Trafficking in Human Beings for the Purpose of Labour Exploitation

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 318-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Planitzer
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Labour Exploitation ◽  
Modern Slavery ◽  
Trafficking In Human Beings

This article gives an overview of current legal initiatives for enhanced transparency regulations for corporations and the actions they take against trafficking in human beings (THB). The California Transparency in Supply Chains Act (CTSCA) has an influence on legal initiatives in Europe, in particular in the United Kingdom. The UK's Modern Slavery Act includes the obligation for corporations to report on actions taken against THB and slavery. In addition, at the European Union level, measures to enhance obligatory reporting on non-fnancial matters, such as human rights matters, are to be implemented in national legislation in the next years. This article compares the California Transparency in Supply Chains Act with the UK's Modern Slavery Act. In order to decrease exploitation along the supply chain, the article concludes that legislation should not only require obligatory reporting but also oblige corporations to implement measures to prevent THB related to their activities.

scholarly journals REGIONAL EXPANSION, IDENTITY CRISIS AND THE PARADOX OF HUMAN RIGHTS ENFORCEMENT IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fajar Muhammad Nugraha
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Identity Crisis ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Territorial Expansion ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Eu

The EU is very concerned with the implementation of Human Rights, so it has become the basic value and the main terms in its membership1. The EU's desire toexpand the territorial prompts efforts to discipline the implementation of Human Rights is intensified in order to increase the number of members. However, individual identity, how one defines itself as a nation, and freedom of expression are also major points in Human Rights. This is clearly a major obstacle that unknowingly appears in the territorial expansion efforts being undertaken by the European Union. The most obvious and most recent example is the occurrence of Brexit through the EU referendum in June 2016 which resulted in the United Kingdom having to quit the EU membership. This is a major blow to the EU, because in the course of territorial expansion, the EU would have to lose one of its larger member states. This paper discusses the paradox of the virtue of Human Rights as a value that is upheld within the EU and the freedom of individuals and nations in defining themselves, as well as an identity crisis which is beginning to undermine the comfort of life in society.

scholarly journals Integrating Human Rights and the Environment in Supply Chain Regulations

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 9666
Author(s):  
Almut Schilling-Vacaflor
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Global Supply Chains ◽  
Equal Weight ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Policy Integration ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Society Business ◽  
Legal Norms

To address the negative externalities associated with global trade, countries in the Global North have increasingly adopted supply chain regulations. While global supply chains cause or contribute to interconnected environmental and human rights impacts, I show that supply chain regulations often exclusively target one policy domain. Furthermore, an analysis of the first experiences with the implementation of the French Duty of Vigilance law, which covers and gives equal weight to environmental and human rights risks, reveals that the inclusion of environmental and human rights standards in legal norms is not sufficient to ensure policy integration. The empirical focus here is on the soy and beef supply chains from Brazil to the European Union (EU), and the findings rely on an analysis of legal norms and company reports, field research at producing sites in Brazil and semi-structured interviews with civil society, business and state actors. For analyzing the data, I draw on the literature on environmental policy integration (EPI) and apply a framework that distinguishes between institutional, political and cognitive factors to discuss advances and challenges for integrating human rights and the environment in sustainability governance. The study concludes that more integrated approaches for regulating global supply chains would be needed to enable ‘just sustainability’.

scholarly journals Trafficking in Human Beings in the European Union

SAGE Open ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 215824401455358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna M. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Trafficking In Human Beings

Migration as a Threat to International Security

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (32) ◽  
pp. 64-79
Author(s):  
Izabela Szkurłat
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Security ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
Trafficking In Human Beings ◽  
Illegal Activities ◽  
Forced Labour ◽  
European Immigration

The article presents migration as a threat to international security in the 21st century. The first part presents the problem of people migrating to Europe, including third-country nationals. It is shown that uncontrolled mass migration has forced European countries to provide budget, shelter and counselling for migrants. Furthermore, there were many cases when migration met with disapproval of indigenous people and fear of the impossibility of integrating different cultures and customs. European Union has introduced financial tools to support member countries in financing migration-related problems including the Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund; and the Internal Security Fund. The article also mentions the European immigration policy adopted in 1999. The second part of the article refers to negative effects of migration: trafficking in human beings and forced labour. It is shown that they are widely practiced. To eliminate illegal activities, actions, which the author describes, are being taken within Europe. Polish people have also experienced trafficking in human beings and forced labour abroad. Such crimes have been reported within Poland as well. Finally the author states that the security of the European Union is threatened not only by external migrants, but also by citizens who migrate internally.

scholarly journals The shift of the policy towards FDI in European Union: determinants and challenges

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (14) ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Borowicz
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Mergers And Acquisitions ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Transnational Corporations ◽  
Global Supply Chains ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The United Kingdom

Since 2016, a change in the policy on foreign direct investment (FDI) can be observed in the European Union. This change was significantly influenced by global processes, which resulted in a particular interest in direct investments carried out by transnational corporations from China, India or Russia. In particular, countries such as France, Germany and the United Kingdom, observed a significant increase in the number of mergers and acquisitions of domestic enterprises in 2010-2016. Therefore, in 2018 the process of creating a European Screening Mechanism was initiated, which entered into force in March 2019. At the same time, at the end of 2019, the outbreak of a COVID-19 virus pandemic stopped the process of further globalization by breaking global supply chains, and by restricting the flow of goods, people and capital. Keywords: FDI, screening mechanism, European Union, globalization, COVID-19.

scholarly journals Mandatory Human Rights Due Diligence in Germany and Norway: Stepping, or Striding, in the Same Direction?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Markus KRAJEWSKI ◽  
Kristel TONSTAD ◽  
Franziska WOHLTMANN
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
German Law ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Due Diligence ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Decent Work ◽  
Dutch Child ◽  
Human Rights Due Diligence

Germany and Norway are the two latest states to adopt laws mandating human rights due diligence by companies. Germany adopted a Law on Supply Chain Due Diligence (German Law) on 10 June 2021. 1 The same day, the Norwegian parliament passed a Transparency Act (Norwegian Act) requiring human rights and decent work due diligence. 2 Like the French Loi de Vigilance and the Dutch Child Labour Due Diligence Law, these laws provide further momentum for mandatory measures to promote corporate respect for human rights, including future regulations in the European Union (EU). While the aims are similar, the German and Norwegian laws contain certain important differences when it comes to the substance and scope of the due diligence requirement. In this context, adherence to international standards remains the way forward to ensure compliance with divergent requirements in different jurisdictions.

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