Does Health Reform Lead to an Increase in Early Retirement? Evidence from Massachusetts

ILR Review ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 704-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley T. Heim ◽  
LeeKai Lin
Keyword(s):  
Health Reform ◽  
Early Retirement ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Part Time Work

This article estimates the impact of the 2006 Massachusetts health reform on the decision of individuals to retire early. Using data from the American Community Survey that spans 2004 through 2012, the authors estimate difference-in-differences models for retirement using individuals from other northeastern states as the control group. The estimates suggest that the reform led women to increase early retirement from full-time work by 1.1 percentage points (from a base of 4.8%) and to increase part-time work by 1.1 percentage points (from a base of 30%). Though no significant effects were found for men overall, the estimates imply that the reform led to an increase in retirement and part-time work among lower-income men.

scholarly journals Labour Markets and Wages in Australia: 2010

2011 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Therese Jefferson ◽  
Alison Preston
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Labour Market Activity ◽  
Full Time Employment ◽  
Part Time Work

In this article we present data on earnings and hours in 2010 and, using data over a longer time frame, show how the character of the Australian labour market has significantly changed in recent decades. Among other things, we demonstrate a continued shift towards part-time work and, across full-time and part-time labour markets, a change in the distribution of jobs towards more highly skilled occupations. We continue to argue that traditional indicators of labour-market activity, such as headline unemployment and earnings in full-time employment, are only able to partially explain the health of the labour market. There is an urgent need to better understand other dimensions such as underemployment, part-time employment and part-time earnings.

scholarly journals You can't always get what you want: actual and preferred ages of retirement in Europe

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 352-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
NADIA STEIBER ◽  
MARTIN KOHLI
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Retirement ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Involuntary Retirement ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Using Data ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Part Time Work

ABSTRACTUsing data from the European Social Survey fielded in 2010/11, this study presents new evidence on retirement preferences in Europe. It investigates retirees'preferred and actual ages of retirement, focusing on the retirement window 1995–2011. Moreover, it reports on the prevalence of mismatch in the form ofinvoluntary retirement(retiring earlier than preferred) andinvoluntary work(retiring later than preferred). The study identifies substantial shares of retirees who are affected by a mismatch between their preferred and actual ages of retirement. In the majority of the countries analysed, at least 30 per cent of retirees would have preferred to continue working past the age at which they retired, while in a number of countries sizeable shares of retirees report involuntary work. The risk factors for involuntary retirement include the experience of late-career job loss, unemployment, job exits for health reasons and, in the case of women, working in higher-status occupations. The risk factors for involuntary work include fatherhood and, in the case of women, part-time work. As a result of rising actual ages of retirement, the risk of involuntary retirement has decreased for more recent retirement cohorts, while due to pension reforms that have tightened eligibility rules for early retirement, men's risk of involuntary work has increased. However, involuntary retirement is still more prevalent than involuntary work.

Under-employment to drive the West's wages and policy

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Blue Collar ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Job Seekers ◽  
Job Market ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Part Time Work

Subject The impact of working less hours on policy. Significance Part-time work is increasing across the advanced economies, including those working part time but wanting full-time work. Initially this seemed to be a distinctly Japanese problem, but it is now being recognised as a more widespread source of stagnant wages, blue-collar despair and populist politics. Impacts Weak demand since 2008 has allowed more firms to offer fewer hours to desperate job seekers, giving the under-employment trend momentum. Japan has changed its labour laws and broken down norms attached to the content of a job since the 1990s; other countries will follow. Convenience and lower wages drive firms to include under-employed workers in their workforce; only a tighter job market will end this.

scholarly journals Negotiation Issues for Part-Time Workers : The Impact of Occupation

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isik Urla Zeytinoglu
Keyword(s):  
Full Time ◽  
Collective Agreements ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Negotiation Issue ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Part Time Work

Focusing on 117 union locals that had collective agreements for part-time and full-time workers in Ontario, this study showed that negotiation issues varied for part-time workers depending on their occupation. Those in non-professional occupations wanted to limit the number or percentage of part-time work in their bargaining units, while for professionals this was an unimportant negotiation issue. Negotiating the same wages and benefits for part-time and full-time workers, and equality in filling full-time vacancies, were similarly important for both groups of workers.

