The Acetabular Sector Angle of the Adult Hip Determined by Computed Tomography

1986 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Anda ◽  
S. Svenningsen ◽  
L. G. Dale ◽  
P. Benum
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Femoral Head ◽  
Hip Joint ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Joint Function ◽  
Axial Ct ◽  
Sector Angle

A new set of angles measured on standard axial CT images of the hip joint is defined. The angles provide information on the support of the femoral head from the anterior and the posterior part of the acetabulum. These angles have been measured in 82 adult hips, and correlated to a set of established parameters commonly measured at conventional roentgenography and on CT images of the hip joint. The defined angles may prove to be valuable in the total appreciation of hip joint function and stability.

scholarly journals Discrimination of Low-Energy Acetabular Fractures from Controls Using Computed Tomography-Based Bone Characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 367-381
Author(s):  
Robel K. Gebre ◽  
Jukka Hirvasniemi ◽  
Iikka Lantto ◽  
Simo Saarakkala ◽  
Juhana Leppilahti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Femoral Head ◽  
Acetabular Fracture ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Acetabular Fractures ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Femoral Neck Axis

AbstractThe incidence of low-energy acetabular fractures has increased. However, the structural factors for these fractures remain unclear. The objective of this study was to extract trabecular bone architecture and proximal femur geometry (PFG) measures from clinical computed tomography (CT) images to (1) identify possible structural risk factors of acetabular fractures, and (2) to discriminate fracture cases from controls using machine learning methods. CT images of 107 acetabular fracture subjects (25 females, 82 males) and 107 age-gender matched controls were examined. Three volumes of interest, one at the acetabulum and two at the femoral head, were extracted to calculate bone volume fraction (BV/TV), gray-level co-occurrence matrix and histogram of the gray values (GV). The PFG was defined by neck shaft angle and femoral neck axis length. Relationships between the variables were assessed by statistical mean comparisons and correlation analyses. Bayesian logistic regression and Elastic net machine learning models were implemented for classification. We found lower BV/TV at the femoral head (0.51 vs. 0.55, p = 0.012) and lower mean GV at both the acetabulum (98.81 vs. 115.33, p < 0.001) and femoral head (150.63 vs. 163.47, p = 0.005) of fracture subjects when compared to their matched controls. The trabeculae within the femoral heads of the acetabular fracture sides differed in structure, density and texture from the corresponding control sides of the fracture subjects. Moreover, the PFG and trabecular architectural variables, alone and in combination, were able to discriminate fracture cases from controls (area under the receiver operating characteristics curve 0.70 to 0.79). In conclusion, lower density in the acetabulum and femoral head with abnormal trabecular structure and texture at the femoral head, appear to be risk factors for low-energy acetabular fractures.

Results of applying minimally invasive two-stage decompression with bone alloplasty for avascular necrosis of the femoral head

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
A. V. ANTONOV ◽  
◽  
V. E. VOLOVIK ◽  
A. G. RYKOV ◽  
S. N. BEREZUTSKIY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Femoral Head ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Avascular Necrosis ◽  
Hip Joint ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Joint Function ◽  
Two Stage

Avascular necrosis of the femoral head is a complex medical and social problem. The rapid development of the disease, the complexity of diagnosis and the prevalence among young patients leads to impaired hip joint function and further disability. To improve the quality of life of patients, the Orthopedic Department of the Traumatology Center of Khabarovsk developed a method of minimally invasive two-stage decompression. Surgical treatment was performed in 30 cases in patients with ANFH of stages 0, 1, 2 (by ARCO). Evaluation of treatment results was carried out before operative treatment, after 6 and 12 months. 12 months after surgical treatment, positive dynamics was noted, namely, pain reduction, a walking distance increase, abandonment of crutches, opportunity to use public transport, ability to sit for a long time in one and the same position, to put on shoes, and the abandonment of constant intake of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The assessment of hip joint function in 20% of cases showed an excellent result, in 26,6% of cases — a good result, in 40% — satisfactory, and in 13,3% (4 people) — unsatisfactory result, which proves the effectiveness of the proposed treatment method and the feasibility of its use.

scholarly journals A novel mutation of COL2A1 in a large Chinese family with avascular necrosis of the femoral head

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeng Zhang ◽  
Kechao Zhu ◽  
Huiyong Dai ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
Changqing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Head ◽  
Avascular Necrosis ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Hip Joint ◽  
Bone Disease ◽  
Novel Mutation ◽  
Chinese Family ◽  
Heterozygous Mutation ◽  
Joint Function ◽  
Subsequent Loss

AbstractAvascular necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH) is a debilitating bone disease, characterized by collapse of the femoral head and subsequent loss of hip joint function. Heterozygous mutations in COL2A1 have been identified to cause familial ANFH. Here we report on a large Chinese family with ANFH and a novel heterozygous mutation (c.3517 G > A, p.Gly1173Ser) in exon 50 of COL2A1 in the Gly-X–Y domain. Previously, only five different COL2A1 mutations have been described in patients with familial ANFH. Therefore, our findings provide significant clues to the phenotype–genotype relationships in familial ANFH and may be helpful in clinical diagnosis. Furthermore, these results should assist further studies of the mechanisms underlying collagen diseases.

