Gender Specific Emotional Responses to Anticipated Crime

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon C. Moore ◽  
Jonathan Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Dimensional Measure ◽  
Property Loss ◽  
Crime Types ◽  
Survey Responses ◽  
And Control ◽  
Specific Fear ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Personal Harm

In this paper multivariate analyses are used to test two hypotheses specific to the assumption that women are more fearful of crime than men. First, national crime survey responses to a global fear of crime question were analysed to assess whether responses to global questions were biased towards particular crime types. Results show that non-specific global fear of crime questions elicit responses most associated with fear of physical harm - explaining the persistent finding in previous research that women are more fearful than men. Second, a two-dimensional measure of fear of crime was derived from six crime specific fear of crime responses. Gender and control variables were regressed onto the derived measures of fear to test the hypothesis that dimensions of fear are gender specific. Results show that women are relatively more fearful of personal harm but no gender difference was found for fear of property loss. These data are consistent with a physical vulnerability explanation and, taken together, suggest that the irrationality hypothesis can be rejected.

Resistance and Reproduction: An Arts-Based Investigation into Young People’s Emotional Responses to Crime

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Dodsley ◽  
Emily Gray
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Cultural Criminology ◽  
Interpretive Phenomenology ◽  
Overlapping Spheres ◽  
Alternative Approaches

Abstract This paper reports on a qualitative study of young people’s emotional responses to crime, underpinned by cultural criminology and interpretive phenomenology. It uses alternative approaches to explore young people’s ‘fears’ of crime via the use of arts-based methods, specifically performative drama and focus groups. The rationale is rooted in young people’s voices being largely absent from fear of crime research and the increased movement towards a more creative and less prescriptive criminology. The findings point towards the value of such approaches and argue that young people’s emotions about crime become highly gendered and age-relevant in youth and have multiple, overlapping spheres that are culturally constructed, resisted and reproduced.

Residence-Based Fear of Crime: A Routine Activities Approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
pp. 1011-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yung-Lien Lai ◽  
Ling Ren ◽  
Richard Greenleaf
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Telephone Survey ◽  
Routine Activities ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Dwelling Unit ◽  
Routine Activities Approach ◽  
Specific Fear ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Most fear-of-crime research uses resident’s neighborhood as a key reference location to measure fear, yet the location effects of one’s own dwelling unit on crime-specific fear has not been explicitly studied theoretically in the literature. Drawing upon routine activities theory, this study undertakes an investigation into the levels and determinants of residence-based fear of crime across three racial/ethnic groups—Whites, African Americans, and non-White Hispanics. Data used in the analyses were collected from a random-sample telephone survey of 1,239 respondents in Houston, Texas. The results derived from factor analyses revealed that residents do distinguish between fear in the neighborhood and fear at home. Proximity to motivated offenders measured by perception of crime was found to be the most salient predictor of fear, followed by the measures of target vulnerability and capable guardianship. In addition, residence-based fear varies significantly across racial/ethnic groups. The significance of these findings and the policy implications are highlighted.

scholarly journals Mental Retardation: Early Identification and Prevention

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mr. Mubashir Gull
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
And Control

Mental retardation is a serious intellectual disability. The diagnosis of Mental retardation in a child can trigger a range of emotional responses in parents & across the whole family. Parenting a child with a Mental retardation is a very difficult task as lot of stress, frustration, and hopelessness is experienced by them. The need of the study is to determine the early identification steps and preventive techniques of the mental retardation so that immediate steps would be taken by the parents to prevent and control the disability.

scholarly journals Motivating and supporting young people to study mathematics: A London perspective

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamjid Mujtaba ◽  
Michael J. Reiss ◽  
Ann Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Teacher Factors ◽  
Material Gain ◽  
Mathematics Motivation ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Survey Responses ◽  
Support Students

This paper explores which classroom and teacher factors are associated with post-16 mathematics aspirations, mathematics intrinsic motivation, and mathematics self-concept. Few studies explore all three outcomes among the same set of students or make linkages across the factors that are important to these outcomes. The analysis is based on the survey responses of 761 Year 8 (age 13) and 715 Year 10 (age 15) students from 17 London schools as learners of mathematics. The analysis indicates that teaching for engagement is important for intrinsic mathematics motivation but not for future mathematics aspirations. In addition, students' emotional responses to mathematics lessons are important for their mathematics self-concept but not for future mathematics aspirations. Advice-pressure to continue with mathematics post-16, extrinsic material gain motivation, and mathematics self-concept underpin mathematics aspirations (even after controlling for the support students received from their families in mathematics attainment). The gender difference within mathematics self-concept among these young Londoners was higher than that found across England, although there were substantially fewer gender differences in relation to questions that explored students' perceptions of their mathematics lessons and teachers. The article concludes with some suggestions for both national and London policymakers because the study of mathematics is seen as of considerable importance to both young people and the economic life of the capital.

Revisiting Sex Offender Registration and Notification: Does Awareness Differ Across Community Type?

