Cotton Fiber Secondary Wall Development—Time Versus Thickness

1995 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 400-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.R. Goynes ◽  
B.F. Ingber ◽  
B.A. Triplett
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Fiber ◽  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Development Time

Secondary-wall development in the cotton fiber

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 858-859
Author(s):  
W.R. Goynes ◽  
B. F. Ingber ◽  
B.A. Triplett
Keyword(s):  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Cotton Fiber ◽  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Light Level ◽  
Cotton Fibers ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Ovule Development ◽  
Secondary Thickening

Secondary wall thickness is considered to be a function of maturity in cotton fibers. Normal fibers are formed from a single epidermal cell of a fertilized ovule. Development of these cells into fibers occurs in two, possibly overlapping, stages. Fibers begin to elongate at anthesis, and elongation continues for approximately 20 days postanthesis (DPA). As this elongation period ends, deposition of secondary wall begins, and continues for 25-30 days until the boll “matures” and opens. The exact period of elongation and secondary thickening is dependent on factors such as variety, growing temperature, and light level. Between six and nine weeks, wall thickening terminates as bolls begin to open.

A Quantitative Electron Microscopic Study of Changes in Microtubule Arrays and Wall Microfibril Orientation During in vitro Cotton Fiber Development

1992 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 561-577
Author(s):  
ROBERT W. SEAGULL
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Fiber ◽  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Fiber Development ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Cotton Fiber Development ◽  
Fiber Initiation ◽  
Microfibril Orientation ◽  
Wall Deposition

A quantitative electron microscopic (E/M) study of the changes in microtubule arrays and wall microfibril orientation has been done on in vitro grown cotton fibers. Microtubules change orientation during cotton fiber development. During fiber initiation and early elongation, microtubules have a generally random orientation. Microtubules re-orient into shallow pitched helices as elongation and primary wall deposition continue, and into steeply pitched helices during secondary wall deposition. Accompanying the changes in orientation are increases in microtubule length, number, proximity to the plasmalemma and a decreased variability in orientation of the microtubules. Based on these observations, three pivotal stages in microtubule patterns were identified during fiber development: (1) the transition between fiber initiation and elongation, where microtubules develop a shallow pitched helical orientation; (2) the transition between primary and secondary wall synthesis, where microtubules abruptly shift orientation to a steeply pitched helical pattern; and (3) early in secondary wall synthesis, where there is a four fold increase in microtubule number. Microfibrils exhibit changes in orientation similar to the microtubules; however significant differences were found when the precise orientations of microtubules and microfibrils were compared. During secondary wall synthesis, wall microfibrils exhibit some variability in orientation due to inter-fibril bundling, thus indicating that components of the wall may also influence final microfibril orientation.

scholarly journals Effect of Late Planting and Shading on Cellulose Synthesis during Cotton Fiber Secondary Wall Development

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e105088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Chen ◽  
Fengjuan Lv ◽  
Jingran Liu ◽  
Yina Ma ◽  
Youhua Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Fiber ◽  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Cellulose Synthesis ◽  
Late Planting

scholarly journals Genomics of Cotton Fiber Secondary Wall Deposition and Cellulose Biogenesis

2009 ◽  
pp. 385-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candace H. Haigler ◽  
Bir Singh ◽  
Guirong Wang ◽  
Deshui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Fiber ◽  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Wall Deposition ◽  
Secondary Wall Deposition

Changes in microtubule arrays during cotton fiber development

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 760-761
Author(s):  
Robert W. Seagull
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Fiber ◽  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Fiber Development ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
Wall Deposition ◽  
Secondary Wall Deposition ◽  
Microscope Slides ◽  
Serial Section Reconstruction ◽  
Cell Wall Deposition

