Examining the Role of Power-Control Theory and Self-Control to Account for Computer Hacking

2020 ◽  
pp. 001112872098189
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Holt ◽  
Kevin F. Steinmetz
Keyword(s):  
Gender Difference ◽  
Control Theory ◽  
Power Control ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Criminological Theory ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Computer Hacking ◽  
Using Data

Criminological inquiry consistently identifies a gender difference in offending rates, which are also evident among certain forms of cybercrime. The gender difference in cybercrime offending is particularly large within computer hacking, though few have specifically addressed this issue through applications of criminological theory. The current study attempted to account for the gender disparity in hacking through a test of power-control theory, which considers the role of class and family structure. This analysis also incorporated an extension of power-control theory through the influence of low self-control. Using data from the Second International Self-Report of Delinquency study (ISRD-2), logistic regression analyses were estimated, producing partial support for both theories to account for hacking. Implications for theory and research were explored in detail.

Self-Control, Deviant Peers, and Software Piracy

2004 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 921-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
George E. Higgins ◽  
David A. Makin
Keyword(s):  
Control Theory ◽  
Software Piracy ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Deviant Peers ◽  
Moral Attitude ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Criminal Behaviors ◽  
Low Self Control ◽  
Moderating Role

Tests of self-control theory have examined a substantial number of criminal behaviors, but no study has examined the correlation of low self-control with software piracy. Using data collected from 302 students in this university, this study examined the correlation of low self-control with software piracy and the moderating role of associating with deviant peers in this correlation. Low self-control correlated with software piracy more strongly for those who had high associations with deviant peers than for students with low associations with deviant peers. Analysis indicated differential links for lack of moral attitude in relation to software piracy and favorable attitudes for software piracy for varying association with deviant peers.

scholarly journals Juvenile Hackers: An Empirical Test of Self-Control Theory and Social Bonding Theory

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-55
Author(s):  
Sinchul Back ◽  
Sadhika Soor ◽  
Jennifer LaPrade
Keyword(s):  
Control Theory ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Bonding ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Computer Hacking ◽  
Bonding Theory ◽  
Social Bonding Theory

In accordance with a similar growth in information technology, computer hacking has become a pervasive issue as a form of crime worldwide in recent years. Self-control theory and social bonding theory have frequently been employed to explain various types of crimes, but rarely to explore computer hacking. Drawing from Gottfredson and Hirschi’s (1990) self-control theory and Hirschi’s (1969) social bonding theory, the purpose of this study is to empirically examine the suitability of these two theories in explaining juvenile computer hacking offenses. The self-report survey data utilized for the present study was derived from middle school and high school students in the United States, Russia, Spain, Venezuela, France, Hungary, Germany, and Poland. The current study hypothesizes that hackers’ self-control and social bonding are significant predictors for the commission of computer hacking offenses. The findings of this study provide strong support for Gottfredson and Hirschi’s (1990) self-control theory. In addition, the findings can be interpreted as partially supportive of Hirschi’s (1969) social bonding theory. The authors conclude with a discussion on policy implications.

Exploring the Moderating Role of Gender in Juvenile Hacking Behaviors

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 1533-1555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Holt ◽  
Jordana N. Navarro ◽  
Shelly Clevenger
Keyword(s):  
Self Control ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Juvenile Offending ◽  
Computer Hacking ◽  
Peer Associations ◽  
Rural Residency ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

Criminological research has demonstrated the significant relationship between deviant peer associations, a lack of self-control, and individual delinquency. These relationships also account for involvement in cybercrime, though these results are based largely on adult samples. There is less research considering juvenile offending online, particularly examining involvement in property-based offenses such as computer hacking. This study utilized an international sample of 48,327 juvenile respondents in the Second International Self-Report of Delinquency (ISRD-2) study to examine the role of gender as a moderating factor in the relationship between deviant peer associations, self-control, opportunity, and self-reported computer hacking behavior. The findings demonstrated different correlates associated with hacking for males and females, as well as differences on the basis of urban and rural residency.

