Polylactic acid block copolymer grafted temozolomide targeted nano delivery in the treatment of glioma

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 627-633
Author(s):  
Maokai Wang ◽  
Rongyan Kuang ◽  
Baoqing Huang ◽  
Defeng Ji
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Block Copolymer ◽  
Tumor Recurrence ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
First Line ◽  
Kunitz Domain ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Modified Block ◽  
Copolymer Poly ◽  
Line Chemotherapy

Gliomas are tumors of the central nervous system; they can be invasive and are commonly treated by surgical resection, chemo, and radiotherapy. Removal of a glioma is dangerous and not always successful. Temozolomide (TMZ), the first-line chemotherapy drug for gliomas, inhibit tumor recurrence, and metastasis to some extent. TMZ is often accompanied by side effects such as anemia, fever, constipation, and more. Here using a double-targeted Kunitz domain Angiopep-2 (ANG) modified block copolymer poly(lactic acid)-polyethylene glycol (PEG-PLA) coated with TMZ, we constructed a nano-delivery system (ANG@PLA-PEG/TMZ) that crosses the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to treat gliomas.

scholarly journals CNS Invasion in Meningioma—How the Intraoperative Assessment Can Improve the Prognostic Evaluation of Tumor Recurrence

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3620
Author(s):  
Felix Behling ◽  
Christina Fodi ◽  
Irina Gepfner-Tuma ◽  
Kathrin Machetanz ◽  
Mirjam Renovanz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Tumor Recurrence ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Prognostic Impact ◽  
Central Nervous System Tissue ◽  
Intraoperative Assessment ◽  
Intraoperative Detection ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The detection of the infiltrative growth of meningiomas into CNS tissue has been integrated into the WHO classification as a stand-alone marker for atypical meningioma. However, its prognostic impact has been questioned. Infiltrative growth can also be detected intraoperatively. The prognostic impact of the intraoperative detection of the central nervous system tissue invasion of meningiomas was analyzed and compared to the histopathological assessment. The clinical data of 1517 cases with follow-up data regarding radiographic recurrence was collected. Histopathology and operative reports were reviewed and invasive growth was seen during resection in 23.7% (n = 345) while histopathology detected it in 4.8% (n = 73). The histopathological and intraoperative assessments were compatible in 63%. The prognostic impact of histopathological and intraoperative assessment was significant in the univariate but not in the multivariate analysis. Both methods of assessment combined reached statistical significance in the multivariate analysis (p = 0.0409). A score including all independent prognostic factors divided the cohort into three prognostic subgroups with a risk of recurrence of 33.8, 64.7 and 88.5%, respectively. The intraoperative detection of the infiltrative growth of primary meningiomas into the central nervous system tissue can complement the histopathological assessment of CNS invasion. The combined assessment is an independent prognostic factor regarding tumor recurrence and allows a risk-adapted tumor stratification.

Amphiphilic block copolymer poly(lactic acid)-block -(glycidylazide polymer)-block -polystyrene: synthesis and self-assembly

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 1037-1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoping Li ◽  
Haoxue Dong ◽  
Menghui Liu ◽  
Min Xia ◽  
Chunpeng Chai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Block Copolymer ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Amphiphilic Block Copolymer ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Copolymer Poly ◽  
Polymer Block

Maintenance immunotherapy for primary central nervous system lymphoma following complete response after first-line chemotherapy.

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e13531-e13531
Author(s):  
Nancy Diane Doolittle ◽  
Rochelle Fu ◽  
Prakash Ambady ◽  
Jenny Firkins ◽  
Edward A. Neuwelt
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Central Nervous System Lymphoma ◽  
Complete Response ◽  
First Line ◽  
Line Chemotherapy

scholarly journals Peculiarities of penetration of anti-tuberculosis drugs into the foci of infection in patients with tuberculosis of the central nervous system and the choice of pharmacotherapy

2020 ◽  
pp. 252-253
Author(s):  
R. Ruslami
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Lower Mortality ◽  
High Dose ◽  
First Line ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Background. Tuberculosis (TB) of the central nervous system (CNS) is the most severe and life-threatening form of TB. Diagnosis of TB of CNS is difficult, and treatment is suboptimal. At present, the treatment of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) involves the same drugs and doses as for pulmonary TB, however, the problem is that not all the drugs cross the blood-brain barrier. Objective. To describe the penetration of anti-TB drugs (ATBD) into the foci of infection in patients with TB of CNS and the choice of pharmacotherapy. Materials and methods. Analysis of literature sources on this issue. Results and discussion. Options for optimizing the TBM treatment include a non-pharmacological approach, treatment prolongation, and increasing the residence time of ATBD at the infection site. A meta-analysis of 17 observational studies found no significant benefits of 9-month treatment over 6-month regimens. To increase the residence time of the drug in CNS, you can increase the dose of drugs that poorly penetrate the CNS, add drugs with better brain penetration characteristics, modify drug delivery systems and physical and chemical properties of drugs. The optimal dose provides the maximum effectiveness of the active substance on the background of the minimum number of side effects, so increase of the dose without taking into account the risks of side effects is not advisable. One of the main ATBD rifampicin is characterized by poor penetration into the cerebrospinal fluid. The killer activity of rifampicin depends on its concentration. In our own study, it was found that the administration of a high dose of rifampicin (600 mg) intravenously for 14 days was characterized by lower mortality in patients with TBM than treatment with oral rifampicin (standardized risk ratio was 0.42). Intravenous high-dose treatment was safe and well tolerated by patients. The disadvantages of this treatment include its high cost, invasiveness and poor availability. A meta-analysis of Indonesian patient data confirmed that high doses of rifampicin were associated with lower mortality (Svensson E. et al., 2019). Other drugs that need research in TBM include a new drug bedaquiline, fluoroquinolones (levofloxacin), linezolid. Isoniazid, pyrazinamide, cycloserine, ethionamide, prothionamide are also characterized by the good permeability to cerebrospinal fluid. Therefore, in a strategy to optimize the TBM treatment high-dose rifampicin, high-dose isoniazid and pyrazinamide (?) are the first line, and cycloserine, ethionamide, linezolid, delamanide, pretomanide – the second line. Conclusions. 1. Diagnosis of TB of CNS is difficult, and treatment is suboptimal. 2. Not all the drugs cross the blood-brain barrier. 3. Options for optimization of the TBM treatment include a non-pharmacological approach, prolongation of therapy and increasing the residence time of ATBD in the infection focus. 4. Administration of high-dose rifampicin (600 mg) intravenously for 14 days was characterized by lower mortality in patients with TBM than treatment with oral rifampicin. 5. High-dose rifampicin, high-dose isoniazid and pyrazinamide (?) are the first line of TBM treatment.