Developing cotton fiber provides an excellent model system for the study of microtubule (MT) arrays and their involvement in cell wall deposition. The secondary wall of the cotton fiber is arranged in layers of parallel microfibrils, to produce a polylamellate configuration. Cortical MTs parallel microfibrils and undergo re-orientations which predicted new microfibril orientations. Previous studies describe the general relationship between MTs and microfibrils but provided no quantitative analysis of MT arrays. In this paper quantitative measurements of MT arrays were done during primary and secondary wall synthesis. Changes in the MT array accompany the shift from primary to secondary wall deposition.Fibers of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum, variety Acala SJ-2) were grown using ovule culture techniques. At various stages of development (days post anthesis, DPA) ovules with attached fibers were fixed in 0.1M phosphate buffered (pH 6.9) 1% glutaraldehyde for 1 h. After a 1 h wash, the fibers were post-fixed in phosphate buffered 1% OsO4. After rapid dehydration with 2,2 dimethoxypropane, cells were infiltrated with Spurr's resin. At this point fibers were removed from ovules and flat embedded between teflon coated microscope slides. Serial section reconstruction analysis of microtubule arrays was done as previously described.

scholarly journals Phylogenetically Distinct Cellulose Synthase Genes Support Secondary Wall Thickening in Arabidopsis Shoot Trichomes and Cotton Fiber

2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lissete Betancur ◽  
Bir Singh ◽  
Ryan A. Rapp ◽  
Jonathan F. Wendel ◽  
M. David Marks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Fiber ◽  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Cellulose Synthase ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Secondary Wall Thickening

scholarly journals Global identification of genes associated with xylan biosynthesis in cotton fiber

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Chen ◽  
Yanjun Guo ◽  
Li Chen ◽  
Xinli Gan ◽  
Min Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Fiber ◽  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Experimental Validation ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Expression Profile Analysis ◽  
Global Identification ◽  
Arabidopsis Mutant ◽  
Xylan Biosynthesis ◽  
Functional Orthologs ◽  
Cell Wall Architecture

Abstract Background: Mature cotton fiber secondary wall comprises largely of cellulose (>90%) and small amounts of xylan and lignin. Little is known about the cotton fiber xylan biosynthesis by far. Results: To comprehensively survey biosynthetic enzymes involved in xylan biosynthesis in cotton fiber, the combination of the phylogenetic analysis with expression profile analysis and co-expression analyses allowed us to identify five IRX9, five IRX10, one IRX14, six IRX15, two FRA8, one PARVUS, eight GUX, four GXM, two RWA, two AXY9, 13 TBL genes. In addition, we also identified two GT61 members, two GT47 members, and two DUF579 family members whose homologs in Arabidopsis were not functionally characterized. These 55 genes were regarded as the most probable genes to be involved in fiber xylan biosynthesis. Further experimental validation of one IRX10 like and two FRA8 related genes by complementation analysis indicated that these three genes are able to partially recover the irregular xylem phenotype conferred by the xylan deficiency in the respective Arabidopsis mutant. We presume that these genes are functional orthologs of respective genes that are implicated in GX biosynthesis. Conclusion: The list of 55 cotton genes presented here provides a solid basis to uncover the biosynthesis of xylan in cotton fiber, leading to optimization of the cell wall architecture for fiber improvement.

Fungal infection of seed: a source of cotton textile imperfections

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 976-977
Author(s):  
W. R. Goynes ◽  
B. F. Ingber ◽  
D. P. Thibodeaux
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cotton Fiber ◽  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Growth Process ◽  
Fiber Strength ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Cotton Textile ◽  
Primary Wall ◽  
Cellulose Production

Cotton seed develop within a thick-walled boll that is usually divided into three or more compartments called locules. The seed and fibers that grow within a locule are called a lock. An unopen boll is shown in figure 1. The cotton fiber is a single cell and develops from the epidermis of the seed. The cell wall, or primary wall, of the fiber, a complex mixture of cellulose, protein, waxes, pectins, and other plant related materials, elongates for approximately 17-25 days. Completion of this elongation is overlapped by the beginning of secondary wall synthesis which deposits successive layers of cellulose inside the primary wall. This main body of the fiber is composed almost entirely of cellulose. Production of a commercially useful fiber depends on the completion of this secondary wall development since it provides both fiber strength and dyeability. If this growth process is inhibited at any stage, less mature fibers with thin secondary walls are produced, and if it is interrupted before secondary wall production begins, undeveloped fibers are produced that can cause problems during processing into textiles.

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