Early Adverse Childhood Experiences and Self-Control Development among Youth in Fragile Families

2021 ◽  
pp. 0044118X2199637
Author(s):  
Melissa S. Jones ◽  
Hayley Pierce ◽  
Constance L. Chapple
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Fragile Families ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Using Data

Though considerable research links both a lack of self-control and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) to a variety of negative health and behavioral outcomes, few studies to date have explored whether ACEs are associated with deficits in self-control. Using data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCW; n = 3,444) and a life course theoretical framework, this study aims to address this gap in the literature by examining the relationships between individual ACEs, cumulative ACEs, timing of ACEs, and durations of early ACEs and self-control development among youth. Our results indicate that as the number of ACEs (by age 5) experienced incrementally increases, the likelihood of reported self-control decreases. Moreover, when it comes to the timing and duration of ACE exposure, ACEs that are high but late, intermittent, or chronically high significantly decrease self-control. Based on our findings, researchers should continue to explore the role of ACEs in youth self-control development.

Modern Control Theory and the Limits of Criminal Justice

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Gottfredson ◽  
Travis Hirschi
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Control Theory ◽  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Social Control Theory ◽  
Modern Control Theory ◽  
Criminal Sanctions ◽  
Course Outcomes ◽  
Modern Control

Modern Control Theory and the Limits of Criminal Justice updates and extends the authors’ classic general theory of crime (sometimes referred to as “self-control theory”). In Part I, contemporary evidence about the theory is summarized. Research from criminology, psychology, economics, education, and public health substantially supports the lifelong influence of self control as a significant cause of problem behaviors, including delinquency and crime, substance abuse, school problems, many forms of accidents, employment instability, and many poor health outcomes. Contemporary evidence is supportive of the theory’s focus on early socialization for creation of higher levels of self control and other dimensions of the theory, including the roles of self control, age and the generality or versatility of problem behaviors, as well as the connections between self control and later teen and adult problem behaviors. The book provides methodological assessments of research on the theory, contrasting the control theory perspective with other developmental perspectives in criminology. The role of opportunity, the relationship between self and social control theory, and the role of motivation are addressed. In Part II, control theory is taken to be a valid theory and is used to explore the role of criminal sanctions, especially policing and prisons, and policies about immigration, as methods to impact crime. Modern control theory provides an explanation for the general lack of effectiveness of formal, state sanctions on crime and instead provides substantial justification for prevention of delinquency and crime by a focus on childhood. The theory effectively demonstrates the limits of criminal sanctions and the connection between higher levels of self control and positive life-course outcomes.

Gender Differences in Youth Exposure to Community Violence: A Partial Test of Power-Control Theory

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-146
Author(s):  
Maria João Lobo Antunes ◽  
Eileen M. Ahlin ◽  
Amanda D. Emmert ◽  
Michelle Manasse
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Control Theory ◽  
Power Control ◽  
Community Violence ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Family Management ◽  
Exposure To Community Violence ◽  
Using Data

Youths’ exposure to community violence increases their risk for harmful emotional and behavioral outcomes. Several family management strategies protect youth against exposure though there is scant literature exploring whether their application is gendered. Using data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods, we draw from power-control theory to assess gender differences in family management strategies and the extent to which this accounts for boys’ greater exposure to neighborhood violence. Controlling for neighborhood contextual factors and youth covariates of exposure to violence, findings suggest that parents adopt gendered parenting practices, which in turn helps clarify why boys are more likely to report exposure to community violence.

The effect of parent–adolescent relationship quality on deviant peer affiliation: The mediating role of self-control and friendship quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 2714-2736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangsong Liu ◽  
Harold Chui ◽  
Man Cheung Chung
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Friendship Quality ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Deviant Peer Affiliation ◽  
Peer Affiliation ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Adolescent Relationship

Previous research demonstrated the association between parent–adolescent relationship quality and deviant peer affiliation, but it is unclear whether this relation is mediated by other psychological and interpersonal variables, whether father– and mother–adolescent relationship quality have different pathways in predicting deviant peer affiliation, and whether gender moderates these associations. A sample of 543 students from grades 10 to 12 (42.7% male; age M = 16.2 years, SD = 1.0) was selected from a Chinese high school in Shenzhen, China. They provided demographic variables and completed self-report measures of father– and mother–adolescent relationship quality, self-control, friendship quality, and deviant peer affiliation. The results showed that lower father–adolescent relationship quality was associated with lower self-control, which in turn was associated with higher deviant peer affiliation. Mother–adolescent relationship quality did not have direct or indirect association with deviant peer affiliation. In addition, male and female adolescents had no significant difference in the associations between father– and mother–adolescent relationship quality, self-control, friendship quality, and deviant peer affiliation. Implications and limitations of these findings were discussed.

