Regulating domestic and care work in Italy: Assessing the relative influence of the familistic model today

2021 ◽  
pp. 026101832110645
Author(s):  
Luisa De Vita ◽  
Antonio Corasaniti
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Care Work ◽  
Immigrant Workers ◽  
Family Management ◽  
The Public ◽  
Full Responsibility ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Partners ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Peculiar Case

The domestic and care sector continues to display some problematic aspects due to its complexity, especially in terms of regulation. Italy represents a unique and peculiar case, where domestic and care work remains firmly under the purview of family management, and the work itself is entrusted mainly to immigrant workers. This paper aims to investigate, through in-depth interviews with representatives of both unions and employers’ associations, how the key actors involved in regulating domestic and care work intervene, understanding what kind of measures they take and what systems of relations/exchange exist among the different players involved in this process. The research sought to map strategies at a more macro level. While some of the actions undertaken by the social partners seem promising, there is still a lack of full responsibility for care at the public level, with marked asymmetries with respect to both services provided and working conditions.

scholarly journals Social Construction of Masculine Women Identity

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.21) ◽  
pp. 326
Author(s):  
Zikri Fachrul Nurhadi ◽  
Ummu Salamah ◽  
Yully Destari ◽  
Novie Susanti Suseno
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Study Finding ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
The Public ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The Social ◽  
Community Environments ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
Depth Interviews

The purpose of this study to discover and reveal the social construction of masculine woman identity in terms of externalization, objectivation, and internalization. This study used a qualitative approach, with a method or theory of social reality construction of constructivism paradigm. Data collection was done through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and literature. The study finding showed that the social construction of masculine woman identity in terms of externalization is influenced by internal and external factors. Internal factor is influenced by a family that makes informants show the social construction of masculine woman identity to the public. While external factor is influenced by association with male friend and technological advances (mass media) that have contributed to the formation of character, appearance style, and feeling to others. In general, social identity construction of masculine woman constructs her identity in a way  showed that masculine woman does not always have a negative character. In this case, a masculine woman can survive and adapt to the family, campus and community environments. The research finding showed that appearance changes will only happen if there is a will from the masculine woman herself, and the comfort level of masculine appearance can not change the identity.  

“The Red Pastor”

Karl Barth ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 61-83
Author(s):  
Christiane Tietz
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Socialist Party ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
World War ◽  
God's Will ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Social ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World

The social circumstances in Barth’s new parish in Safenwil were shaped by the poor working conditions at the town’s two textile factories. Barth soon took public positions on behalf of the workers, what led to the public accusation of a “red Messiah”. He was convinced of the continuity between Jesus’s teachings and the goals of social democracy, becoming a member of the Swiss Socialist Party. During these years Barth’s friendship with Eduard Thurneysen deepened and their joint theological work began. Barth got to know Hermann Kutter and Leonhard Ragaz, the important Swiss religious socialists. The First World War and the support for that war among German theologians, including several of his professors, was a decisive turning point, leading Barth to conclude theologically that human beings should not identify any human cause with God’s will. In 1913, Barth married Nelly Hoffmann. During their time in Safenwil, they had four children.

Collective working conditions for everyone?! – Collective provisions with erga omnes effect and statutory extension of collective agreements from a German law perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-174
Author(s):  
Claudia Schubert ◽  
Laura Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
Collective Bargaining ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Social Partnership ◽  
Collective Agreements ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Partners

Not only in Germany but in many European states the level of coverage by collective agreements is declining. Since collective bargaining autonomy is based on the principle of voluntary membership, one of its weaknesses lies in the declining degree of organisation on both the employers’ and the employees’ side. In the long term, weak unions cannot ensure fair working conditions. As a result, collective bargaining agreements lose their inherent warranty of correctness. In the legal policy discussion, this has led to calls for the legislator. In response, in 2014 the German legislature passed the ‘Act to Strengthen the Autonomy of Collective Bargaining’ ( Tarifautonomiestärkungsgesetz) to lower the requirements for the extension of collective agreements and to introduce a national minimum wage. As this has not led to significant improvements, there are further-reaching proposals for the statutory extension of collective agreements. The extension of collective bargaining agreements to non-members does not strengthen the social partnership on the employee side. However, it is a legitimate means to avoid a race to the bottom in competing for the lowest social standard; extensions help in creating common labour standards as long as a sufficient margin is maintained for the social partners to negotiate sector-specific regulations and to shape working conditions. A legal system, which is based on rights of freedom and does not consider the freedom of association to be a solely goal-orientated right, offers limited options to strengthen the social partners through legislation. Extensions become increasingly difficult to justify, the higher the existing level of legal protection. Especially in countries with minimum wage legislation and a large amount of employee protection legislation the justification requirements increase. However, at least in Germany, to date the judiciary has not sufficiently considered these aspects. Even though international laws leave substantial freedoms to the states, all legal systems that are based on a strong and vital social partnership should be interested in obtaining and protecting the plurality of collective bargaining agreements. They should only lay down limits, where there are tendencies of eroding solidarity among workforces due to the parallel existence of several collective bargaining agreements. The associations themselves possess limited resources for extending their member base. Still, the more the individual can gain from association membership, the more likely employees and employers are to join their respective associations. Therefore, the state should demonstrate restraint regarding the regulation of labour conditions. However, such restraint will prove difficult for welfare states. Their governments will most likely opt to eliminate deficiencies through legislation, even at the price of further weakening collective bargaining autonomy. Compared to extensions, legal provisions have the disadvantage of being too general and less flexible because of the much slower adaptation process. Therefore, the main argument in favour of extensions is that they facilitate the differentiation of mandatory working conditions. To ensure their legitimation, a number of design options can be considered. Regarding this, neither European nor international law impose high requirements but existing differences between national legal systems demand custom-fit solutions.

