A Study of the Alcohol Policy Development Process in the United States: Theory, Goals, and Methods

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas K. Greenfield ◽  
Norman Giesbrecht ◽  
Lee Ann Kaskutas ◽  
Suzanne Johnson ◽  
Lynn Kavanagh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Development Process ◽  
The United States ◽  
Alcohol Policy ◽  
Policy Development Process

The Alcohol Policy Development Process: Policymakers Speak

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas K. Greenfield ◽  
Suzanne P. Johnson ◽  
Norman Giesbrecht
Keyword(s):  
Policy Development ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Alcohol Policy ◽  
Policy Development Process

A Comparative Study of Pharmaceutical Incentives to Patents in India, USA and Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 07 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renu Kadian ◽  
Arun Nanda
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Development Process ◽  
The United States ◽  
Drug Development Process ◽  
Data Exclusivity ◽  
Patent Term

Background:: Protection of Intellectual Property Rights is a clear incentive to innovations; yet, several countries have provided further incentives to patents in pharmaceuticals because the full patent term of 20 years is largely exhausted, before marketing authorization. Objective:: The purpose of this article is to describe the various incentives to patents in the form of financial support, data exclusivity and most importantly extended market exclusivities and comparison of various incentives to patents in the United States of America, European Union and India. Methodology:: The detail of incentives is collected from various articles, latest topics, books, and newspapers. Result:: These incentives create a positive surrounding to encourage the drug development process, strengthen economic growth and improve a balance between new pharmaceuticals in the market and access of that medicine to general public at a reasonable price. Conclusion:: European Union and the United States of America are leading in the field of incentives to patenting in phar-maceuticals as compared to India. Indian Patent Act, 1970, needs to be re-looked in terms of data exclusivity and patent term extensions.

Examining the Washington State Breastfeeding-Friendly Policy Development Process Using the Advocacy Coalition Framework

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 659-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley E. Steinman ◽  
Victoria Bradford ◽  
Emilee Quinn ◽  
Jennifer J. Otten ◽  
Jennifer McNamara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Policy Development ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Advocacy Coalition Framework ◽  
Advocacy Coalition ◽  
Policy Development Process

scholarly journals Exploring Equity and Inclusion in Malawi’s National Disability Mainstreaming Strategy and Implementation Plan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikenna D Ebuenyi ◽  
Emma M. Smith ◽  
Alister Munthali ◽  
Steven W. Msowoya ◽  
Juba Kafumba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Policy Development ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Strategy Development ◽  
Implementation Plan ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Policy Development Process ◽  
Inclusive Processes ◽  
Equity And Inclusion

Abstract Background: Equity and inclusion are important principles in policy development and implementation. The aim of this study is to explore the extent to which equity and inclusion were considered in the development of Malawi’s National Disability Mainstreaming Strategy and Implementation Plan. Methods: We applied an analytical methodology to review the Malawi’s National Disability Mainstreaming Strategy and Implementation Plan using the EquIPP (Equity and Inclusion in Policy Processes) tool. The EquIPP tool assesses 17 Key Actions to explore the extent of equity and inclusion. Results: The development of the Malawi National Disability Mainstreaming Strategy and Implementation Plan was informed by a desire to promote the rights, opportunities and wellbeing of persons with disability in Malawi. The majority (58%) of the Key Actions received a rating of three, indicating evidence of clear, but incomplete or only partial engagement of persons with disabilities in the policy process. Three (18%) of the Key Actions received a rating of four indicating that all reasonable steps to engage in the policy development process were observed. Four (23%) of the Key Actions received a score five indicating a reference to Key Action in the core documents in the policy development process. Conclusion: The development of disability policies and associated implementation strategies requires equitable and inclusive processes that consider input from all stakeholders especially those whose wellbeing depend on such policies. It is pivotal for government and organisations in the process of policy or strategy development and implementation, to involve stakeholders in a virtuous process of co-production – co-implementation – co-evaluation, which may strengthen both the sense of inclusion and the effectiveness of the policy life-cycle.

Introduction: Vitality of Heritage Languages in the United States: The Role of Capacity, Opportunity, and Desire

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. i-viii
Author(s):  
Joseph Lo Bianco ◽  
Joy Kreeft Peyton
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
National Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Minority Languages ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Heritage Languages ◽  
Development Opportunity ◽  
Intergenerational Connections

A framework to examine vitality of languages in a specific context, developed by Francois Grin and elaborated by Joseph Lo Bianco, specifies that three conditions are necessary for language vitality and revitalization: Capacity Development, Opportunity Creation, and Desire (COD). This framework was developed as a tool to help communities and governments support regional and minority languages and to promote policy development at the national level related to language revitalization and use. The framework is used in this issue as a guide for examining the vitality of languages spoken in the United States as “heritage” languages, which are spoken by individuals who have home, community, and intergenerational connections with the languages as well as some proficiency in them.

The Impact of the Official Information Act 1982 on the Policy Development Process

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Edward H. Poot
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Development Process ◽  
The Core ◽  
Maximum Benefit ◽  
Policy Development Process ◽  
Good Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Participation Theory ◽  
Official Information

<p>The Official Information Act was passed into statute in 1982. Among the purposes of the Act is the enhancement and respect for the law and the promotion of good government. The aim of this paper is to detennine, from a participation perspective, the impact of the Official Information Act 1982 on the core public sector policy process. The paper starts with a background to the Act before reviewing the expected and actual impact of the Act, as outlined in the literature. The policy making process in New Zealand' s core public sector is considered, highlighting opportunities for participation. Participation theory is discussed.  The research involves a survey across the core public sector to gain general views of the impact of the Act on the policy development process. The results are used as the basis for three in-depth case studies of core public sector agencies. The conclusions are that while the Act is an important instrument of accountability, the success of the Act in enabling more effective participation is not so clear. While information is more readily obtainable, technocratic officials and Ministers keen to control information impact on the ability of citizens to participate. It is concluded that for the Act to be of maximum benefit education of officials and a loosening on the control of information will be needed.</p>

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