A Research Note on Delegation of Responsibility in the Observation of a Situation of Obedience to Authority

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphane Laurens ◽  
Floriane Hanzo ◽  
Pascal Morchain
Keyword(s):  
State Theory ◽  
Research Note ◽  
Attribution Of Responsibility ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Status ◽  
Obedience To Authority

The objective of the research described here is to discover whether the features of obedience must be present in order for responsibility to be so attributed or whether the status of the actors and the meaning of the situation are sufficient. In two studies, we present animation showing the movements of three geometrical figures. The subjects are asked to describe the action and to divide 100% of responsibility between the three figures. The first study, conducted face to face (22 subjects), shows that a figure presented as an authority as opposed to a person is seen to take on a determining role in the action and is attributed 40% responsibility (vs. 17.9%). A second study (92 subjects) confirms this mechanism when the figure is presented as having other resources at its disposal (hypnotism and manipulation). The status of the actors and the meaning of the situation are therefore sufficient to prompt the attribution of responsibility to the figure presented as having the resources. These results lend support critiques of the agentic state theory.

scholarly journals Transaksi E-Commerce dalam Perspektif Islam

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annisa Dwi Kurniawati
Keyword(s):  
Credit Card ◽  
Payment System ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Status ◽  
Almost All

Abstract: The development of technology flows is increasing. The internet, which was initially used by several groups as a medium for the transformation of scientific and academic data, has now been used in almost all aspects of people's lives, including e-commerce transactions. E-commerce transactions are transactions carried out without meetings between parties. By using e-commerce, many reservations are obtained from the seller or buyer. The convenience offered doesn't mean it doesn’t rise the problems. For Muslims, understanding the status of e-commerce transactions is important. E-commerce accepts payments with bai’s-salam, which is about non-related transactions and the suspension of goods for payments that have been hastened. It's just that if on Bai 's-Salam a face-to-face meeting is held for the implementation of sighat, it is different with e-commerce that communicate only through chat. E-commerce is permitted in Islam with a note that there is no riba ',gharar, maisir, etc. Therefore, if it is approved by the payment system on e-commerce, it is asked not to use a credit card to avoid riba’.الملخص: يشهد تطوير تدفقات التكنولوجيا زيادة هائلة. يستخدم الإنترنت في جميع جوانب حياة الناس تقريبًا ، بما في ذلك معاملات التجارة الإلكترونية، معاملات التجارة الإلكترونية هي معاملات تتم بدون اجتماع بين الطرفين .باستخدام التجارة الإلكترونية، الكثير من السهولة حصلت من البائع أو المشتري. يتم تقديم التسهيلات المقدمة. التسهيلات المقدمة لايمكن تسبب مشاك. معلومات المسلمين عن حالة المعاملة التجارة الإلكترونية شيء مهمة. التجارة الإلكترونية مثل بيع السلام هي عن العناصر فى المعاملات وتأخير القبض دفعت مقدما. إذا كان بيع السلام يتم عقد اجتماع وجها لوجه في تنفيذ سيغات تختلف عن التجارة الإلكترونية استخدام التواصل مع الدردشة. التجارة الإلكترونية مباحات في الإسلام مع ملاحظة عدم وجود عناصر الربا والغرار والميسر وغيرها لذلك ، إذا كانت مرتبطة بنظام دفع في التجارة الإلكترونية المستحسن عدم استخدام بطاقة الائتمان لتجنب الربا.. Abstrak: Perkembangan arus teknologi mengalami peningkatan yang masif. Internet yang pada awalnya digunakan oleh beberapa kalangan sebagai media transformasi data ilmiah dan akademik, kini telah digunakan di hampir seluruh aspek kehidupan masyarakat, termasuk transaksi jual beli (e-commerce). Transaksi e-commerce merupakan transaksi yang dilakukan tanpa adanya pertemuan antar para pihak. Dengan menggunakan e-commerce, banyak kemudahan yang diperoleh baik dari pihak penjual maupun pembeli. Kemudahan yang ditawarkan bukan berarti tidak menimbulkan masalah. Bagi kaum muslim, mengetahui status dari transaksi e-commerce merupakan hal yang penting. E-commerce  memiliki kesamaan dengan bai’ as-salam yaitu mengenai unsur-unsur terjadinya transaksi serta adanya penangguhan barang untuk pembayaran yang telah disegerakan. Hanya saja, jika pada bai’ as-salam dilakukan pertemuan face to face untuk pelaksanaan sighat, berbeda halnya dengan e-commerce yang melakukan komunikasi via chatting. E-commerce diperbolehkan dalam Islam dengan catatan tidak adanya unsur riba’, gharar, maisir, dsb. Oleh karena itu, jika dihubungkan dengan sistem pembayaran pada e-commerce, maka dianjurkan tidak menggunakan kartu kredit guna menghindari terjadinya riba’.

Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy among Patient Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (PLHA) Patients Visiting at Anti-retroviral Therapy Center in Pokhara

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 204-210
Author(s):  
Radhika Regmi ◽  
Sarita Karki ◽  
Saphalta Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Art Therapy ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
The Status ◽  
Western Regional ◽  
Therapy Center

The main objective of this paper is to assess the status of adherence to Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) among patient living with HIV AIDS (PLHA) patients receiving ART therapy. A crosssectional descriptive design was used to collect data from 326 PLHA patients. Data were collected through face to face interview among the attended in ART clinic western regional hospital, Pokhara. Participants aged 18 years and above and patient receiving ART at least for 12 months or more were included in this study. The collected data entered in Epi-data and analysis was done using SPSS. The age group of the respondents was from 18 to 70 years with the mean age of 40.29±11.84 (SD). Out of 326 respondents 55.2% were male and 59.8% were married. Forty percent of the respondents had no formal education and most of the respondents (60.4%) were unemployed. Majority (86.5%) of respondents were taking ART since more than 2 years of duration. Majority of the respondents (92.9%) had >95% adherence with ART while 7.1% respondents had non- adherence. The majority of the PLHA patients have more than ninety five percent adherences to anti-retroviral therapy. Some of them have still nonadherence to ART and the reason they claimed were forgetfulness during travelling and too long duration of treatment. It is recommended to promote awareness program related to ART therapy and importance of its adherence to their family member and community people

Buchan’s Domestic Medicine and Thomas Huggan, drunken surgeon of the Bounty

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 748-760
Author(s):  
Pieter van der Merwe
Keyword(s):  
Research Note ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
The Status ◽  
Maritime Museum ◽  
Unpublished Information

The sixth-edition copy (1779) of William Buchan's Domestic Medicine that belonged to Thomas Huggan, surgeon of the Bounty (d.1788 at Tahiti), has been in the National Maritime Museum since 1963. This research note comments on the implications of annotations in it, briefly considers its owner in the context of the status of naval surgeons at the time, and provides hitherto unpublished information on his prior career history and connections.

scholarly journals Interaksi Virtual Remaja Di Media Sosial

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Indrianti Azhar
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Virtual World ◽  
Symbolic Interaction ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Virtual Ethnography ◽  
The Status ◽  
Virtual Interaction ◽  
Media Interaction ◽  
Data Validity ◽  
Depth Interviews

The study is titled " Virtual Interaction of Teen on Social Media". The purpose of this study was to find out the meaning of Facebook social media for adolescents as a medium of communication in the virtual world, how teenagers express themselves through social media and show the symbol of virtual interacting contemporary teen-age.  The theory in this study is the symbolic interaction with the methodology of virtual ethnography. Techniques of determining informants using snowball technique that is through the recommendation of facebook users among adolescents aged 15-18 Years in Cilegon City. Data collection techniques are done by direct observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. While virtual ethnographic observations are done online and offline. Online observations of researchers interact with resource persons in social media, offline researchers face to face with sources. Triangulation of sources is used in the technique of data validity. The results of this study's first teenage interpreting Facebook as an entertainment, interaction and media interaction in the virtual world. Second, teenagers can express themselves through the status update activity with slang, upload photos with "contemporary" pose and intensity of interaction by chatting to forget the time, and the dependence of updates in social media facebook.

scholarly journals Words in Motion: Slurs in Indirect Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-166
Author(s):  
Maria Paola Tenchini
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Attribution Of Responsibility ◽  
Reported Speech ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Personal Commitment ◽  
The Status

Summary Slurs are pejorative epithets that express negative attitudes toward a class of individuals sharing the same race, country of origin, sexual orientation, religion, and the like. The aim of this paper is to show what happens in communication when slurs are reported. It focuses on the derogatory content of such expressions and on the persistence of their performative effects in reported speech. In this respect, the question concerning the attribution of responsibility for the derogatory content conveyed by the slurs is relevant. Indeed, reporting a slur involves quoting not only the content but also the speaker’s personal commitment and (negative) attitude. Different theories on the status of the derogatory component of slurs make different predictions about their offensiveness in reported speech and about the speaker’s “responsibility” for the attitude and feelings conveyed by that word, be she the original speaker or the reporter. The results of a questionnaire show empirically that no single theory can provide a conclusive statement on this matter.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF MENTORING STRATEGIES AMONG ACADEMICS

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-341
Author(s):  
Elizabeth I. D. OFFOR
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Current Status ◽  
State University ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Research Supervision ◽  
The Status ◽  
Research Networking ◽  
The University

