International migration narratives: Systemic global politics, irregular and return migrations

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olayinka Akanle
Keyword(s):  
International Migration ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Review Essay ◽  
Global Politics ◽  
Survival Strategies ◽  
Return Migrants ◽  
Migration Policies ◽  
Irregular Migrants ◽  
Migration Narratives ◽  
The World

International migration is one of the most discussed and controversial subjects in policies, programs, and practices. The discussions and controversies commonly revolve around issues of gains and/or otherwise of international migrations: to the world, to the sending and receiving countries, and to the migrants, for example. The objective ramifications of these issues, however, remain unclear in accounts, processes, and outcomes thereby leading to tangled and intellectually complicated narratives and deployments with different effects on international migration policies and practices. What is unclear includes how international migrations should be governed and narrated, how migrations affect development, and how migrants survive at destinations. International migration narratives fall broadly within pro- and anti-migration sentiments with different camps developing narratives to drive their own perspectives. Underlying these tangled perspectives are national, continental, and global orientations. This review essay examines the trajectories of common narratives of international migrations from the perspectives of key international organizations, renegotiations of survival strategies by irregular migrants, and the development experiences of return migrants, all of which will enhance our understanding of the contours and ramifications of international migration.

The autonomy of international organizations? The analysis of major powers’ influence over the World Bank’s aid policies

2021 ◽  
pp. 223386592110248
Author(s):  
Yooneui Kim ◽  
Youngwan Kim
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Development Assistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Official Development Assistance ◽  
Global Politics ◽  
Major Powers ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World

Are international organizations autonomous actors in global politics? This paper investigates whether and how major powers influence the World Bank’s official development assistance policies. Despite the World Bank’s attempts to maintain independence from its member states, we argue that major powers are still influential. Testing this expectation with the data of official development assistance provisions between 1981 and 2017, we find that the World Bank provides a higher amount of official development assistance to the recipient countries that receive a higher amount of such assistance from the major powers such as the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Germany and Japan. In addition, the World Bank is prone to provide a higher amount of official development assistance to the recipients that have a similar preference to the major powers. This study sheds light on the relations between major powers and international organizations.

scholarly journals Return migration and re-integration of returnees challenges in the origin country

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-24
Author(s):  
Alkida Ndreka
Keyword(s):  
International Migration ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Return Migration ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Return Migrants ◽  
Migration Policies ◽  
Cultural Aspect ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
Complex Process

Abstract Return migration, traditionally not a well-studied and often neglected area, is becoming an important component of the international migration debate. Reintegration is an essential part of return migration and identified as a complex process that is experienced differently by returnees. The adaptation of immigrants in the host country has been extensively studied, while much less attention has been paid to economic and socio-cultural reintegration and the difficulties return migrants face once they come back to their homeland. Especially children and youth born in destination countries with sociolinguistic and socialization difficulties face a particularly tough reintegration process. Theoretically, there is comprehensive literature focused on return migration and reasons for return, but less in return migration policies and reintegration process. Empirically, there is a lack of studies focused on the reintegration of returnees, particularly in the socio-cultural aspect. With increased attention to the importance of this process, many states and governments have established policies or programs to encourage the return of their citizens, and facilitate returnees’ successful and permanent relocation in the new society of the origin country. This paper aims to analyze theoretically and empirically the processes of reintegration of returnees in the origin country by identifying the challenges they encounter in the economic and social-cultural life of the origin country.

scholarly journals Political and institutional determinants of migration policies

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Toni Ricciardi ◽  
Sandro Cattacin
Keyword(s):  
International Migration ◽  
French Revolution ◽  
Domestic Economy ◽  
Economic Crises ◽  
Migration Policies ◽  
Effect Relationship ◽  
Institutional Determinants ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Migration

International migration is an especially important interpretive key through which to understand the long history of globalization. Over the last 20 years, an increasing number of countries have experienced a prolonged transition in the nature of the migration to which they are subject: countries that were historically lands of emigration are becoming lands of immigration. This chapter describes how migration and migration policies have changed over the last two centuries, especially in Europe. Until the French Revolution, Europe had considered immigration a resource and not a scourge, and European imperialism has probably sown the seeds of distrust and racism that continue to pervade the world today. European states have alternated between policies favouring the restriction and promotion of migration, depending on their own perceived economic and geopolitical needs. Paradoxically, periods of restriction, intended to protect the domestic economy, preceded economic crises. It is possible to trace a cause-and-effect relationship between restrictive policies and subsequent economic crises.

Interregionalism and International Relations

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 777-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edelgard Mahant
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Global Politics ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Regional Organizations ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
The World ◽  
International Phenomenon

Interregionalism and International Relations, Heiner Hänggi, Ralf Roloff and Jürgen Rüland, eds., Routledge Advances in International Relations and Global Politics; London: Routledge, 2006, pp. 364.How do we explain a widespread international phenomenon that only occasionally contributes to the geo-strategic or economic interests of the participating states? This book is about interregionalism, the international organizations and institutions that link regional organizations from more than one region of the world (as, for example, ASEM, also known as Asia-Europe Meeting) or that span across more than one region, such as APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation) or FTAA (Free Trade Area of the Americas). The fact is that few of these institutions have accomplished much in concrete terms, yet they continue to proliferate, as the four-and-a-half page list of acronyms at the beginning of this volume amply demonstrates.

Autocracy

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Frantz
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Global Politics ◽  
Survival Strategies ◽  
Single Individual ◽  
Political Survival ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
The World

Dictatorships have dominated global politics for hundreds of years, from the pharaohs of Egypt to the absolute monarchs of Europe. Though democracy has since spread to much of the world, about a third of today’s countries are still ruled by dictatorship. And yet, compared to democracies, we know very little about how dictatorships work, who the key political actors are, and where decision-making powers lie. Political processes are opaque, and information is often intentionally distorted. Political survival depends not on maintaining the favor of voters, as in democracies, but on securing the backing of a considerably smaller coalition of supporters. The absence of a reliable third party to enforce compromises among key players means that power-sharing deals lack credibility and the threat of forced ouster is omnipresent. Uncertainty pervades authoritarian politics.Modern autocrats respond to this uncertain environment in a variety of ways. They use political parties, legislatures, elections, and other institutions typically associated with democracies to lessen their risk of overthrow. Despite the façade of democracy, these institutions are key components of most autocrats’ survival strategies; those that incorporate them last longer in power than those that do not. The specific ways in which autocratic institutions are used and the extent to which they can constrain leadership choices to prevent consolidation of power into the hands of a single individual, however, vary enormously from one dictatorship to the next. Better understanding the conditions that push autocracies down a path of collegial versus strongman rule remains a critical task, particularly given that the latter is associated with more war, economic mismanagement, and resistance to democratization.

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