alexis F. Turgeon ◽  
Marcel Émond ◽  
Natalie Le Sage ◽  
André Lavoie
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Trauma Center ◽  
Definition Of
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