Digital collaborative platforms: A challenge for both the legislator and the social partners in the Nordic model

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annamaria Westregård
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
New Economy ◽  
Labour Law ◽  
Collective Agreements ◽  
Employment Conditions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Partners ◽  
Security Regulations

This paper focuses on the specific problems in the labour and social security legislation as it relates to crowdworkers in the digitalised new economy, analysing their place in labour market, and especially in the collective agreements which are the standard means of regulating working conditions in the Nordic model. Sweden has a binary system where a performing party is as either an employee or self-employed. The law on working and employment conditions offers only limited protection to those on short, fixed-term contracts; instead, it is social partners that have improved crowdworkers’ conditions in some industries by using collective bargaining. However, there are no collective agreements in the digital economy, or indeed for platform entrepreneurs. The complications of the parties’ positions will be analysed, especially as platforms do not consider themselves to be employers, but rather coordinators of the self-employed. It is not only labour law regulations that are important to prevent precariat among crowdworkers. It is also very important that the social security regulations adapt to the new labour market as the social security legislation is an important part of the Nordic model.

German pacts for employment and competitiveness Concessionary bargaining as a reaction to globalisation and European integration?

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 026-044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heiko Massa-Wirth ◽  
Hartmut Seifert
Keyword(s):  
Collective Bargaining ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Institutional Factors ◽  
Collective Agreement ◽  
Work Organisation ◽  
Social Partnership ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Partners ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Works Council

This contribution deals with company-level pacts for employment and competitiveness (PECs) under the German collective bargaining system. Due to the introduction of collectively agreed opening clauses and the associated decentralisation of the collective bargaining system, the social partners at the company level now have greater opportunities to negotiate company-specific adjustments in the areas of compensation and working conditions. Currently, in return for – generally fixed-term – employer guarantees concerning location and job preservation, PECs have been negotiated in about one in four companies with a works council. The new ‘pacts’ increase internal flexibility in the firm by extending the leeway for a flexible adjustment of working time, work organisation and remuneration. A survey of works councils, conducted by the WSI, provides understanding of the economic and institutional factors which influence the spread and composition of these concessionary agreements. Alongside a commitment to social partnership on the management side, the presence of a sectoral collective agreement is an important prerequisite for ensuring, first of all, that the employer agrees to employment guarantees in exchange for the employee concessions and, secondly, that these management pledges are actually observed in practice.

Factual Conditions of Early Childhood Prosocial Development in the Arena Playing Facilities in the City of Padang General

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 00004
Author(s):  
Setiawati Setiawati ◽  
Jamaris Jamaris ◽  
Rusdinal Rusdinal
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Facilities ◽  
Prosocial Development ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
The City ◽  
Depth Interviews

This research is motivated by the low participation of parents in the development of children's prosocial activities in the arena of public facilities, which results in poor prosocial abilities of children. This can be seen from the behavior of early childhood who like to monopolize the game, not patiently waiting for their turn, likes to hit friends, and does not like friends, do not want to share and so forth. The purpose of this study was to describe the factual conditions of child prosocial development due to public play by the family so far. P.The approach used is qualitative with the type of case. The setting of this study was carried out in Singgalang Padang complex, while the research subjects were parents who brought their young children to play in public play facilities. Researchers were key instruments, and data collection techniques used participatory observation, in-depth interviews. Data analysis techniques using qualitative analysis. The results showed that parents had not participated in the social development of children in the public play arena. There are several reasons for parents why they do not carry out the prosocial development of their children, among them they argue that: (1) it is not yet time, the social development of children is done, because they are still too small. (2). Even if directed they don't understand, (3) there are parents who think that they don't know that social development needs to be done since the child is still small (4) There are parents who don't want to know about the situation and they are more focused on children themselves. Suggestions in this study need to provide information to parents or caregivers about children's social development early on in the public play arena.

A qualitative analysis of intellectual capital in social service non-profit organisations: A theory–practice divide

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 656-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Kong ◽  
Gaby Ramia
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Social Service ◽  
Public Management ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Future Research Direction ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Depth Interviews

AbstractThe paper contributes to debates on non-profit strategy, first by arguing that intellectual capital (IC) can be utilised as a non-profit strategic management conceptual framework and second by highlighting nuances in the meaning and significance of IC. In responding to the public management agendas of government, non-profit organisations (NPOs) have had to commercialise their strategies. On the basis of data from in-depth interviews with 35 senior non-profit managers across 22 large Australian social service non-profit organisations (SSNPOs), the analysis confirms that IC assists SSNPOs in managing the social–commercial divide, but that managers' understandings of the IC concept are often different to those contained in the IC literature. IC scholars suggest that IC is synergetic with its components being inter-dependent. The managers perceived that very few inter-relationships existed between IC components. Implications of the theory—practice divide for non-profit strategy are discussed. Research limitations and future research direction are presented in the paper.

