Oregon's Psychiatric Security Review Board: A Comprehensive System for Managing Insanity Acquittees

1986 ◽  
Vol 484 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEFFREY L. ROGERS ◽  
JOSEPH D. BLOOM ◽  
SPERO M. MANSON
Keyword(s):  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Insanity Defense ◽  
Mentally Ill Offenders ◽  
Comprehensive System ◽  
The Past ◽  
Unique System ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Insanity Acquittees ◽  
Controversial Aspect

The insanity defense is a particularly controversial aspect of the interaction between law and mental health. During the past decade, many states have revised or abolished their insanity defenses. Oregon, however, chose in 1978 to retain its existing defense and create a new, unique system for the post-adjudication management of insanity acquittees. Oregon's legislature established the Psychiatric Security Review Board (PSRB), which is composed of five part-time members drawn from different disciplines, to conduct periodic hearings to determine the placement and supervision of defendants who successfully raise the insanity defense and remain mentally ill and dangerous. The PSRB has received national attention as a promising approach to managing mentally ill offenders. The authors first describe the structure and operation of the Oregon system. Then they summarize the empirical studies they have conducted of the PSRB in action.

Guilty But Mentally Ill: A Retreat from the Insanity Defense

1981 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-264
Author(s):  
Scott Leigh Sherman
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Recent Trend ◽  
Insanity Defense ◽  
Constitutional Rights ◽  
Violent Crimes ◽  
The Public ◽  
Psychiatric Institution ◽  
Insanity Acquittees

Abstract“Guilty but mentally ill” legislation responds to the increasing outbreak of violent crimes and to public skepticism concerning the ability of psychiatrists to determine the advisability of a criminal's return to society. Under this alternative to the traditional insanity defense, once the defendant chooses to plead not guilty by reason of insanity, the trier of fact may elect to find him guilty, but mentally ill. This may occur when it is determined that the defendant's mental illness is not severe enough to negate culpability. The court must then sentence the defendant to a term in prison instead of committing him to a psychiatric institution.This Note discusses the origins of the guilty but mentally ill verdict and outlines the development of commitment standards for civil patients and insanity acquittees. While these standards appeared to be merging for a period of time the more recent trend has been to treat civil patients and insanity acquitees differently. This Note maintains that the guilty but mentally ill verdict involves an unnecessarily severe curtailment of the mentally ill offender's constitutional rights.The Note delineates a proposal critiquing the misconceptions on which the statute is based and the excessive restraints on liberty it causes. The proposal examines the reasons for the public's misgivings with the insanity defense and suggests that the threat to the public's safety may not be as serious as it appears. Furthermore, it indicates that while problems remain with the existing insanity defense, the solution to those problems provided by the guilty but mentally ill statute outweighs the risk that insanity acquittees pose to the public.

Reviewing the Guilty but Mentally Ill Alternative: A Case of the Blind “Pleading” the Blind

1993 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt M. Bumby
Keyword(s):  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Insanity Defense ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Mentally Ill Offenders ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
The Public ◽  
Dangerous Offenders ◽  
Jury Deliberations ◽  
Continued Use

In response to criticisms of the traditional insanity defense, the “guilty but mentally ill” (GBMI) verdict option was developed and is currently operating in approximately one-fourth of the states. Proponents claim that several goals are achieved with GBMI verdicts: (1) inappropriate insanity findings are reduced; (2) offenders are held criminally responsible; (3) jury deliberations are simplified, as GBMI offers a “compromise” verdict; (4) the public receives greater protection from dangerous offenders; and (5) treatment of mentally ill offenders is provided. However, the present review of the literature suggests that these goals are far from being achieved. Insanity findings are not reduced, offenders are more likely to deny responsibility, and jury deliberations are likely to be more confusing when GBMI is utilized. Further, persons found GBMI are often placed on probation and are not assured of treatment either in or out of prison. It is suggested that numerous misperceptions surround the GBMI option, allowing for its continued use despite clear evidence of its inadequacies.

scholarly journals MAPPA and mental health — 10 years of controversy

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 201-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Yakeley ◽  
Richard Taylor ◽  
Angus Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Information Sharing ◽  
Royal College ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Mentally Ill Offenders ◽  
The Past ◽  
Department Of Health

SummaryMultiagency public protection arrangements (MAPPAs) were established in England and Wales 10 years ago to oversee statutory arrangements for public protection by the identification, assessment and management of high-risk offenders. This article reviews MAPPAs' relationship with mental health services over the past decade. Despite areas of progress in the management of mentally ill offenders, inconsistent practice persists regarding issues of confidentiality and information-sharing between agencies, which calls for clearer and more consistent guidance from the Royal College of Psychiatrists, the Ministry of Justice and the Department of Health.

scholarly journals An Open Forensic Unit for the Borderline Mentally Impaired Offender

1988 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-15
Author(s):  
Jeanette Smith
Keyword(s):  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Mentally Ill Offenders ◽  
Open Door Policy ◽  
Hospital System ◽  
The Past ◽  
Hospital Closures ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Mentally Impaired ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S

