Evaluating Peace Operations: The Case of Cambodia

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 226-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeni Whalan
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Peace Operations ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Social ◽  
Series Evaluation ◽  
Regular Measurement ◽  
High Utility ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Partial Success

This article applies Diehl and Druckman’s evaluative framework to the case of the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC, 1992-1993), finding it to be of high utility in analyzing the record of this operation. By directing the analyst to evaluate discreet objectives within three goal categories, Diehl and Druckman encourage the disaggregated evaluation that, I argue, holds most value for scholars and practitioners seeking to explain the outcomes of peace operations. In particular, this approach requires that the underlying purposes and normative agendas that always color evaluation be explicitly addressed. The article finds that UNTAC was a partial success and, more importantly, suggests a number of refinements to strengthen Diehl and Druckman’s framework. First, it recommends greater analysis of the relationship between a peace operation’s roles of action and reaction. Second, the case of UNTAC demonstrates the need for time-series evaluation to be based on sufficiently regular measurement if it is to capture very short-term patterns of conflict, such as wet- and dry-season violence cycles. Finally, the article questions the appropriateness of including ‘good relations with the local population’ as a dependent variable to be evaluated, recommending instead that such outcomes be considered by assessing the social costs of peace operations to host societies.

scholarly journals Relationship between daily suicide counts and temperature in England and Wales

2007 ◽  
Vol 191 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa A. Page ◽  
Shakoor Hajat ◽  
R. Sari Kovats
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuation ◽  
Daily Temperature ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Time Series Regression ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Hot Weather ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundSeasonal fluctuation in suicide has been observed in many populations. High temperature may contribute to this, but the effect of short-term fluctuations in temperature on suicide rates has not been studied.AimsTo assess the relationship between daily temperature and daily suicide counts in England and Wales between 1 January 1993 and 31 December 2003 and to establish whether heatwaves are associated with increased mortality from suicide.MethodTime-series regression analysis was used to explore and quantify the relationship between daily suicide counts and daily temperature. The impact of two heatwaves on suicide was estimated.ResultsNo spring or summer peak in suicide was found. Above 18 °, each 1 ° increase in mean temperature was associated with a 3.8 and 5.0% rise in suicide and violent suicide respectively. Suicide increased by 46.9% during the 1995 heatwave, whereas no change was seen during the 2003 heat wave.ConclusionsThere is increased risk of suicide during hot weather.

Undergraduate Rehabilitation Accreditation as a Tool in the Social Justice Movement

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-333
Author(s):  
Penny Pears Willmering
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Professional Identity ◽  
Curriculum Standards ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Curriculum ◽  
Financial Challenges ◽  
The Relationship

Accreditation of undergraduate rehabilitation education (URE) programs is a tool to further the cause of social justice. In addition to supporting this statement, this article explores the relationship between URE, accreditation curriculum, and the training of graduates to facilitate justice for all members of society. The social justice struggle for accreditation equity for URE is reviewed, as well as continued threats to accreditation, and the need for consistent professional identity and nomenclature. The new accreditation curriculum standards and their attention to social justice concepts is discussed. Accreditation advantages and disadvantages as they relate to justice are offered. Advantages include the strength of consistency of curriculum, while disadvantages involve leaning toward homogenization of the course of study, and a threat of return to a paternalistic view of consumers. In addition, financial challenges presented by the pandemic to URE programs is discussed, along with a strategy to address those issues. An analysis of advantages and disadvantages to accreditation as it relates to social justice and consumers reveals that benefits far outweigh potential issues. Further, short-term and long-term strategies to address threats to accreditation, challenges to consistent names for the profession, its graduates and professional scope, and a stratagem to address nomenclature is offered. Finally, strategies to strengthen the new curriculum to reflect current day understanding of social justice are presented. The country has awakened to social justice issues, and is time that intentional curriculum, driven by accreditation, trains graduates to become social justice advocates and allies.

A Star Is Born: The Relationship Between Performance and Achieving Status Through Certification Contests in the Context of Equity Analysts

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Taeha Paik ◽  
Timothy G. Pollock ◽  
Steven Boivie ◽  
Donald Lange ◽  
Peggy M. Lee
Keyword(s):  
High Status ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Equity Analysts ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Status Position ◽  
Over Time

We investigate how the relationship between status and performance decouples over time by addressing two questions: (1) how performance affects the likelihood that an actor achieves high status and (2) how achieving high status affects the actor’s subsequent performance. In doing so, we focus on the role repeated certification contests play, where evaluators assess actors’ performance along particular dimensions and confer high status on the contest winners. Using the context of sell-side (brokerage) equity analysts and the “All-Star” list from Institutional Investor magazine, we first investigate whether analysts who make the All-Star list are more likely to produce accurate and/or independent forecasts. Then, we investigate analyst performance after recent and multiple wins. Our results demonstrate the decoupling of status and performance over time and the roles played by both the high-status actor and the social evaluators conferring their status. Whereas analyst performance increases the likelihood of being designated an All-Star, recent and multiple All-Star designations differentially affect both how subsequent performance is assessed, and how the All-Star analysts subsequently perform. In the short term, achieving high status can increase performance and solidify an analyst’s status position; however, in the long term, it can lead to lower performance and eventually result in status loss, which further erodes performance.