2020 ◽  
pp. 073401682097103
Author(s):  
John C. Navarro ◽  
Ethan M. Higgins ◽  
Kristin Swartz
Keyword(s):  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Sex Offender ◽  
The United States ◽  
Community Type ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Sex Offender Registry ◽  
Survey Responses

In recent decades, sex offender registry and notification has become ubiquitous across the United States. Although researchers have attempted to evaluate the awareness of registered sex offenders, much of this work has had a nearly unilateral focus on urban communities. In response, researchers have called for further investigation into whether awareness manifests differently across community type (suburban and urban). To address this question, we draw from two data sets. The first data set contains property data for single-family households sold in 2015 from a suburban county in Illinois and an urban county in Kentucky. The second data set consists of survey responses from 113 suburban and 171 urban county residents within 1,000 feet of the nearest sex offender that was delivered via a sequential mixed-mode design. In addition, we investigate whether awareness manifests differently across community type through a number of predictors (e.g., children in the household, education) and potential theoretical explanations (fear of crime, informal social control, and social cohesion). We find that community types do have differing levels of awareness and that varying levels of social cohesion may explain this difference. Implications are also discussed.

scholarly journals Gender role in vegetable production in rural farming system of Kanchanpur, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Joshi ◽  
D Kalauni
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Project Planning ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Land Preparation ◽  
And Control ◽  
Gender Specific

Agriculture is the primary occupation for the majority of Nepalese populace for their livelihood; the case is especially true for rural areas of Nepal. While both male and female engage in diverse agricultural activities, gender-specific roles in agricultural decision-making are significant. A survey study was conducted in three wards of Kanchanpur district (Majhgau-14, Bhuda-02, and Baghphata-19) to examine the gender-specific labor input in vegetable production activities. Eighty households were chosen by random sampling and a scheduled interview was carried out. Most of the activities such as fence construction, transplanting, fertilizer use, harvesting, cleaning, and grading were found typically female's responsibility. However, males were found dominantly involved in land preparation. Also, males were found to have relatively more access to, and control over farm resources and played dominant role in decision making than women. The findings of this study revealed that there are gender-specific domains in rural farming system. Therefore, there is a need to develop gender friendly technology and policy while formulating specific project planning and development efforts. SAARC J. Agri., 16(2): 109-118 (2018)

scholarly journals No Association between the rs1799836 Polymorphism of the Monoamine Oxidase B Gene and the Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorders in the Kazakhstani Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastassiya V. Perfilyeva ◽  
Kira B. Bespalova ◽  
Liliya A. Skvortsova ◽  
Assel Surdeanu ◽  
Aleksandr A. Garshin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Genetic Variant ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Healthy Siblings ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
And Control ◽  
Gender Specific

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are heterogeneous diseases that are triggered by a number of environmental and genetic factors. The aim of the current study was to investigate an association of the rs1799836 genetic variant of the neurotransmitter-related gene MAOB with ASDs. In total, 262 patients diagnosed with ASDs and their 126 healthy siblings were included in the present study. All individuals represented a Kazakhstani population. The distributions of the rs1799836 genotype were in accordance with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium among both cases and controls. No statistically significant differences were found in the allelic distributions of this polymorphism between ASD and control subjects (A/G: for males OR=1.11, 95% 0.59-2.06, p=0.75; for females OR=1.14, 95% 0.70-1.86, p=0.76). However, the increased score in the overall CARS was significantly associated with the A allele of rs1799836 MAOB for females (OR=2.31, 95% 1.06-5.04, p=0.03). The obtained results suggest that the rs1799836 polymorphism of the MAOB gene may have little contribution to the development of ASDs but may be involved in pathways contributing to ASD symptom severity in females. Further large-scale investigations are required to uncover possible relationships between rs1799836 MAOB and ASD progression in a gender-specific manner and their possible application as a therapeutic target.

From Community to Communicative Policing: ‘Signal Crimes’ and the Problem of Public Reassurance

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Innes ◽  
Nigel Fielding
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Police Practice ◽  
Disorderly Conduct ◽  
The Social ◽  
Crime Types ◽  
Social Scientific

In this paper the concept of ‘signal crimes’ is proposed to capture the social semiotic processes by which particular types of criminal and disorderly conduct have a disproportionate impact upon fear of crime. Drawing upon the wider social scientific literature on risk perception, a sense of how and why different crime types might be possessed of different signal values is provided and some of the implications for current police practice outlined.

Predicting Crime Rates, Fear and Disorder Based on Area Information: Evidence from the 2000 British Crime Survey

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Kershaw ◽  
Andromachi Tseloni
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
British Crime Survey ◽  
Crime Types

This study discusses methods for predicting local crime rates, measures of fear of crime and measures of disorder that are based on regression models which make use of local census variables and regional dummies. The crime types for which predictions are made are personal crime, total household crime, burglary and vehicle crime. The information on crime, fear of crime and disorder is drawn from the 2000 British Crime Survey. The local census variables (relating to postcode sectors) are drawn from the 1991 England and Wales Census. The results show that the modelling of measures of fear and disorder is more robust than the modelling of crime. Therefore, it appears more possible to predict types of area where concern about crime and problems of disorder are likely to be highest than to predict those areas most at risk of crime.

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