Self-Control, External Environment, and Delinquency: A Test of Self-Control Theory in Rural China

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (16) ◽  
pp. 1696-1716
Author(s):  
Xin Jiang ◽  
Xiaojin Chen ◽  
Yue Zhuo
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Control Theory ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Delinquent Behavior ◽  
Relative Strength ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Delinquent Behaviors ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Ninth Grade Students

Although self-control consistently emerges as one of the most robust correlates of delinquent behavior, limited empirical attempts have been made to explore the contextual variability of the relationship between self-control and delinquency outside of Western societies. Using data collected from 587 seventh- to ninth-grade students across 10 middle schools in a rural county of Southeast China, we examine self-control’s efficacy in explaining juvenile delinquency in the presence of external environmental factors, and investigate relative strength of self-control and contextual factors in predicting delinquent behaviors. Our results confirm that self-control is an important predictor of delinquent behavior in a non-Western cultural context. However, certain environmental factors rooted in family, school, and peer groups are also shown to be the predictors of delinquent behavior where strength seems to exceed that of self-control. These findings shed more nuanced insights on the nexus between self-control, external situations, and delinquency, and in a broader sense, contribute to the elaboration of a more comprehensive understanding of self-control theory.

An Analysis of the Self-Control and Criminal Versatility of Gang and Dating Violence Offenders

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 671-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constance L. Chapple ◽  
Trina L. Hope
Keyword(s):  
Dating Violence ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Intimate Violence ◽  
Gang Violence ◽  
General Theory Of Crime ◽  
Theory Of Crime ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Low Self Control

How versatile are gang and dating violence offenders? Current gang research highlights the versatility of gang members, yet the versatility of intimate violence offenders is often unexamined. Gottfredson and Hirschi,A General Theory of Crime(1990), support the idea of versatile rather than specialized offenders and suggests that low self-control is associated with a host of criminal and noncriminal risk-taking activities. Using data from a self-report sample of 1139 youths in grades 9 through 11, we investigated both the versatility of gang and dating violence offenders and theoretical variables associated with each. We find disproportionate offending by dating and gang violence offenders in a variety of crimes, as well as considerable overlap in the independent variables associated with both types of violence. Low levels of self-control and exposure to general and crime-specific criminal opportunities are significantly associated with engaging in dating and gang violence.

Psychological Profiles of Brazilian Adolescent Offenders

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Rezende Bazon ◽  
Lais Sette Galinari
Keyword(s):  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Adolescent Offenders ◽  
Psychological Profiles ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Antisocial Attitudes ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Low Self Control ◽  
Group 1

AbstractThe present study verified the existence of psychological profiles among Brazilian adolescent offenders, using data from a sample (n=858) collected with the Brazilian version of the Revised Jesness Inventory (JI-R-Br). This instrument is a comprehensive, self-report measure of personal dispositions (traits) that are associated with vulnerability to antisocial behavior (Impulsivity, Aggression/Hostility, Sensation Seeking) and adaptive patterns (Antisocial Values/Beliefs and Antisocial Attitudes). Cluster analyses showed three significantly distinct groups: group 1 (n=276), called Asocial, was comprised of impulsive/aggressive adolescents with high antisocial motivation, low self-control and very focused on their own needs. Group 2 (n=346), called Neurotic Antisocial, was comprised of adolescents with high rates of depression and anxiety, as well as low self-control, but with less antisocial motivation when compared with group 1. Group 3 (n=236) was similar to group 4 (normative group; n=572). Our results corroborate those described by other studies in the literature. They show the importance of different practices and/or interventions when working with offenders, given that there are different profiles based on different psychological characteristics/needs for this population.

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