Developments in household services in Europe: working conditions and labour relations

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sue Yeandle
Keyword(s):  
Collective Bargaining ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Labour Supply ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Partners

Drawing on a study of employment in household services in eight EU states, the article summarises some of the factors stimulating growing demand for these services, and argues that they are an important part of the necessary infrastructure of everyday life for Europe's citizens. The nature of the work performed by those working in this sector is analysed, and the important skills required of household services workers if high quality services are to be delivered are examined. The article concludes by drawing attention to the need for the social partners to address a number of urgent policy issues, including pay and conditions, the need for more attractive career structures and problems of labour supply, taking into account the particular challenges for both collective bargaining and regulation in this sector.

Rhythmanalysis: Rethinking the politics of everyday negotiations in ordinary public spaces

2021 ◽  
pp. 239965442110200
Author(s):  
Marie Gibert-Flutre
Keyword(s):  
Public Spaces ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Time Sharing ◽  
Temporal Dimension ◽  
The Public ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
The Social ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
Depth Interviews

The nature of everyday life in metropolitan public spaces is an unprecedented entanglement of activities, emerging from the presence of multiple actors competing for a limited space. Making sense of this complexity is a longstanding challenge in the social sciences: how can such a mesmerizing ‘urban ballet’ be explained in the absence of overall orchestration? I hypothesize thatthis urban rhythm – the temporal alternation of activities in the public spaces of a city – is not neutral, but reveals entrenched power relations which are renegotiated and reaffirmed on a daily basis. Building on the notion of rhythmanalysis, I develop a methodology combining a visual timeline called ‘urban tempo’ with in-depth interviews. I present a case study of a market in pericentral Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam), where local actors negotiate access to more or less valuable time slots and spaces throughout the day. I show that such negotiations pertaining to time result in a very practical sense in the production of ordinary public spaces. The findings reveal four types of actors, classified according to their negotiating power. Broadly, the rhythmanalysis presented here reiterates our understanding of power as relational, highlighting the unequal conditions of negotiations in public spaces at a micro-level. By adding a temporal dimension to the politics of the everyday, it also opens up a promising research agenda, inviting comparisons of ‘time-sharing regimes’ across metropolitan contexts.

scholarly journals Pola Hubungan Sosial Pengguna Kartu BPJS Kesehatan

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-427
Author(s):  
Djaenap Suma ◽  
M. Rusdi Maidin ◽  
Harifuddin Halim
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Depth Interviews

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami interaksi sosial antara pihak Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Ende dengan pasien dalam masalah kesehatan bagi pengguna kartu BPJS. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui pendekatan kualitatif-deskriptif, Data tersebut diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam dengan para informan, disamping studi dokumentasi dan studi pustaka. Penentuan informan dilakukan secara porposive sampling. Dalam hal ini adalah masyarakat pengguna kartu BPJS dan pihak rumah sakit yaitu dokter, perawat dan staf rumah sakit. Rumah sakit yaitu dokter, perawat dan staf rumah sakit. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa interaksi sosial pihak Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah dengan Pasien Pengguna BPJS Kesehatan adalah interaksi pihak Rumah Sakit dengan pasien pengguna BPJS dalam proses pemeriksaan kesehatan, interaksi pihak Rumah Sakit dengan pengguna BPJS dalam proses penyembuhan penyakit, dan interaksi pihak Rumah Sakit dengan pasien pengguna BPJS dalam pemulihan kesehatan. Kemudian kendala-kendala interaksi sosial antara pihak Rumah sakit Umum Daerah dengan Pasien Pengguna BPJS Kesehatan adalah kendala dalam proses pemeriksaan kesehatan, kendala dalam proses penyembuhan penyakit, dan kendala dalam pemulihan kesehatan. This study aims to understand the social interaction between the Ende Regional General Hospital with patients in health problems for BPJS card users. This research was conducted through a qualitative-descriptive approach. The data was obtained through observation, in-depth interviews with informants, in addition to documentation and study studies References. Determination of the informants was done by purposive sampling. in this case the public BPJS card users and hospitals, namely doctors, nurses and hospital staff. hospitals, namely doctors, nurses and hospital staff. The results of the study show that social interaction between the Regional Public Hospital and Patients using BPJS Health Patients is an interaction Hospital side with patients using BPJS in the process of health examination, interaction between the Hospital and BPJS users in the process of healing the disease, and interaction between the Hospital and patients using BPJS in health recovery. Then the constraints of social interaction between the Regional General Hospital and Patients Users of the Health BPJS are obstacles in the process of health checks, obstacles in the process of healing the disease, and obstacles in health recovery.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document