Social Support and Success at Stopping Smoking

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia May ◽  
Robert West ◽  
Peter Hajek ◽  
Andy McEwen ◽  
Hayden McRobbie
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Treatment Program ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis article characterises the social support received by a large sample of smokers attempting to stop and the relationship between this and the outcome of their attempt. A survey was conducted of 928 smokers attending a group-based program. Smoking among colleagues and a perception of having someone to turn to predicted outcome at the end of treatment, 4 weeks from the quit date (Odds ratio [OR] = 0.81, p = .008 and OR = 1.31, p = .003 respectively) Among those who abstained for the first week, smoking among colleagues and the frequency with which they had been offered cigarettes predicted outcome at the end of treatment (OR = 0.81, p = .04 and OR = 0.73, p = .01 respectively). There were no significant social support correlates of cessation for 26 weeks. Social support has a role to play in the short-term, but in the context of a group-based treatment program appears not to be related to long-term success.

scholarly journals Corruption and Economic Growth in Nigeria (1980-2013)

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim W ◽  
Okunade A Sheu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Party Affiliation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Political Will ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship

Corruption is as aged as the existence of man and it exists in all sphere of human life. The  persistency  of  corruption  erodes  the  social  economic  value  of  a  nation. The study investigates the relationship between corruption and economic growth in Nigeria, in the period 1980-2013, using the VAR analysis. The study finds the existence of long-term relationship between corruption and unemployment growth on the economic growth of Nigeria. Also, the study found no short-term relationship in corruption and unemployment on economic growth. Hence, the result in the analysis shows that corruption positively has a strong influence on the output of Nigeria. So the rise in growth rate experienced in Nigeria is influenced by high corruption rate in the country, which is making the few rich to be richer, eradicating the middle class and making the poor to be poorer. Therefore, there is a need to develop political will to prosecute anyone found guilty of corruption irrespective of their position, tribe, religion or party affiliation. Such a punishment would also serve as a deterrent to others and help improve real economic growth and development.

scholarly journals Short-Term Effects of Imprisonment Length on Recidivism in the Netherlands

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 1057-1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilde Wermink ◽  
Paul Nieuwbeerta ◽  
Anke A. T. Ramakers ◽  
Jan W. de Keijser ◽  
Anja J. E. Dirkzwager
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Nationwide Study ◽  
Null Effect ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship

This article assesses the relationship between imprisonment length and recidivism. The data come from a unique longitudinal and nationwide study of Dutch prisoners, serving an average of 4.1 months of confinement ( N = 1,467). A propensity score methodology is used to examine the dose–response relationship for three types of registered recidivism (i.e., reoffending, reconviction, and reincarceration) within a 6-month follow-up period. Findings indicate that length of imprisonment exerts an overall null effect on future rates of recidivism and that this conclusion holds across the various types of recidivism. These findings contribute to continuing scholarly debates over the social and economic costs of imprisonment.

scholarly journals Economic Relationships Between Selling and Rental Prices in the Italian Housing Market

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 78-83
Author(s):  
Pierluigi Morano ◽  
Benedetto Manganelli ◽  
Francesco Tajani
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Housing Market ◽  
Real Estate Market ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Multiple Time Series ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Macroeconomic Variables ◽  
Economic Relationships ◽  
The Relationship

In this paper the relationship between price and rent dynamics in the Italian housing market is studied. The aim is reached through the implementation of a multivariate autoregressive model (VAR), that makes it possible to explain the interdependencies of multiple time series. The analysis considers a series of macroeconomic variables in the model that in the deductive interpretation of the phenomenon and on the basis of other experiences in current literature, were evaluated as potential keys to understanding the relationship between prices and rents. The variables selected, along with residential realestate prices and real residential rents, were: the real short term interest rate, the time series of the annual differences between the actual and the expected Gross Domestic Product, real investments in housing. The data series cover the period from 1980 to 2008. The results obtained show some peculiarities of the Italian real estate market.

scholarly journals Multiple narratives of il/legality and im/morality: The case of small-scale hashish harvesting in Kyrgyzstan

2019 ◽  
pp. 136248061988034
Author(s):  
Gulzat Botoeva
Keyword(s):  
Current Literature ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Moral Economy ◽  
Legal Pluralism ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Spiritual Power ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study is to contribute to the current literature concerning the social acceptance of illegal practices. Using legal pluralism as a general framework of analysis, this study discusses the relationship between state law and alternative perspectives concerning its legitimacy. It presents the experience of people involved in hashish harvesting in one of the regions of Kyrgyzstan, how the state defines it as an ‘illegal practice’ and how the local population subsequently invokes normative systems based on local spiritual knowledge and the local moral economy of hashish production. It argues that acceptance of hashish harvesting as a legitimate means of support is not a straightforward process. Despite the predominant legitimating narrative of hashish harvesting, it enters into a conversation with state defined notions of ‘illegality’ and is also shaped by the customary understanding of the spiritual power of cannabis plants that requires caution when making hashish.

scholarly journals Temperature dependence of reportedCampylobacterinfection in England, 1989–1999

2005 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. TAM ◽  
L. C. RODRIGUES ◽  
S. J. O'BRIEN ◽  
S. HAJAT
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Trend ◽  
The Relationship

SUMMARYCampylobacteris the most common bacterial cause of gastroenteritis in England and Wales, with 45 000 cases reported annually.Campylobacterincidence is highly seasonal; the consistent peak in late spring suggests a role for meteorological factors in the epidemiology of this organism. We investigated the relationship between ambient temperature andCampylobacterenteritis using time-series analysis to study short-term associations between temperature and number ofCampylobacterreports adjusted for longer-term trend and seasonal patterns. We found a linear relationship between mean weekly temperature and reportedCampylobacterenteritis, with a 1°C rise corresponding to a 5% increase in the number of reports up to a threshold of 14°C. There was no relationship outside this temperature range. Our findings provide evidence that ambient temperature influencesCampylobacterincidence, and suggest that its effect is likely to be indirect, acting through other intermediate pathways.

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