Seed Micromorphology of Eleven Species of Pleione (Orchidaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 528 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-239
Author(s):  
ZHONGXUAN WANG ◽  
HAO ZHANG ◽  
SI QIN ◽  
LE YOU ◽  
JUNWEN ZHAI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Seed Length ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Seed Micromorphology ◽  
Seed Width

The micromorphological characteristics of the seeds of 11 species of Pleione have been studied, both qualitatively and quantitatively, to establish whether they are useful for systematic studies of the genus. The quantitative characteristics include seed length (0.237–0.626 μm), seed width (0.053–0.133 μm), seed length/width ratio (2.631–7.279), seed ridge thickness (1.4 E-3–4 E-3μm) and seed volume (1.88 E-4–3.06 E-3 μm3). The cluster analysis result agrees well with the results of previous systematic studies. The cluster analysis shows that: P. coronaria, P. forrestii and P. yunnanensis form a group, while the remaining eight species form a second group, with three subgroups, namely: P. limprichtii, P. pleionoides, P. formosana as group I; P. hookeriana and P. bulbocodioides as group II; and P. praecox, P. scopulorum and P. maculata for group III. All the Pleione species of Sect. Pleione and Sect. Humiles show the fusion of adjacent seed coat cells into a network. The shape of the seeds of P. praecox and P. maculata are very similar--being oval, and the mesh walls of their adjacent seed coat cells are not fused. Within these sections no clear pattern can be seen between the species, but the addition of further species might clarify the differences between Sect. Pleione and Sect. Humiles.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Traits Associated With Seed Characteristics in Arkansas Restorer Lines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozgur Azapoglu ◽  
Vibha Srivast ◽  
Xueyan Sha ◽  
Ehsan Shakiba
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
University Of Arkansas ◽  
Qtl Detection ◽  
Seed Shape ◽  
Seed Length ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Seed Width ◽  
Seed Characteristics

Abstract Rice Grain dimension and weight are two critical factors for marketing and increasing yield capacity. Seed shape is measured by its length, width, thickness, and ratio of length-width. In this study, an experiment was conducted in a controlled condition from fall 2017 to 2020 to identify QTL and candidate genes associated with seed dimension and weight using a bi-parental population resulting from two University of Arkansas developed genotypes: a restorer line 367R and an advanced breeding line RU1501139, in Stuttgart, Arkansas. Five seed dimension traits, including seed length, seed width, seed thickness, seed length-width ratio, and 100-seeds weight, were obtained for QTL detection. The study detected a total of 17 QTL. Four QTL associated with seed length were identified, in which two were positioned on chr. 3, one on chr. 7, and one on chr. 11. Two QTL related to seed length-width ratio were detected on chr. 3 and 7. Whereas a total of three QTL were identified for seed thickness, one each on chr. 5, 6, and 8. Eight QTL associated with seed weight were found, of which four QTL were detected on chr. 12, two each on chr. 1 and 10, and one on chr. 3. Of 17 QTL, four QTL originated from RU1501139, while the origin of the other 13 QTL was 367R. Since multiple genes could control the yield and seed physical characteristics, the detected QTL can play a role in introducing superior parental lines for developing conventional and hybrid rice production.

scholarly journals Variability of Phytochemicals by Breeding Year, Usage and Seed Size of Korean Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) Varieties

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Tae-Young Hwang ◽  
Byoung-Deok Park ◽  
Jwakyung Sung ◽  
Hong-Sig Kim
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Main Components ◽  
High Level ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
100 Seed Weight

The interest in phytochemicals from crops has grown in recent years, with soybean, as a functional crop, having great potential for providing a high level of nutrition. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate phytochemicals from Korean soybean varieties, and to provide the basic information necessary for targeted breeding of soybean. The seeds of 172 soybean varieties were collected from various domestic institutes, and their phytochemicals were analyzed and compared based on agronomic characteristics (color, size, usage, etc.) using cluster analysis. We found that the soybean varieties contained relatively higher levels of the following phytochemicals: lutein (3 var., >7.0 μg g−1 seed), tocopherols (26 var., >300 μg g−1 seed), and phytosterols (33 var., >1000 μg g−1 seed). Overall, phytochemical levels were higher in varieties released since 2000 and with small-sized seeds (<12 g, 100-seed weight). The distribution of phytochemicals varied according to the usage (cooking, sauce, sprouts, etc.), even though the highest levels of each phytochemical were mainly observed in sprouts. The cluster analysis using three main components classified the varieties into five groups. Of them, group III showed relatively higher tocopherols, group IV had relatively higher lutein, and group I had relatively higher phytosterols. Jonam and Manpoong (group I) were observed in varieties high in phytochemicals. Overall, some Korean soybean varieties were found to have relatively higher levels of phytochemicals compared to those reported in previous studies of other origins. In conclusion, our findings suggest that some varieties might provide suitable breeding material for target-centered improvement of soybean varieties, and a comparison between different origins is necessary for providing better knowledge for soybean breeding.

