The state of the art of Chromadoridae (Nematoda, Chromadorida): a historical review, diagnoses and comments about valid and dubious genera and a list of valid species

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4578 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
VIRAG VENEKEY ◽  
PAULA F. GHELLER ◽  
NOELIA KANDRATAVICIUS ◽  
BEATRIZ PEREIRA CUNHA ◽  
ANA CAROLINA VILAS-BOAS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Taxonomic Level ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Species Inquirenda

Chromadoridae is a widespread family of mostly free-living marine nematodes. This systematic review provides for each genus: a historical background, an updated diagnosis and a list of species. Our review recognizes 37 valid genera, 395 valid species, 57 descriptions without enough morphological information for accurate identification (species inquirenda) and 10 species incerta sedis. We also recognize 21 species as nomena nuda. Additionally, polytomous keys were constructed for the subfamilies and for the genera of the three major subfamilies (Chromadorinae, Euchromadorinae and Hypodontolaiminae) using the most important diagnostic characters. A phylogenetic analysis based on rDNA sequences of species available in the GenBank was also conducted. Phylogenetic trees based on the 18S and 28S rDNA confirmed the classification into three subfamilies (Spilipherinae, Hypodontolaiminae and Chromadorinae), despite the absence of defined synapomorphies. Phylogenetic relationships at lower taxonomic level are problematic given the large number of sequences not identified to species level. 

State of the art of the free-living marine Monhysteridae (Nematoda)

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (7) ◽  
pp. 1371-1390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Fonseca ◽  
Wilfrida Decraemer
Keyword(s):  
Marine Sediments ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Free Living ◽  
The Family ◽  
Taxonomic History ◽  
Taxonomic Problem ◽  
Species Inquirendae

The family Monhysteridae is characterized by 17 valid genera, seven of which are known to be free-living, inhabiting marine sediments. In total, 70 valid marine species are ascribed to these seven genera. Overall, the family is characterized by a confused taxonomic history with a large list of synonyms and species inquirendae. The taxonomic problem is not restricted to the old literature, but inconsistencies also appeared in recent studies. The aim of this study is to show the most important diagnostic characters to identify each genus and provide taxonomic tools for species identification. Dichotomous-keys and illustration-guides are attempted for the marine monhysterid species. For the family and each subfamily, tribe and marine genus a brief historical background, diagnosis and a list of valid species is provided. Hereby, we propose to transfer eight species of the genus Thalassomonhystera to the genus Monhystrella.

scholarly journals Characterization of Coolia spp. (Gonyaucales, Dinophyceae) from Southern Tunisia: first record of Coolia malayensis in the Mediterranean Sea

ALGAE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-193
Author(s):  
Moufida Abdennadher ◽  
Amel Bellaaj Zouari ◽  
Walid Medhioub ◽  
Antonella Penna ◽  
Asma Hamza
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
First Record ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Mucus Production ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Morphological Differences

This study provides the first report of the presence of Coolia malayensis in the Mediterranean Sea, co-occurring with C. monotis. Isolated strains from the Gulf of Gabès, Tunisia (South-eastern Mediterranean) were identified by morphological characterization and phylogenetic analysis. Examination by light and scanning electron microscopy revealed no significant morphological differences between the Tunisian isolates and other geographically distant strains of C. monotis and C. malayensis. Phylogenetic trees based on ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and D1‒D3/28S rDNA sequences showed that C. monotis strains clustered with others from the Mediterranean and Atlantic whereas the C. malayensis isolate branched with isolates from the Pacific and the Atlantic, therefore revealing no geographical trend among C. monotis and C. malayensis populations. Ultrastructural analyses by transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of numerous vesicles containing spirally coiled fibers in both C. malayensis and C. monotis cells, which we speculate to be involved in mucus production.

scholarly journals Diversity of benthic marine mollusks of the Strait of Magellan, Chile (Polyplacophora, Gastropoda, Bivalvia): a historical review of natural history

ZooKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 963 ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
Cristian Aldea ◽  
Leslie Novoa ◽  
Samuel Alcaino ◽  
Sebastián Rosenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Research Effort ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Marine Research ◽  
Marine Mollusks ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Strait Of Magellan ◽  
The Strait Of Magellan ◽  
Diversity Studies ◽  
Interesting Area

An increase in richness of benthic marine mollusks towards high latitudes has been described on the Pacific coast of Chile in recent decades. This considerable increase in diversity occurs specifically at the beginning of the Magellanic Biogeographic Province. Within this province lies the Strait of Magellan, considered the most important channel because it connects the South Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. These characteristics make it an interesting area for marine research; thus, the Strait of Magellan has historically been the area with the greatest research effort within the province. However, despite efforts there is no comprehensive and updated list of the diversity of mollusks within the Strait of Magellan up to now. This study consisted of a complete bibliographic review of all available literature that included samples of mollusks in the Strait of Magellan. More than 300 articles were reviewed, covering 200 years of scientific knowledge. There were 2579 records belonging to 412 taxa, of which 347 are valid species. Of the total valid species, 44 (~13%) are considered of doubtful presence in the Strait. This work increases the known richness of mollusks of the Strait of Magellan by 228%; it is also the first report that integrates all available diversity studies of the three most speciose classes of benthic mollusks (Gastropoda, Bivalvia and Polyplacophora) from the Strait of Magellan.

Historical Background to Research on Job Loss, Unemployment, and Job Search

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.T. Feather
Keyword(s):  
Job Search ◽  
Job Loss ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Value Theory ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Research Survey

This chapter provides a selective review of past research on job loss, unemployment, and job search up to the beginning of the 1990s. The Great Depression studies in the 1930s at Marienthal by Jahoda and colleagues and by Bakke at Greenwich and New Haven are described, along with other research at the time. These early studies sowed the seeds for subsequent research programs in England, Europe, and Australia; the theories that emerged from this early and later research are described. They include stage theory, deprivation theory, agency theory, and vitamin theory. Other more general approaches—such as stress and coping models and expectancy-value theory—are also described as relevant to the unemployment experience. The historical review provides lessons about the importance of using a variety of methodologies that include descriptive field research, survey and questionnaire studies, longitudinal research, and research across cultures. It also suggests that progress will involve the application of midrange theories about work, paid employment, and unemployment targeted to particular issues such as psychological well-being, health-related problems, social and family effects, and job-search behavior.

Catalogue of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) from the Malay Archipelago

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4716 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-240
Author(s):  
LEONILA CORPUZ-RAROS ◽  
SERGEY G. ERMILOV
Keyword(s):  
Historical Review ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Original Description ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Oribatid Mites ◽  
East Timor ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Malay Archipelago ◽  
Total Fauna ◽  
Sabah And Sarawak

This paper presents a Catalogue of oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida) recorded from the Malay Archipelago covering 113 years from 1905 to the end of 2018. The Malay Archipelago comprises countries located in the maritime area of Southeast Asia between the Indian and Pacific Oceans, viz., Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, Indonesia, East Timor and the Philippines. Information compiled for each species includes references to the original description, subsequent re-combinations of specific name with other genera, and junior synonyms, if any, as well as the type locality, type habitat, later recorded habitats, and geographic distribution within and outside the Malay Archipelago. A historical review of explorations and taxonomic studies on oribatids in the various countries is also provided.                A total of 1,030 valid species including subspecies and 6 doubtful species have been recorded from the Malay Archipelago from 1905 to 2018. The valid species belong to 323 genera, 98 families and 34 superfamilies in all of the five infraorders and two hyporders of the Suborder Oribatida. Among the component countries, the Philippines has the highest number of records at 513, followed by Indonesia including Kalimantan and excluding the Moluccas and Irian Barat on New Guinea Island (402), Malaysia including Sabah and Sarawak (250), Brunei (64), and Singapore (28), while not a single species is currently known from East Timor. Most of the species known from Malaysia come from its two provinces (Sabah and Sarawak) in Borneo Island with 190, or more than twice that on Peninsular or West Malaysia with 77 species. On the whole, Borneo Island which is home for three countries has 235 recorded species with Sabah and Sarawak having 190, Brunei 64, and Kalimantan only 18 species. Aside from Borneo, the better explored islands, in descending order of records, are Luzon (346), Java (261), Samar (182), Mindanao (178), Leyte (112), Polillo (105), Bali (99), and Sumatra (82), and the peninsular part of Malaysia (78), while the relatively large island of Sulawesi has only 13 species records.                Endemism to the individual countries ranges from 36.1–60.7%, the highest of which are Singapore (60.7%) and Brunei (57.8%). The relatively better known and bigger countries have lower rates of endemism—47.4% for the Philippines, 46.8% for Malaysia, whereas Indonesia, with the largest land area and earliest records, has the lowest rate of 36.1%. Overall, 608 species or 59.0% of the total fauna of the Malay Archipelago are known so far only from this region.  

