The Late Middle Kingdom (Thirteenth to Seventeenth Dynasties): The Chronological Framework

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Detlef Franke
Keyword(s):  
Historical Data ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Middle Kingdom ◽  
Intermediate Period ◽  
The Third ◽  
The North ◽  
Fourth Part ◽  
Short Time

AbstractThe article summarizes the state of the art in chronology of the late Middle Kingdom, which the author takes to also encompass the so-called Second Intermediate Period. Moving from the king-list of the Turin Royal Canon and from Kim Ryholt's investigation, the study focuses on the internal chronology of Dynasties 13–17 by drawing upon historical data from commemorative inscriptions and seals, with a strong attention to sources from Dynasties 13 and 16. Dynasty 13 is to be divided into two halves and four parts of different length: the second part marks the zenith of the period, the end of the third part corresponds to the beginning of the so-called Second Intermediate Period, while the end of the fourth part witnesses the dynastic shift from the North to Thebes. Ryholt's Upper-Egyptian “Abydos Dynasty” contemporary with the Theban 16th Dynasty, as well his idea of a short-time conquest of Thebes by the Hyksos are dismissed. The article ends with remarks on the sequence of kings during Dynasty 17 as well as a chronological table of the Middle Kingdom.

The Theban Kingdom of Dynasty 16: Its Rise, Administration and Politics

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Ilin-Tomich
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
New Kingdom ◽  
Local Power ◽  
Middle Kingdom ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Intermediate Period ◽  
Historical Texts ◽  
The North

This paper focuses on the emergence of the Theban kingdom of Dynasty 16 in the Second Intermediate Period and explores the historical repercussions of its assumed struggle with the declining state of Dynasty 13 centered at Itjtawy. A revision of the recent evidence from Edfu raises doubts about the alleged contemporaneity of Sobekhotep iv and Khayan. A survey of administrative titles in the sources pertaining to the Theban kingdom testifies that it arose independently based on the local power structures of the Late Middle Kingdom rather than because of a relocation from the north. The separation of the nascent Theban kingdom from the state of Dynasty 13 and a surmised consequent confrontation between these entities had an impact on the ideology of the new polity and influenced the policy of its direct successor—the state of Dynasty 17 and the early New Kingdom. The original lack of legitimacy of Dynasty 16 could have been one of the reasons for overstating the power of the Hyksos in historical texts—in order to justify Theban claims to rule in Middle and Lower Egypt.

Middle Kingdom tombs from the North Asasif cemetery: field seasons 2018/2019 and 2020

2020 ◽  
pp. 177-202
Author(s):  
Patryk Chudzik
Keyword(s):  
Middle Kingdom ◽  
Underground Structures ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Intermediate Period ◽  
The Third ◽  
Eastern Side ◽  
The North ◽  
Third Intermediate Period

The early Middle Kingdom mortuary complexes of Khety and Meru continued to be the main research target of the Polish Archaeological Mission to North Asasif in the two winter seasons of 2018/2019 and 2020. The rubble dump on the eastern side of Khety’s forecourt, left over from the 1922/1923 season, was now explored, leading to the discovery of hundreds of objects—fragments of wooden statues and models, cartonnages and coffins, shabti figurines and pottery—shedding light on the Middle Kingdom burial assemblages as well as the later usurpation of the tomb, mainly in the Third Intermediate Period. Conservation objectives included treatment of the decorated burial crypt and sarcophagus in the tomb of Meru and stabilization and cleaning of the plaster decoration in the mortuary cult chapel of Khety. The season in 2018/2019 was also devoted to a reconnaissance of the underground structures and protection of tomb MMA 507. Specialists studies of finds from the excavations, both recent and earlier, were continued.

Middle Kingdom tombs of Asasif: archaeological activities in 2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 289-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patryk Chudzik
Keyword(s):  
Late Period ◽  
Middle Kingdom ◽  
Intermediate Period ◽  
The Third ◽  
The North ◽  
Third Intermediate Period

Investigations in the North Asasif necropolis, conducted by a team of Polish archaeologists in 2015, focused on three Middle Kingdom complexes: MMA 508/TT 311, MMA 511, and MMA 517/TT 240. A surface collection of finds from the courtyards was studied and prepared for storage, and artifacts from inside the tombs were documented. The overall picture of illicit penetration of the complexes in later periods and their reuse, mainly in the Third Intermediate Period and the Late Period, is supported by the finds. Moreover, proof of the presence of Coptic monks was found in tomb MMA 517/TT 240.

Middle Kingdom tombs of Asasif – archaeological fieldwork in 2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patryk Chudzik
Keyword(s):  
Middle Kingdom ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Intermediate Period ◽  
The Third ◽  
The North ◽  
Third Intermediate Period ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Late Roman

The recent works in the 2017 season at the North Asasif Necropolis have led to the discovery of Middle Kingdom burial assemblages, as well as funerary equipment dated to the Third Intermediate Period. Besides the cleaning work conducted in the funerary complex of Meru revealed more materials from the Late Roman Era, which proves the existence of the coptic hermitage inside the tomb. This new archaeological evidence provides an important insight into the development of the North Asasif Necropolis during the Pharaonic era and in later periods. The fourth season of the archaeological fieldwork at the site focused on seven Middle Kingdom funerary complexes: tomb of Khety (TT 311), MMA 509, MMA 511, MMA 512, MMA 514, MMA 515 and tomb of Meru (TT 240).