scholarly journals Diet induced ruminal papillae development in neonatal calves not correlating with rumen butyrate

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 472-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Zitnan ◽  
S. Kuhla ◽  
P. Sanftleben ◽  
A. Bilska ◽  
F. Schneider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maize Silage ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Molar Proportion ◽  
Group I ◽  
Solid Diet ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Neonatal Calves ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Milk Replacers

The objective of this study was to investigate the development of rumen mucosa and the level of plasma IGF-1 in calves induced by different amounts and types of milk replacers and solid diet. Forty-five male Holsteincalves 7 days of age were assigned to three groups: group I milk free replacer, late weaned; group II milk free replacer, early weaned, and group III milk replacer, early weaned. All animals received additional concentrate, water and maize silage were offered ad libitum. In each group, three calves were slaughtered at 41 days of age. The concentration of ruminal total SCFA and the molar proportion of butyrate did not differ between the groups, but the molar proportion of acetate was lower (P = 0.01) and the proportion of propionate was higher (P = 0.02) in early weaned calves. Compared to the late weaned calves (group I) the length, width and surface of the papillae of atrium ruminis, the length and width of the papillae of ventral ruminal sac and the length of the papillae of ventral blind sac were greater (P &lt; 0.05) in the early weaned calves fed low amounts of milk and high amounts of concentrate (group III). Furthermore, there was a tendency of plasma IGF-1 concentration to be increased (P&nbsp;= 0.1) in early weaned calves. The plasma levels of glucose and insulin were decreased (P &lt; 0.01, and P = 0.03, respectively). Positive correlations existed between papillae length and plasma IGF-1 concentrations (P &lt; 0.10). Insulin and glucose concentrations were negatively correlated with parameters of papillae development (P &lt; 0.1). In conclusion, the development of rumen papillae was stimulated in calves consuming increased amounts of concentrate. The effect was not correlated with the molar proportion of butyrate, but with the molar propionate proportion in the rumen and with the plasma IGF-1 concentration

Prenatal gross morphometrical studies on spleen with special reference to prediction of foetal age in Surti goat (Capra hircus)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shailendra Chaurasia ◽  
R. Menaka ◽  
Thakur Krishna Shankar Rao ◽  
K.K. Tyagi
Keyword(s):  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Prediction Equation ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Length Width

A study was conducted to elucidate the topographic location and morphometry of the spleen in 30 Surti goat foetuses at different stages of their development ranging from 44 to 144 days (4.0 to 41.0 cm CRL). On the basis of CR length, the foetuses were divided into three age groups viz., group-I (4.0 to 11.6 cm CRL), group-II (12.2 to 26.8 cm CRL) and group-III (27.2 to 41.0 cm CRL). Special attempt has been made to fit prediction equation (stepwise regression) for estimation of approximate age of Surti goat foetuses by using splenic biometrics. The developing spleen was observed at the age of 44 days (4.0 cm CRL) in abdominal cavity close to the stomach. The shape of spleen was roughly quadrilateral in all age groups. The various spleen measurements viz., length, width, thickness, volume and weight increases in dimensions during different stages of development and all the changes were highly significant (P less than 0.01). The mean relative weight of spleen was maximum (0.15%) in group-III. Among splenic parameters, the length of spleen was found most important variable; which could be used for estimation of age using stepwise regression (R2 = 0.97) model in Surti goat foetuses.

scholarly journals VARIABILITY OF SOME BROOMRAPE POPULATIONS FROM CHINA. MORPHOMETRY AND RACE IDENTIFICATION (I)

Akademos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-50
Author(s):  
Maria Duca ◽  
◽  
Ana Mutu ◽  
Ina Bivol ◽  
Steliana Clapco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Seed Length ◽  
Interpopulation Variability ◽  
Pearson Coefficient ◽  
Variability Level ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Biometric Indices

