Role of the Sheath in Desiccation Tolerance of Two Entomopathogenic Nematodes

R. Gaugler; L. Rickert Campbell

doi:10.1163/187529291x00321

Nanopore-Sequencing Characterization of the Gut Microbiota of Melolontha melolontha Larvae: Contribution to Protection against Entomopathogenic Nematodes?

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10040396 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 396

Author(s):

Ewa Sajnaga ◽

Marcin Skowronek ◽

Agnieszka Kalwasińska ◽

Waldemar Kazimierczak ◽

Karolina Ferenc ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Antagonistic Activity ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Nanopore Sequencing ◽

Bacterial Phyla ◽

Melolontha Melolontha

This study focused on the potential relationships between midgut microbiota of the common cockchafer Melolontha melolontha larvae and their resistance to entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) infection. We investigated the bacterial community associated with control and unsusceptible EPN-exposed insects through nanopore sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were the most abundant bacterial phyla within the complex and variable midgut microbiota of the wild M. melolontha larvae. The core microbiota was found to include 82 genera, which accounted for 3.4% of the total number of identified genera. The EPN-resistant larvae differed significantly from the control ones in the abundance of many genera belonging to the Actinomycetales, Rhizobiales, and Clostridiales orders. Additionally, the analysis of the microbiome networks revealed different sets of keystone midgut bacterial genera between these two groups of insects, indicating differences in the mutual interactions between bacteria. Finally, we detected Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus as gut residents and various bacterial species exhibiting antagonistic activity against these entomopathogens. This study paves the way to further research aimed at unravelling the role of the host gut microbiota on the output of EPN infection, which may contribute to enhancement of the efficiency of nematodes used in eco-friendly pest management.

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Role of Intrinsic Disorder in Animal Desiccation Tolerance

PROTEOMICS ◽

10.1002/pmic.201800067 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (21-22) ◽

pp. 1800067 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Brett Janis ◽

Clinton Belott ◽

Michael A. Menze

Keyword(s):

Desiccation Tolerance ◽

Intrinsic Disorder

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The role of peltate scales in desiccation tolerance of Pleopeltis polypodioides

Planta ◽

10.1007/s00425-016-2631-2 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 245 (1) ◽

pp. 207-220 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Susan P. John ◽

Karl H. Hasenstein

Keyword(s):

Desiccation Tolerance

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Entomopathogenic nematodes: can we use the current knowledge on belowground multitrophic interactions in future plant protection programmes? – Review

Plant Protection Science ◽

10.17221/24/2019-pps ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 55 (No. 4) ◽

pp. 242-253 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Anamarija Jagodič ◽

Stanislav Trdan ◽

Žiga Laznik

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Multitrophic Interactions ◽

Herbivore Attack ◽

Below Ground ◽

Chemical Stimuli

Plants under herbivore attack emit mixtures of volatiles that can attract the natural enemies of the herbivores. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are organisms that can be used in the biological control of insect pests. Recent studies have shown that the movement of EPNs is associated with the detection of chemical stimuli from the environment. To date, several compounds that are responsible for the mediation in below ground multitrophic interactions have been identified. In the review, we discuss the use of EPNs in agriculture, the role of belowground volatiles and their use in plant protection programmes.

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Desiccation tolerance in developing soybean seeds: The role of stress proteins

Physiologia Plantarum ◽

10.1111/j.1399-3054.1995.tb05110.x ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 93 (4) ◽

pp. 630-638 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

S. A. Blackman ◽

R. L. Obendorf ◽

A. C. Leopold

Keyword(s):

Desiccation Tolerance ◽

Stress Proteins ◽

Soybean Seeds

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The role of root architecture in foraging behavior of entomopathogenic nematodes

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology ◽

10.1016/j.jip.2014.08.002 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 122 ◽

pp. 32-39 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Lanila Demarta ◽

Bruce E. Hibbard ◽

Martin O. Bohn ◽

Ivan Hiltpold

Keyword(s):

Foraging Behavior ◽

Root Architecture ◽

Entomopathogenic Nematodes

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Desiccation tolerance of dauers of entomopathogenic nematodes of the genus Steinernema

Nematology ◽

10.1163/15685411-00002692 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 451-458 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Prakaijan Nimkingrat ◽

Felix Uhlmann ◽

Olaf Strauch ◽

Ralf-Udo Ehlers

Keyword(s):

Water Activity ◽

Desiccation Tolerance ◽

Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽

Fungal Growth ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Energy Reserves ◽

Poly Ethylene Glycol ◽

Tolerant Species ◽

Poly Ethylene

For transport of entomopathogenic nematodes to the user, developmentally arrested dauer juveniles (DJ) are mixed with inert carriers at high density. If quiescence is not induced, DJ will quickly lose energy reserves and die. To induce quiescence DJ can be moderately desiccated. This study investigated the desiccation tolerance by measurement of water activity (-value) tolerated by 50% of populations (WA50) of different Steinernema species and strains. DJ were tested with or without prior adaptation to desiccation stress. Stress conditions were produced by exposure to various concentrations of poly(ethylene glycol) 600. Significant differences in desiccation tolerance were recorded between strains and species, but, except for Steinernema abbasi, not within strains of one species. Without adaptation to stress conditions, the most tolerant species was S. carpocapsae (WA50 = 0.836) followed by S. abbasi (0.86). Adaption to stress by exposure to an -value of 0.95 for 48 h increased tolerance to 0.68 and 0.66, respectively. The least tolerant species were S. kraussei, S. glaseri and S. ethiopiense. Tolerance recorded would allow storage at a water activity that would inhibit growth of bacteria but not of fungi. Analysis of water activity tolerated by only 10% of the population indicated potential for genetic improvement by selective breeding for S. carpocapsae, S. abbasi and S. arenarium to reach water activity levels that would also inhibit fungal growth.

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