scholarly journals A Mixture IRTree Model for Extreme Response Style: Accounting for Response Process Uncertainty

2020 ◽  
pp. 001316442091391
Author(s):  
Nana Kim ◽  
Daniel M. Bolt
Keyword(s):  
Real Data ◽  
Response Style ◽  
Response Styles ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Process Uncertainty ◽  
Extreme Response Style ◽  
Learning Mathematics ◽  
Extreme Response ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Mathematics And Science

This paper presents a mixture item response tree (IRTree) model for extreme response style. Unlike traditional applications of single IRTree models, a mixture approach provides a way of representing the mixture of respondents following different underlying response processes (between individuals), as well as the uncertainty present at the individual level (within an individual). Simulation analyses reveal the potential of the mixture approach in identifying subgroups of respondents exhibiting response behavior reflective of different underlying response processes. Application to real data from the Students Like Learning Mathematics (SLM) scale of Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2015 demonstrates the superior comparative fit of the mixture representation, as well as the consequences of applying the mixture on the estimation of content and response style traits. We argue that methodology applied to investigate response styles should attend to the inherent uncertainty of response style influence due to the likely influence of both response styles and the content trait on the selection of extreme response categories.

scholarly journals Cross-Cultural Variations in Extreme Rejecting and Extreme Affirming Response Styles

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 955-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tieyuan Guo ◽  
Roy Spina
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Response Style ◽  
Response Styles ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
Cultural Variations ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Country Level ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual

Previous research has discussed cultural differences in moderacy vs extremity response styles. The present research found that cultural differences in response styles were more complex than previously speculated. We investigated cross-cultural variations in extreme rejecting versus affirming response biases. Although research has indicated that overall Chinese have less extreme responses than Westerners, the difference may be mainly driven by extreme rejecting responses because respondents consider answering survey questions as a way of interacting with researchers, and extreme rejecting responses may disrupt harmony in relationships, which is valued more in Chinese collectivistic culture than in Western individualistic cultures. Studies 1 and 2 revealed that Chinese had less extreme rejecting response style than did British, whereas they did not differ in extreme affirming response style. Study 2 further revealed that the cross-cultural asymmetry in extreme rejecting versus affirming response styles was partially accounted for by individualism orientation at the individual level. Consistently, Study 3 revealed that at the country level, individualism was positively associated with extreme rejecting response style, but was not associated with extreme affirming response style, suggesting that individualism accounted for the asymmetric cultural variation in extreme rejecting versus affirming response styles.

A Cross-National Comparison of Extreme Response Style Measures

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Peterson ◽  
Pablo Rhi-Perez ◽  
Gerald Albaum
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Response Style ◽  
Traditional Measure ◽  
A Value ◽  
Extreme Response Style ◽  
Extreme Response ◽  
National Comparison ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Cross National

Five measures of extreme response style were compared across 6,146 study participants from 36 countries: the traditional measure, a modified traditional measure, the individual standard deviation, an index of dispersion and an index of entropy. The traditional measure of extreme response style, whereby the two extreme categories of an item or rating scale are assigned a value of ‘1’, all interior categories are assigned a value of ‘0’ and the sum of the ‘1’ values reflects the extent of extreme responding behaviour, performed slightly better than the other extreme response style measures examined with respect to reliability and ability to discriminate. The traditional measure of extreme response style was positively related to the variance of an attitudinal variable but unrelated to its mean. It was also related to Hofstede's cultural orientation variables of individualism-collectivism and power distance. Future cross-cultural and cross-national empirical research should systematically incorporate measures of extreme responding so that more is learned about the phenomenon and its possible effects.

scholarly journals “All or nothing”

Psico ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. e35441
Author(s):  
Bruno Bonfá-Araujo ◽  
Nelson Hauck Filho
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Response Style ◽  
Response Styles ◽  
Extreme Response Style ◽  
Extreme Response ◽  
Dichotomous Thinking ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

In the current study, we investigated the unique associations between dichotomous thinking, extreme response style (ERS), and the Dark Triad of personality, namely, Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy. We hypothesized that dichotomous thinking would exhibit a positive effect on ERS, and that dichotomous thinking would be positively associated with the Dark Triad even after accounting for ERS. Participants were 488 adults with a mean age of 29.54 years (SD = 10.38). Results confirmed dichotomous thinking positively predicts ERS, that the relationship between dichotomous thinking and the Dark Triad domains remains positive and significant even after accounting for ERS. Moreover, ERS manifested weak negative associations with the Dark Triad, with a significant relationship only with psychopathy. Findings from the current study help expand the understanding of both the substantive nature of response styles and the cognitive processes underlying the Dark Triad of personality.

scholarly journals Mountain or Molehill? A Simulation Study on the Impact of Response Styles

2016 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hansjörg Plieninger
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Response Style ◽  
Response Styles ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Item Response Model ◽  
Extreme Response Style ◽  
Extreme Response ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
The Impact

Even though there is an increasing interest in response styles, the field lacks a systematic investigation of the bias that response styles potentially cause. Therefore, a simulation was carried out to study this phenomenon with a focus on applied settings (reliability, validity, scale scores). The influence of acquiescence and extreme response style was investigated, and independent variables were, for example, the number of reverse-keyed items. Data were generated from a multidimensional item response model. The results indicated that response styles may bias findings based on self-report data and that this bias may be substantial if the attribute of interest is correlated with response style. However, in the absence of such correlations, bias was generally very small, especially for extreme response style and if acquiescence was controlled for by reverse-keyed items. An empirical example was used to illustrate and validate the simulations. In summary, it is concluded that the threat of response styles may be smaller than feared.

scholarly journals Kernel Causality Among Teacher Self-Efficacy, Job Satisfaction, School Climate, and Workplace Well-Being and Stress in TALIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Zhang ◽  
Chunyang Zhao ◽  
Yuqiao Xu ◽  
Shanhuai Liu ◽  
Zhihui Wu
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
School Climate ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Response Style ◽  
Extreme Response Style ◽  
Extreme Response ◽  
Teacher Self Efficacy

Teachers play an important role in the educational system. Teacher self-efficacy, job satisfaction, school climate, and workplace well-being and stress are four individual characteristics shown to be associated with tendency to turnover. In this article, data from the Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) 2018 teacher questionnaire are analyzed, with the goal to understand the interplay amongst these four individual characteristics. The main purposes of this study are to (1) measure extreme response style for each scale using unidimensional nominal response models, and (2) investigate the kernel causal paths among teacher self-efficacy, job satisfaction, school climate, and workplace well-being and stress in the TALIS-PISA linked countries/economies. Our findings support the existence of extreme response style, the rational non-normal distribution assumption of latent traits, and the feasibility of kernel causal inference in the educational sector. Results of the present study inform the development of future correlational research and policy making in education.

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