The article is a synthesis of some studies on the identification of broomrape races originating from China and the determination of the level of intra- and interpopulation variability based on the morphometric parameters of the seeds. The racial status of the analyzed populations was established, also two races of broomrape were identified: race G (Ch1 from Inner Mongolia and Ch3 from HeBei) and race H (Ch2 from Inner Mongolia) using internationally recognized differential Or homosygous lines set. Comparative analyses on the morphometric characteristics of broomrape revealed significant differences in seed Length (Ch1 and Ch3 populations, race G) and Length/width ratio (Ch3 and Ch4), which is an indication of the moderate level of interpopulation variability. In the case of assess of the intrapopulation variability level, the relatively homogeneous (Ch2, Ch3 and Ch4) and relatively heterogeneous (Ch1) populations were identified. According to the coefficient of variation, the population Ch2 identified as H broomrape race has distinguished as the most homogeneous for the investigated biometric indices of the seeds. The moderate positive correlations (between Length and width seed, between seed length and L/w ratio), the strong positive correlations (between Length and L/w ratio) and also the strong negative correlations (between width and L/w ratio) were established. The results obtained through Pearson coefficient revealed the discrimination of populations by region.

Gross Morphometric Study on Postnatal Development of Adrenal Gland in Gohilwadi Goat (Capra Hircus)

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishnudeo Kumar ◽  
Anil Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Biometric Parameters ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Left And Right

A study was conducted on the adrenal gland of 20 Gohilwadi goats (Capra hircus), age ranging from day old to adult. Animals were divided in three age groups, viz., group-I (day old to 1 month), group-II (1 to 6 months) and group-III (above 6 months). The different gross and biometric parameters, viz., weight, length, width and thickness of both left and right adrenal gland were recorded. The left adrenal gland was roughly oval elongated and right was roughly triangular in shape in all the age groups. Different biometric parameters of adrenal gland increased significantly (P less than 0.05) from group I to group III. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in various gross and biometric observations between left and right adrenal gland within the same group.

scholarly journals Age-Related Changes in the Gross Morphology and Morphometry of the Testis and Epididymis of the African Greater Cane Rat (Thryonomys swinderianus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1015-1019
Author(s):  
Jamiu Oyewole Omirinde ◽  
Samuel Gbadebo Olukole ◽  
Bankole Olusiji Oke
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Group I ◽  
Greater Cane Rat ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Morphology And Morphometry ◽  
Age Related Changes

This study evaluated age-related changes in the gross morphology and morphometry of the testis and epididymis of the African Greater Cane Rat (AGCR). Twenty pathogen-free cane rats used for this study were randomly divided into 4 groups; Group I - prepubertal (≤4 months), Group II - pubertal (>4≤12 months), Group III - adult (>12≤30 months), and Group IV - aged (>30 months) of 5 animals each. On day 8th of acclimatization, testis and epididymis were harvested from sedated cane rat, described grossly and standard morphometric parameters (length, width, circumference, weight, and relative weight) determined. Gross morphological observations in the testes of all the different age categories showed similar characteristically cream to milky-white coloration and ellipsoidal shape. The epididymis in the different AGCR group uniquely presents the same inverted S-shaped outline, loose attachment to the testis, and less distinct division into caput, corpus, and cauda segments. Testicular and epididymal morphometric parameters were significantly reduced in the prepubertal cane rat relative to other groups. The parameters consistently displayed an age-dependent increment with the advancing age of the animal. In conclusion, this study has shown that both testicular and epididymal gross morphometrics increase with age advancement and perhaps might be linked to the varying functional reproductive status of the different age groups of the African greater cane rat.

scholarly journals Morphological Seed Characterization of Common (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) and Runner (Phaseolus coccineusL.) Bean Germplasm: A Slovenian Gene Bank Example

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lovro Sinkovič ◽  
Barbara Pipan ◽  
Eva Sinkovič ◽  
Vladimir Meglič
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Gene Bank ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Seed Colour ◽  
Seed Shape ◽  
Seed Length ◽  
Runner Bean ◽  
Seed Width ◽  
Seed Characteristics