Over recent years attention has been directed towards providing appropriate facilities for the mentally abnormal offender. In the past such individuals were probably absorbed into the hospital system. However, the open door policy of the 1960s and 1970s, together with hospital closures and reduced bed numbers, has meant that this invisible absorption has been unable to continue. It has been suggested that many of these mentally abnormal offenders are inappropriately placed within the penal system, thus contributing to prison overcrowding. The Butler and Glancy Reports recommended Regional Secure Units as a possible solution. At the beginning of 1987, 14 of these had opened. The tendency has been for Regional Secure Units to deal mainly with the mentally ill offenders and the needs of the mentally impaired have been largely overlooked. The literature on the subject of this latter group has been sparse. Craft described an isolated unit in Wales, which dealt with mentally abnormal offenders, and there are hospitals which provide secure facilities for the mentally handicapped. The purpose of this study is to describe the characteristics of the patients admitted to an open forensic unit in order to assess the suitability of the facilities and the outcome of the treatment provided.

scholarly journals Mentally ill offenders in prison.

BMJ ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 290 (6470) ◽  
pp. 786-786
Author(s):  
R W Reeves
Keyword(s):  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Mentally Ill Offenders

scholarly journals Mapping the Landscape and Structure of Research on Education for Sustainable Development: A Bibliometric Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Hallinger ◽  
Vien-Thong Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
English Language ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Education For Sustainable Development ◽  
Intellectual Structure ◽  
Geographic Diversification ◽  
The Past ◽  
K 12

This systematic review of research used science mapping as a means of analyzing the knowledge base on education for sustainable development (ESD) in K-12 schooling. The review documented the size, growth trajectory and geographic distribution of this literature, identified high impact scholars and documents, and visualized the “intellectual structure” of the field. The database examined in this review consisted of 1842 English language, Scopus-indexed documents published between 1990 and 2018. The review found that the knowledge base on ESD has grown dramatically over the past 30 years, with a rapidly accelerating rate of publication in the past decade. Although the field has been dominated by scholarship from Anglo-American_European nations, there is evidence of increasing geographic diversification of the ESD knowledge base over the past 15 years. Citation analyses identified authors who have had a significant influence on the development of this literature. Author co-citation analysis revealed three “schools of thought” that comprise the “intellectual structure” of this knowledge base: Education for Sustainable Development, Developing a Sustainability Mindset, Teaching and Learning for Sustainability. Document content analyses led to the conclusion that the current knowledge base is heavily weighted towards critical, descriptive and prescriptive papers, with an insufficient body of analytical empirical studies. Several recommendations are offered for strengthening this literature.

The Situation of Situation Research: Knowns and Unknowns

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 473-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Rauthmann ◽  
Ryne A. Sherman
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Future Situation ◽  
Person Variables

Over the past 15 years, research on the assessment of psychological situations has flourished. As a result, many basic questions about psychological situations have been answered. We discuss the theoretical and empirical studies that answered these questions, including what situations are; how they can be characterized, taxonomized, and measured; how they relate to person variables; and how persons navigate situations. We first summarize the “knowns” of psychological situation research and then proceed to chart the “unknowns” that have yet to be examined. We conclude with an agenda for future situation research.

scholarly journals The Role of Intuition and Prognostic Risk Assessment Regarding the Leave of Offenders with Mental Disorders

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
C. Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Methodological Problem ◽  
German Law ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Mentally Ill Offenders ◽  
Rare Occurrence ◽  
German State

The granting of leave during terms of imprisonment plays an important part in the treatment of mentally ill offenders. According to German law, leave is to be granted in those cases where the abuse of this privilege or an attempt to flee can be negated. These regulations also, however, imply that the risk assessment of a patient's offence-related recidivism can not be the only criterion for the granting of leave.So far, there have only been few studies about the prognostic risk assessment of the general abuse of leave. This is rather astonishing, as the granting of leave outside the institutional grounds, in particular, is a decision which often leaves those responsible fraught with anxiety. Furthermore, the abuse of a granted temporary release can lead to severe consequences on various levels.As part of a study to be conducted in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, decisions about granting leave are to be analyzed and possible predictors of the abuse of leave are to be examined.It is assumed that the abuse of leave is likely to be motivated by the conditions of particular situations and can primarily be explained by normal psychological factors.However, it should be pointed out that, as the abuse of leave is such a rare occurrence, it poses a significant methodological problem. The criterion to be examined therefore needs to be exactly defined and particular attention must be paid to achieve an adequately high interreliability of the decision makers.

The Great Depression and the Great Recession in Interwar Greece and Today: A comparison

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophia Lazaretou
Keyword(s):  
Great Recession ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
The Past ◽  
Greek Crisis ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Terra Incognita ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Nominal Anchor

AbstractThe past Greek crisis experience is more or less terra incognita. In all historical empirical studies Greece is systematically neglected or included only sporadically in their cross-country samples. In the national literature too there is little on this topic. In this paper we use the 1930s crisis as a useful testing ground to compare the two crises episodes, ‘then’ and ‘now’; to detect differences and similarities and discuss the policy facts with the ultimate aim to draw some ‘policy lessons’ from history. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to study the Greek crisis experience across the two historical episodes. Comparisons with the interwar period show that the recent economic downturn was faster, larger and more severe than during the early 1930s. More importantly, analysing the determinants of the two crises, we conclude that Greece’s problems arose from its inability to credibly adhere to a nominal anchor.

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