The Rise of Part-time Employment in Canadian Christian Churches

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 356-377
Author(s):  
Sam Reimer ◽  
Rick Hiemstra
Keyword(s):  
Full Time ◽  
Secularization Theory ◽  
Christian Churches ◽  
Protestant Churches ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Institutional Participation ◽  
Part Time Work

Using data from Canada Revenue Agency’s charitable status (T3010) forms, this article demonstrates the increase in part-time staffing among Canada’s Christian churches over a nine-year period. The growth of part-time staffing and the decline of full-time staffing reflect the declining institutional participation and declining incomes of Catholic and Protestant churches. However, our data suggest that staffing changes are not simply due to tighter budgets, but mirror a societal trend toward part-time work, or the “feminization” of labour norms. We reflect on the implications of this change for clergy and other congregational staff, for churches, and for secularization theory.

scholarly journals What Are the Benefits of Having More Female Leaders? Evidence from the Use of Part-Time Work in Italy

ILR Review ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 897-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Devicienti ◽  
Elena Grinza ◽  
Alessandro Manello ◽  
Davide Vannoni
Keyword(s):  
Firm Heterogeneity ◽  
Business Leaders ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Female Leaders ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Female Managers ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Part Time Work

Using three waves of a representative survey of Italian private firms, the authors explore the impact of female managers on a firm’s use of part-time work. Building on a literature that suggests female leaders display relatively more altruistic values compared to their male counterparts, the authors assess whether these differences manifest themselves in relation to working time arrangements offered by firms. Results, robust to controls for several time-varying firm-level characteristics and unobserved fixed firm heterogeneity, indicate that female managers are significantly more likely to limit the employment of involuntary part-time workers and correspondingly make greater use of full-time employees. Female managers also are more prone to grant part-time arrangements to employees who request them. Results also suggest that increasing the number of female business leaders may mitigate the problem of underemployment among involuntary part-time workers and contribute to the work–life balance of workers with child care or elder care activities.

scholarly journals The Nature And Consequences Of Part-Time Work: A Test Of Hypotheses

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce J. Eberhardt ◽  
Steven B. Moser
Keyword(s):  
Frames Of Reference ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Work Arrangements ◽  
Test Of Hypotheses ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Part Time Work

This study investigated hypotheses developed by Feldman (1990) regarding the impact of different types of part-time working arrangements on various attitudes, behaviors, and chosen frames of reference. Using data collected from 240 part-time workers employed by a supermarket chain, significant differences across the types of part-time work arrangements were found. For example, permanent as opposed to temporary part-time employees were more satisfied with and committed to their organizations. Further, students are more likely to consider themselves temporary and voluntary part-time employees than are non-students. Additional findings are discussed and needs for future research are noted.

The Politics of Part-Time Work: Gender, Employment Status, and Preferences for Redistribution

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-38
Author(s):  
David S. Pedulla ◽  
Michael J. Donnelly
Keyword(s):  
Employment Status ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Preferences For Redistribution ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Part Time Work

Abstract The social and economic forces that shape attitudes toward the welfare state are of central concern to social scientists. Scholarship in this area has paid limited attention to how working part-time, the employment status of nearly 20% of the U.S. workforce, affects redistribution preferences. In this article, we theoretically develop and empirically test an argument about the ways that part-time work, and its relationship to gender, shape redistribution preferences. We articulate two gender-differentiated pathways—one material and one about threats to social status—through which part-time work and gender may jointly shape individuals’ preferences for redistribution. We test our argument using cross-sectional and panel data from the General Social Survey in the United States. We find that the positive relationship between part-time employment, compared to full-time employment, and redistribution preferences is stronger for men than for women. Indeed, we do not detect a relationship between part-time work and redistribution preferences among women. Our results provide support for a gendered relationship between part-time employment and redistribution preferences and demonstrate that both material and status-based mechanisms shape this association.

The Effects of Part-Time Work on Women's Occupational Mobility in Britain: Evidence from the 1958 Birth Cohort Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. R20-R37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirley Dex ◽  
Erzsébet Bukodi
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Occupational Mobility ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Downward Mobility ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Part Time Work

The effects of working part time on job downgrading and upgrading are examined over the life course of British women born in 1958. We use longitudinal data with complete work histories from a large-scale nationally representative cohort study. Occupations were ranked by their hourly average earnings. Analyses show a strong link between full-time/part-time transitions and downward and upward occupational mobility over the course of up to thirty years of employment. Probabilities of occupational mobility were affected by women's personal traits, occupational characteristics and demand-side factors. Downward mobility on moving from full-time to part-time work was more likely for women at the top levels of the occupational hierarchy working in male-dominated or mixed occupations and less likely in higher occupations with more part-time jobs available.

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