Genetic resources comprised of 953 accessions of common (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) and 47 accessions of runner (Phaseolus coccineusL.) bean from the national Slovene gene bank were characterized using fourteen morphological seed descriptors. Seeds of each accession were evaluated for six quantitative characteristics: seed length, seed thickness, seed width, seed length/width ratio, seed width/thickness ratio, and 100 or 10 seed weight. Furthermore, seeds were evaluated using eight qualitative characteristics: seed colour; number of seed colours; primary/main seed colour; predominant secondary seed colour; distribution of secondary seed colour; seed veining; seed shape; and seed colour (primary and secondary) and coat pattern. For each, common, and runner bean collection, first four components within principal component analysis explained 75.03% and 80.16% of morphological variability, respectively. Regarding Ward’s method and squared Euclidian distance, three clusters with the most distinct characteristics were established for each species. The results of morphological seed characterization indicate the origin (Andean, Mesoamerican, putative hybrids between gene pools) and domestication pathways of common and runner bean. This is the first study describing morphological seed characteristics of the entire common and runner bean germplasm conserved in one of the Central European bean collections. The results obtained in this study are serving as the useful information on genetic diversity of common and runner bean accessions at the Slovene gene bank, which could be used for development of new bean varieties for studied seed characteristics.

scholarly journals Quantitative characteristics of fruits and seeds of Pouteria pachycarpa Pires - Sapotaceae

2005 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eniel David Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Seed Color ◽  
Seed Length ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Fruit Mass ◽  
Yellowish Orange

Pouteria pachycarpa is a tree species, found in the Brazilian Amazon and Bolivia whose wood has been exploited from the native forest. The present research describes the quantitative characteristics of fruits and seeds and quantifies the seed germination of this species. The fruit and seed color were characterized and measurements taken of the mass, length, diameter and number of seeds per fruit, the seed length, width and thickness, the germination percentage, abnormal seedlings and dead seeds. Sowing was carried out on a substrate containing sand and sawdust (1:1), in four replications of 50 seeds. The predominant fruit and seed colors were vivid yellowish orange (9YR) and dark grayish brown (6YR), respectively. Fruit mass, length and diameter ranged from 37.7 to 192.4g, 41.3 to 87.3mm and 39.7 to 71.7mm, respectively. Fruits had from two to seven seeds, and 42.6% were damaged by insects. Seed length, width and thickness ranged from 22.4 to 35.2mm, 9.7 to 15.5mm and 5.5 to 10.8mm, respectively. Seedling emergence began 18 days after sowing. Maximum germination, 86%, was recorded 33 days after sowing. The germination curve was sigmoid, similar to the majority of species. The percentage of abnormal seedlings and dead seeds were 3% and 11%, respectively. Both fruits and seeds show great variation in quantitative characteristics and the germination is slow and non-uniform.

scholarly journals RONTGEN-MORPHOMETRIC DATA TO THE CORRELATION OF THE PHALANXES LENGTH WITH A LENGTH OF HUMAN HANDS FINGERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Aleksandr S. Ermolenko
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Forensic Practice ◽  
Group I ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics ◽  
Quantitative Indicators ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Distal Direction

Data on the anatomical variability of the phalanges and fingers of the hand are needed to expand biometric databases in robotics, prosthetics, and forensic medicine. The aim of the study was to study the X-ray morphometric variability of the length of individual phalanges of the fingers of the hand, their relationship with the length of the fingers. By the method of morphometry, the lengths of individual phalanges and fingers of the hands were determined on 100 certified radiographs of the hands of persons of the second mature age (50 men and 50 women), and a correlation was established between the length of the phalanges and fingers. To identify the statistical relationship between quantitative characteristics, the parametric Pearson correlation coefficient was used. The relationship between quantitative indicators was assessed using multiple regression analysis. Classification and grouping were carried out using cluster analysis by the complete connection method, the Euclidean distance served as a measure of the relationship. The variability in the length of the phalanges and fingers increases towards the ulnar edge. The X-ray morphometric length of individual phalanges and fingers is characterized, regardless of gender, by regular formulas of variability: the length of the proximal phalanges is III>IV>II>V>I, the length of the middle phalanges is III>IV>II>V, the length of the distal phalanges is I>IV> III>II>V, finger length - III>IV>II>V>I. The degree of dependence of the length of the fingers on the length of the phalanges in both men and women decreases in the distal direction in the longitudinal axis and the ulnar edge in the transverse axis of the hand. As a result of cluster analysis, the organization of the objects of study was established depending on the degree of correlations of their length: groups of proximal phalanges of II-IV and I, V fingers, groups of middle phalanges of III-IV and II-V fingers, distal phalanges and fingers are organized somewhat more complexly - groups III -IV, II, V fingers and group I fingers. The data obtained can be used in the development of innovative anatomically grounded anthropomorphic robotic manipulators, in anthropological reconstructions, and in identification in forensic practice.

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