A taxonomic review of the fish parasitic isopod family Cymothoidae Leach, 1818 (Crustacea: Isopoda: Cymothooidea) of India

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4622 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. RAVICHANDRAN ◽  
P. VIGNESHWARAN ◽  
G. RAMESHKUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Marine Fishes ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Indian Species ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
Host Preferences ◽  
As Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Species Inquirenda ◽  
Parasitic Isopod

The parasitic isopod family Cymothoidae Leach, 1818 of the India exclusive economic zone is reviewed. A total of 56 nominal species corresponding to 48 valid species belonging to sixteen genera are reviewed from 73 host species belonging to 35 families. Mothocya plagulophora (Haller, 1880), Nerocila depressa Milne Edwards, 1840, Nerocila loveni Bovallius, 1887, Nerocila trichiura (Miers, 1877), Norileca triangulata (Richardson, 1910) and Ryukyua globosa Williams & Bunkley-Williams, 1994 are redescribed. Indusa pustulosa Pillai, 1954 is synonymised with Agarna malayi Tiwari, 1952; Cymothoa krishnai Jayadev Babu & Sanjeeva Raj, 1984 is synonymised with Cymothoa eremita (Brünnich, 1783) and Nerocila priacanthusi Kumari, Rao & Shyamasundari, 1987 is synonymised with Nerocila arres Bowman & Tareen, 1983. Ourozeuktes bopyroides (Lesueur, 1814) is revised and excluded from the Indian fauna. The Indian cymothoid species Agarna bengalensis Kumari, Rao & Shaymasundari, 1990, Cymothoa asymmetrica Pillai, 1954 and Nerocila hemirhamphusi Shyamasundari, Rao & Kumari, 1990 are regarded here as species inquirenda. A key to the Indian genera of the family Cymothoidae and keys to the Indian species of the genera Cymothoa, Joryma, Mothocya, and Nerocila are presented. A checklist of the valid Cymothoidae species until now reported from Indian marine fishes are compiled. Host preferences, morphological variability and distribution are discussed. 

scholarly journals Comparison of Phenotypic and Genotypic Techniques for Identification of Unusual Aerobic Pathogenic Gram-Negative Bacilli

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 3674-3679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Wei Tang ◽  
Nicole M. Ellis ◽  
Marlene K. Hopkins ◽  
Douglas H. Smith ◽  
Deborah E. Dodge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Cellular Fatty Acid ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Fundamental Goal ◽  
Conventional Methods ◽  
Genotypic Identification