Quality of research outputs by young academics in recent times in this country are less than expected. This could be as a result of extent to which young academics are mentored by the more experienced or exposed academics. This study therefore sought to evaluate/ascertain the status and strategies of mentoring young academics for research. This will expose whether there is need for policy decision making toward improvements. This evaluation study is aimed at ascertaining the current status and strategies involved in mentoring amongst academics. A sample of 160 participants (mentors and mentees) were drawn from 372 academics from 6 (six) out of 11 (eleven) faculties of Imo State University, Owerri using proportionate random sampling techniques. They were given a set of strategies to rate under a 4-point scale. The rating scale has 27 items clustered under four subheadings: general mentoring, research teaching, research supervision and research networking. The reliability of the instrument was determined using Cronbach alpha and found to be 0.694. The instrument was administered face to face and this enabled the researcher to augment the scale with oral interview in which the respondents were asked to express their personal views about mentoring in the university. Mean and standard deviation scores, z-test and ANOVA F-test were the methods of data analyses. Results show that the mentoring strategies were largely informal where the mentors and mentees are allowed to freely establish relationships which have inherent loopholes. It was recommended that there is need to strengthen mentoring through institutionalization.    

scholarly journals Collaborative Barriers Among University - Industry - Policy (U-I-P) Entities on Environmental Matters: A Case Study in Sarawak, Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 316-329
Author(s):  
Janice Manyie ◽  
Geoffery James Gerusu ◽  
Roland Kueh Jui Heng
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Success Factor ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Private Knowledge ◽  
The Status ◽  
Industry Policy ◽  
University Industry

Realizing the importance of practicing environmental concern, it is needed to understand the tools used to tackle the issues. In this study, university – industry – policy (U-I-P) entities collaboration is a significant approach that was viewed to be the success factor towards the efforts of tackling environmental issues. Collaboration work, which involves different entities benefit in a way that pushes the entities to move towards shared objectives and goals which is to improve the environmental condition. However, although the significance of U-I-P entities collaboration was known and the linkages among U-I-P entities has started, there are still limited information on the practice of collaboration specifically on the U-I-P entities linkage structures on environmental matters in Sarawak. Thus, there is a need to identify the barriers and success factor in order to develop successful collaboration. This study addressed the gap through a mixed method of qualitative and quantitative approaches which the data were collected from 199 respondents based on a face to face interview using structured questionnaires in the major divisions of Sarawak. Drawing from a large scale of study, the study explores the status of collaboration and the barriers of collaboration in Sarawak. Findings indicated that cost, private knowledge and knowledge barrier to be a major hurdle that inhibit the development of collaboration. The assessment suggested that more efforts to increase awareness on collaboration be disseminated.

scholarly journals ICT and Agriculture Development A Farm Level Case of Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meera Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Smart Phone ◽  
Knowledge Gain ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Information Need ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Status ◽  
Key Informant Interview ◽  
Agriculture Development

The main objective of this research is to assess the status of satisfaction level of ICT   use for knowledge gain and skill adoption on Agriculture Information need and its use for sustainable agriculture transformation towards derivation of market. For this purpose Dhaitar Bhanjhang  Mahadevsthan 2 Mmahadevsthan and Patlekhet-8 Kalchebesi VDC’s of  Kavrepalanchowk out of seventy seven districts is selected.  Information’s were collected from a purposive sample of 98 farmers during January 2017. Four methods were used in the process of finalizing data collection instruments. Information were collected through  four  tools face-to-face interview by using personal interview schedule, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), key-informant interview (KII) and consultation with experts from public and NGO sector extension service providers,   A sample 98 was purposively selected due to the nature of research. Likert scales were developed and used in order to measure the concerned variables. Correlation test was used to ascertain the relationships between the concerned variables. More than one third (37.3 percent) of the farmers were found to use mobile phones for receiving agricultural information, while 21.3 percent used internet facilities provided by  national and international  web media. Only 2 percent farmers were found having use of smart phone. The use of ICT is used mainly in the case of market derived vegetable production and its prices at different market. 

scholarly journals Are Dairy Farmers of Haor (Wetland) Areas Food Secured?

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Sree Shawon Chokraborti ◽  
Md. Abdul Baset ◽  
Abdullah Al Zabir ◽  
Md. Ariful Islam
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Status ◽  
Security Index ◽  
The Government ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

The present study was conducted to assess food security the status of dairy farmers in haor areas of Sunamganj district, Bangladesh. Food security index and binary logistic regression analysis were applied to analyze the data and data were collected by face to face interview of randomly selected dairy farmers with a structured questionnaire. About 56 percent of the dairy farmers were food insecure as they took below 2122 kilo calorie per day per person and rest 44 percent was food secure. Occupation and number of milking cows were found significantly interrelated with food security of dairy farmers and education was also responsible for the food security of respondents. So it may be concluded that the government and other developmental organization should take essential steps which will ensure better dairy farming to improve the food security condition of dairy farmer and help to keep the dairy sector alive.

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