Target Uncertainty in Applied Visual Search

1976 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 607-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy H. Monk
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Search Time ◽  
Target Position ◽  
Target Uncertainty ◽  
Single Dimension ◽  
Fixed Order

Target uncertainty was studied in an applied type of task with non-alphanumeric material and no fixed order of scanning. Targets varied from non-targets along a single dimension. Target uncertainty was found to produce a 9.5% increase in search time and did not interact with either target difficulty or target position.

Visual Search and Industrial Inspection

1976 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
E.D. Megaw ◽  
J. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Sheet Material ◽  
Target Position ◽  
Search Strategies ◽  
Position Effects ◽  
Target Uncertainty ◽  
Industrial Inspection ◽  
Series Of Experiments

In a series of experiments which simulated the inspection of sheet material and simple items, target uncertainty was found in several cases to have a significant effect on search times. The distributions of search times and the numerous occurrences of target position effects confirmed that search strategies were not entirely random. By recording eye-movements, subjects were found to employ very different search strategies which highlighted the problem encountered when attempting to infer search strategies based exclusively on search times.

Effects of Image Segmentation and Target Number on Visual Search: An Eye-Tracking Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 1987-1991
Author(s):  
Kaifeng Liu ◽  
Calvin Ka-lun Or
Keyword(s):  
Image Segmentation ◽  
Visual Search ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Fixation Duration ◽  
Search Time ◽  
Search Performance ◽  
Target Number ◽  
Lower Accuracy ◽  
Time Accuracy

This is an eye-tracking study examining the effects of image segmentation and target number on visual search performance. A two-way repeated-measures computer-based visual search test was used for data collection. Thirty students participated in the test, in which they were asked to search for all of the Landolt Cs in 80 arrays of closed rings. The dependent variables were search time, accuracy, fixation count, and average fixation duration. Our principal findings were that some of the segmentation methods significantly improved accuracy, and reduced search time, fixation count, and average fixation duration, compared with the no-segmentation condition. Increased target number was found to be associated with longer search time, lower accuracy, more fixations, and longer average fixation duration. Our study indicates that although visual search tasks with multiple targets are relatively difficult, the visual search accuracy and efficiency can potentially be improved with the aid of image segmentation.

scholarly journals Spatial Auditory Cueing for a Dynamic Three-Dimensional Virtual Reality Visual Search Task

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 1766-1770
Author(s):  
Rachel J. Cunio ◽  
David Dommett ◽  
Joseph Houpt
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Visual Search ◽  
Visual System ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Visual Awareness ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Search Time ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Search Performance ◽  
Auditory Cues

Maintaining spatial awareness is a primary concern for operators, but relying only on visual displays can cause visual system overload and lead to performance decrements. Our study examined the benefits of providing spatialized auditory cues for maintaining visual awareness as a method of combating visual system overload. We examined visual search performance of seven participants in an immersive, dynamic (moving), three-dimensional, virtual reality environment both with no cues, non-masked, spatialized auditory cues, and masked, spatialized auditory cues. Results indicated a significant reduction in visual search time from the no-cue condition when either auditory cue type was presented, with the masked auditory condition slower. The results of this study can inform attempts to improve visual search performance in operational environments, such as determining appropriate display types for providing spatial information.

Field Dependence and Driver Visual Search Behavior

1978 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 553-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Shinar ◽  
Edward D. McDowell ◽  
Nick J. Rackoff ◽  
Thomas H. Rockwell
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Visual Search ◽  
Field Dependence ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Search Time ◽  
Search Behavior ◽  
Search Pattern ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
On The Road

This paper reports on two studies that examined the relationship between field dependence and on-the-road visual search behavior. In the first study, concerned with eye movements in curve negotiation, it was found that field-dependent subjects have a less effective visual search pattern. In the second study, young and aged drivers were compared on several information processing tasks and on their ability to maintain their eyes closed part of the time while driving. Of the various information processing tasks, only field dependence and visual search time correlated significantly with the mean time the drivers needed to maintain their eyes open while driving, Together the two studies indicate that field dependent subjects require more time to process the available visual information and are less effective in their visual search pattern.

Selective impairment in effortful information processing in major depression

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 954-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Åsa Hammar ◽  
Anders Lund ◽  
Kenneth Hugdahl
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Visual Search ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Search Time ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Impaired Performance ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Automatic Information ◽  
Healthy Control

AbstractAutomatic and effortful information processing in depressed patients was investigated by a visual search paradigm, in order to examine dysfunctional effortful processing in depressed patients. Twenty-one patients with major depression, according to the DSM–IV, and with a moderate depression measured by the Hamilton Rating Scale score at >18 participated in the study. The healthy control group was matched for age, gender, and level of education. Half of the trials involved only one type of distractor, and the other half of the trials involved two types of distractors being presented. The results show that the performance of the depressed patients was equal to the control group when the target was easily recognized with only one type of distractor present. However, when target detection required a more difficult and complex attentive search strategy, effortful information processing, the depressed patients needed longer visual search time compared to the controls. Depressed patients seem to have impaired performance on effortful but not automatic information processing. (JINS, 2003, 9, 954–959.)

Application of Tullis' Visual Search Model to Highlighted and Non-Highlighted Tabular Displays

1987 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1221-1225
Author(s):  
Pratapray (Paul) Thacker ◽  
T. S. Tullis ◽  
A. J. G. Babu
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Search Time ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Search Model ◽  
Information Density ◽  
Series Of Experiments

This paper presents a comparison of experimental results with predictions obtained from Tullis' (1984) model of search times for tabular displays. Three levels of information density for displays with and without highlighting were used in a series of experiments. The highlighting of information was done by adding graphic boundaries (lines). Two levels of highlighting were used. A question-answer type of visual search was performed for two different tasks. The search time results are discussed and a method for utilizing Tullis' model for highlighted displays is suggested.

Disruptive Camouflage and Visual Search

1977 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 326-330
Author(s):  
John R. Bloomfield
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Search Time ◽  
Aerial Photographs

In two laboratory experiments, involving 282 observers and using aerial photographs, 155 camouflage conditions were evaluated. When compared with sixteen scenes containing un-camouflaged targets, 46 of these conditions produced significant increases in search time. On the basis of this research, several ways of delaying, or preventing altogether, the detection of ground tax-gets from the air are suggested.

Visual Search in Monkeys

1971 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 307-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Latto
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Target Stimulus ◽  
Search Time ◽  
Visual Display

6 monkeys were trained to search a visual display for a target stimulus. Their search time increased linearly with the number of irrelevant stimuli ( N) and at 60 msec./item was comparable to the performance of man on similar tasks. Error scores were not linearly related to N, nor did they change in a systematic way as N increased.

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