Rapid and accurate identification of bacterial pathogens is a fundamental goal of clinical microbiology, but one that is difficult or impossible for many slow-growing and fastidious organisms. We used identification systems based on cellular fatty acid profiles (Sherlock; MIDI, Inc., Newark, Del.), carbon source utilization (Microlog; Biolog, Inc., Hayward, Calif.), and 16S rRNA gene sequence (MicroSeq; Perkin-Elmer Applied Biosystems Division, Foster City, Calif.) to evaluate 72 unusual aerobic gram-negative bacilli isolated from clinical specimens at the Mayo Clinic. Compared to lengthy conventional methods, Sherlock, Microlog, and MicroSeq were able to identify 56 of 72 (77.8%), 63 of 72 (87.5%), and 70 of 72 (97.2%) isolates to the genus level (P = 0.002) and 44 to 65 (67.7%), 55 of 65 (84.6%), and 58 of 65 (89.2%) isolates to the species level (P = 0.005), respectively. FourAcinetobacter and three Bordetella isolates which could not be identified to the species level by conventional methods were identified by MicroSeq. In comparison to the full 16S rDNA sequences, the first 527 bp provided identical genus information for all 72 isolates and identical species information for 67 (93.1%) isolates. These data show that MicroSeq provides rapid, unambiguous identification of clinical bacterial isolates. The improved turnaround time provided by genotypic identification systems may translate into improved clinical outcomes.

Current trends in the study of music and emotion: Overture

2001 ◽  
Vol 5 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 3-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrik N. Juslin ◽  
Marcel R. Zentner
Keyword(s):  
Music Perception ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Current State ◽  
Good Grasp ◽  
Sixth International Conference ◽  
Music And Emotion ◽  
Musical Emotion ◽  
Sixth International

The study of musical emotion is currently witnessing a renaissance. However, the literature on music and emotion still presents a confusing picture. The conceptual terrain is still being mapped, and considerable refinement is still needed in how we study music and emotion. With all the research currently devoted to this subject, it is all the more important that we have a good grasp of the current state of the art, so that we do not invent the wheel twice. With this aim in mind, the present authors organized a symposium at the Sixth International Conference on Music Perception and Cognition in Keele, UK, August, 2000. The intention was to bring together several researchers who have made theoretical and empirical contributions to the field in order to display “Current trends in the study of music and emotion”. This special issue presents extended and revised papers from that symposium, including a number of additional contributions. In this paper, we provide an introduction. We discuss the historical background, highlight the primary issues as they relate to the contents of the others contributions, and finally consider the gap that exists between art and science.

Complementary description of Africoseius lativentris and placement of Africoseius in Podocinidae (Acari, Mesostigmata) based on molecular and morphological evidences

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 2369-2394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Rueda-Ramírez ◽  
Jandir C. Santos ◽  
Nazer Famah Sourassou ◽  
Peterson R. Demite ◽  
Andrés Puerta-gonzález ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Taxonomic Position ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
The Family ◽  
28S Rdna Sequences ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Longitudinal Extension

Morphological details of specimens collected from several localities in Brazil and identified as Africoseius lativentris (Karg 1982) are provided. The taxonomic position of Africoseius Krantz, 1962 has been debated over the years, with repeated changes in its familial placement. A phylogenetic study based on 18S and 28S rDNA sequences of the Brazilian population of A. lativentris collected at Jaboticabal, São Paulo State, and similar data of 70 taxa representing 11 families of Gamasina indicated that Africoseius is a member of the well-supported Podocinidae (sensu Lindquist et al. 2009) clade. The main morphological similarities and differences between Africoseius and the group of species until now placed in Podocinidae sensu Lindquist et al. (2009) are listed. Apomorphic characteristics uniting those taxa include the hypotrichous condition of tibia I (eight and nine setae instead of ten or more in other free-living Gamasina) and the insertions of av2 and pv2, considerably more distal on tarsi II and III than in the majority of the free-living Gamasina. Within Podocinidae, a new subfamily, Africoseiinae, is proposed, based on uniquely apomorphic characteristics of the setae ad4 and pd4 (sensu  Evans 1969) of tarsi II–IV absent, and setae av4 and pv4 of same basitarsi long, incurved and close to each other and to a posterior longitudinal extension of the peripodomeric suture and on the attenuated form of the lateral (rather than the medial) hypostomatic setae. This subfamily is currently represented by Africoseius areolatus Krantz and Africoseius lativentris (Karg 1982), while all other presently known species of the family are now placed in the subfamily Podocininae.

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