The human remains from Tomb MMA 514 in North Asasif

2020 ◽  
pp. 203-218
Author(s):  
Roselyn A. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Human Remains ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Middle Kingdom ◽  
Intermediate Period ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
The Third ◽  
The North ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Third Intermediate Period

The tombs of the North Asasif Necropolis have been the subject of archaeological excavations for more than a century. Mainly dating to the Middle Kingdom, the majority of these tombs were excavated for the Metropolitan Museum by H.E. Winlock in the early 20th century. The Asasif Project, directed by Dr. Patryk Chudzik, has been revisiting these tombs since 2013. In many cases, Winlock left behind a significant amount of archaeological debris, including detritus from the tombs’ original use in the Middle Kingdom and material from the Third Intermediate Period, when many of these tombs were reused. One of these tombs, MMA 514, was reused at least twice, and has yielded a wealth of remaining material, including a significant number of human remains. The human remains have been fragmented, damaged, and scattered by centuries of looting, as well as by Winlock’s excavations, but some information may still be gathered from these remains. Over the course of two field seasons, an inventory of the human remains was conducted, the results of which are presented here. All age ranges are present in the human remains, and both males and females are represented.

Middle Kingdom tombs from Asasif: work in the 2015/2016 season

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patryk Chudzik
Keyword(s):  
Middle Kingdom ◽  
Intermediate Period ◽  
The Third ◽  
The North ◽  
Surface Survey ◽  
Third Intermediate Period

In the third season of the Polish Asasif Project at the North Asasif Necropolis in West Thebes archaeological fieldwork concentrated on six of the Middle Kingdom rock-cut tombs: MMA 508/TT 311, MMA 509, MMA 512, MMA 514, MMA 515 and MMA 517/TT 240. The corridors and chambers were cleared and the architecture documented and restored. A surface survey was carried out on the slope. Of greatest interest among the finds are Middle Kingdom stonemason’s tools and cartonnages from the Third Intermediate Period.

Health Informatics Education in the Third World

1989 ◽  
Vol 28 (04) ◽  
pp. 270-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Rienhoff
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Health Informatics ◽  
Third World ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Collaboration Network ◽  
Educational Tools ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Third World

Abstract:The state of the art is summarized showing many efforts but only few results which can serve as demonstration examples for developing countries. Education in health informatics in developing countries is still mainly dealing with the type of health informatics known from the industrialized world. Educational tools or curricula geared to the matter of development are rarely to be found. Some WHO activities suggest that it is time for a collaboration network to derive tools and curricula within the next decade.

scholarly journals Art Criticism and the State of Feminist Art Criticism

Arts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Katy Deepwell
Keyword(s):  
Women Artists ◽  
Art Criticism ◽  
The State ◽  
Art World ◽  
Feminist Art ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fourth Part ◽  
State Of Art ◽  
First Offers

This essay is in four parts. The first offers a critique of James Elkins and Michael Newman’s book The State of Art Criticism (Routledge, 2008) for what it tells us about art criticism in academia and journalism and feminism; the second considers how a gendered analysis measures the “state” of art and art criticism as a feminist intervention; and the third, how neo-liberal mis-readings of Linda Nochlin and Laura Mulvey in the art world represent feminism in ideas about “greatness” and the “gaze”, whilst avoiding feminist arguments about women artists or their work, particularly on “motherhood”. In the fourth part, against the limits of the first three, the state of feminist art criticism across the last fifty years is reconsidered by highlighting the plurality of feminisms in transnational, transgenerational and progressive alliances.

scholarly journals Lotniska komunikacyjne w Polsce po 1918 roku

2020 ◽  
Vol 147 (3) ◽  
pp. 569-596
Author(s):  
Janusz Kaliński
Keyword(s):  
Interwar Period ◽  
Third Republic ◽  
The State ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Fourfold Increase ◽  
Passenger Traffic ◽  
The Third ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
History Of

Communication airports in Poland after 1918 The history of communication airports coincides with the century-long existence of the reborn Polish State, because it was only after 1918 that the first airports adapted to passenger traffic were established in the country. Two periods of their development deserve particular attention: the interwar period, in which the communication aviation was born, and the time after 2004, when its rapid expansion was noted. The establishment and development of the communication aviation of the Second Polish Republic was strongly associated with the statist policy aimed at modernizing the state. This is evidenced by the construction of airports in Warsaw, Gdynia, Katowice, Łódź and Vilnius, whose activities have helped to integrate the country after the years of partitions. In People’s Poland, civilian communication was based on a network of military airports, which was supplemented with a new airport in Gdańsk-Rębiechów. Large areas of the north-eastern voivodeships were excluded from air connections and timid attempts to overcome these disproportions only appeared in the Third Republic of Poland in the form of airports in Lublin and Radom. The fourfold increase in the number of passengers served by Polish airports in 2004–2016 was an unquestionable phenomenon influenced by the Open Sky policy.

scholarly journals Polish Dialectal Phrasematics – the State of Research (for the Five-year Period 2015–2020), Methods and Perspectives

2021 ◽  
pp. 229-241
Author(s):  
Maciej Rak
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Research Trend ◽  
The Third ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
North And South

The article has three goals. The first is to present the history of research on Polish dialectal phrasematics. In particular, attention was paid to the last five years, i.e. the period 2015–2020. The works in question were ordered according to the dialectological key, taking into account the following dialects: Greater Polish, Masovian, Silesian, Lesser Polish, and the North and South-Eastern dialects. The second goal is to indicate the methodologies that have so far been used to describe dialectal phrasematics. Initially, component analysis was used, which was part of the structuralist research trend, later (more or less from the late 1980s) the ethnolinguistic approach, especially the description of the linguistic picture of the world, began to dominate. The third goal of the article is to provide perspectives. The author once again (as he did it in his earlier works) postulates the preparation of a dictionary of Polish dialectal phrasematics.

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