Central nervous system lesions due to juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia progressed in a boy undergoing first line chemotherapy

2012 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 581-584
Author(s):  
Hiroko Fukushima ◽  
Takashi Fukushima ◽  
Akiyoshi Hiraki ◽  
Ryoko Suzuki ◽  
Shaza S. A. Mahmoud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia ◽  
First Line ◽  
Myelomonocytic Leukemia ◽  
Line Chemotherapy

scholarly journals Research Progress About Glioma Stem Cells in the Immune Microenvironment of Glioma

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangyu Li ◽  
Ming Liu ◽  
Junfeng Zhao ◽  
Tong Ren ◽  
Xin Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Tumor Progression ◽  
Tumor Recurrence ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Glioma Stem Cells ◽  
Immune Microenvironment ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Gliomas are the most common primary tumors of the central nervous system. Due to the existence of the blood-brain barrier and its unique regional immune characteristics, the study of the immune microenvironment of gliomas is particularly important. Glioma stem cells are an important cause of initiating glioma, promoting tumor progression and leading to tumor recurrence. Immunotherapeutic strategies targeting glioma stem cells have become the focus of current research. This paper will focus on the research progress of glioma stem cells in the immune microenvironment of glioma to provide the basis for the immunotherapy of glioma.

scholarly journals Paroxetine induced bruxism, treated with Buspirone : An unexplored entity

2014 ◽  
pp. 29-31
Author(s):  
Seshadri Sekhar Chatterjee ◽  
Arnab Maji ◽  
Nitu Mallik
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Serotonin Reuptake ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Selective Serotonin ◽  
First Line ◽  
The Central Nervous System

SSRI are the widely prescribed first line drugs for depression and as depression very commonly presents with insomnia SSRI are good at improving the sleep problems also. But though rare the occurrence of sleep related side effects like bruxism,it may cause significant distress and cause of nonadherence which easily may be overlooked. In this case we report a case of Paroxetine induced bruxism and subsequently treated with withdrawing the drug and buspirone. Though the aetiology of such bruxism remained unclear, the imbalances in dopaminergic and serotonergic activities in the central nervous system is mostly implicated.Key Words : Bruxism, Escitalopram, Parafunctional activity, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors

scholarly journals Clinical Analysis of Pediatric Systemic Juvenile Xanthogranulomas: A Retrospective Single-Center Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyun Lian ◽  
Ang Wei ◽  
Lejian He ◽  
Ying Yang ◽  
Honghao Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Stable State ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Line Treatment ◽  
Second Line ◽  
First Line ◽  
Line Chemotherapy ◽  
First Line Treatment

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of children with systemic juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG).Methods: Clinical data of children with JXG who were hospitalized in Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, from January 2012 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed, including clinical manifestations, laboratory determinations, treatment, and prognosis of the children. Patients were treated with vindesine + prednisone as the first-line treatment and cytarabine + vindesine + dexamethasone ± cladribine as the second-line treatment.Results: Ten patients, including 8 males and 2 females, with a median of onset age of 1.95 (0.80–7.30) years, exhibited multi-system dysfunction. The median age of diagnosis was 2.45 (1.30–12.10) years. The most common location of extracutaneous lesions was the central nervous system (6 cases), followed by the lung (5 cases) and bone (4 cases). Nine patients underwent first-line chemotherapy, and 6 patients underwent second-line chemotherapy, including 5 patients with poorly controlled disease after first-line treatment. The median observation time was 29 (3–115) months. Nine patients survived, whereas one patient died of respiratory failure caused by pulmonary infection. At the end of follow-up, 7 patients were in active disease (AD)/regression state (AD-better), and 2 patients were in an AD/stable state (AD-stable). Three patients had permanent sequelae, mainly central diabetes insipidus. The rates of response to the first-line treatment and the second-line treatment were 40.0 and 66.7% respectively.Conclusion: The chemotherapy protocol for Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) may be effective for patients with systemic JXG. Central nervous system involvement may not impact overall survival, but serious permanent sequelae may occur.

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