scholarly journals CT Diagnosis of the Fracture of Anterior Nasal Spine

2020 ◽  
pp. 014556132094267
Author(s):  
Tingting You ◽  
Yanjie Meng ◽  
Yonghua Wang ◽  
Haisong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Spine Fractures ◽  
Ct Diagnosis ◽  
Anterior Nasal Spine ◽  
Diagnosis Rate ◽  
Axial Ct ◽  
Missed Diagnosis ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: To study anterior nasal spine fractures, including the incidence, missed diagnosis rates, and relationship with shapes using computed tomography (CT). Methods: Two hundred cases of axial CT images performed for maxillofacial trauma were reviewed. The incidence, correct, and missed diagnosis rates of anterior nasal spine fractures were studied. The relationship between the fracture and the shape of the anterior nasal spine was also analyzed. Results: The rate of anterior nasal spine fractures was 22.00% (44 of 200). The diagnostic accuracy was 4.55% (2 of 44) and the missed diagnosis rate was 95.45% (42 of 44). The fracture rates of the double rod, single rod, triangle, and irregular anterior nasal spine were 33.85% (22 of 65), 32.26% (10 of 31), 12.24% (12 of 98), and 0.00% (0 of 6), respectively. The double and single rod types of anterior nasal spine were most likely to be fractured than the type of triangle (χ2 = 11.05, 6.67, P < .0167). No fracture was found in the irregular type of anterior nasal spine. Conclusion: Anterior nasal spine fractures are not rare and the high missed diagnostic rate results from unfamiliarity with the structure. Double and single rod types of anterior nasal spines are easy to fracture. Bony reconstruction and thin thickness of CT images are necessary for diagnosis.

scholarly journals A Case of Fracture-Redislocation of the Hip Caused by a Depressed Fracture of the Femoral Head Similar to a Hill-Sachs Lesion

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Yoshihiko Okudera ◽  
Hiroaki Kijima ◽  
Shin Yamada ◽  
Natsuo Konishi ◽  
Hitoshi Kubota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Femoral Head ◽  
Hip Joint ◽  
Hip Replacement ◽  
Posterior Margin ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Postoperative Course ◽  
Total Hip ◽  
Depressed Fracture ◽  
The Hill

The present case shows a case of fracture-redislocation of the hip caused by a depressed fracture of the femoral head similar to a Hill-Sachs lesion. A 59-year-old man fell from a roof and his left hip joint was dislocated posteriorly. He was admitted to a nearby hospital, and he was referred to our hospital more than 24 hours after injury. Computed tomography (CT) suggested a bone chip from the posterior wall of the acetabulum roof and a depressed femoral head that cut into the posterior margin of the acetabulum roof. Immediate manual repositioning was performed under general anesthesia on the same day. He left our hospital to go home on day 26 after repositioning, but his left hip joint was dislocated again when he went down the stairs. It was thought that this patient’s redislocation occurred due to a femoral head depressed fracture involving the same mechanism as the Hill-Sachs injury seen with dislocation of the shoulder. The remplissage method for the Hill-Sachs injury is difficult for the femoral head. Therefore, total hip replacement was performed, and the patient’s postoperative course was good. We conclude that total hip arthroplasty should be considered as one of the best treatment methods for such cases.

scholarly journals A Novel Mutation of COL2A1 in a Large Chinese Family with Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeng Zhang ◽  
Kechao Zhu ◽  
Huiyong Dai ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
Changqing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Head ◽  
Avascular Necrosis ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Hip Joint ◽  
Bone Disease ◽  
Novel Mutation ◽  
Chinese Family ◽  
Heterozygous Mutation ◽  
Joint Function ◽  
Subsequent Loss

Abstract Avascular necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH) is a debilitating bone disease, characterized by collapse of the femoral head and subsequent loss of hip joint function. Heterozygous mutations in COL2A1 have been identified to cause familiar ANFH. Here we report on a large Chinese family with ANFH and a novel heterozygous mutation (c.3517 G > A, Gly1173Ser) in exon 50 of COL2A1 in the Gly-X-Y domain. Previously, only five different COL2A1 mutations have been described in patients familiar ANFH. Therefore, our findings provide significant clues to the phenotype-genotype relationships in familiar ANFH and may be helpful in clinical diagnosis. Furthermore, these results should assist further studies of the mechanisms underlying collagen diseases.

Optimal parameters of abrasive flow finishing for hip joint implants

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440542199561
Author(s):  
Yahya Choopani ◽  
Mohsen Khajehzadeh ◽  
Mohammad Reza Razfar
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Femoral Head ◽  
Hip Joint ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Shape Deviation ◽  
Head Surface ◽  
Joint Implants ◽  
Finishing Processes ◽  
Abrasive Flow Finishing

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is one of the most well-known orthopedic surgeries in the world which involves the substitution of the natural hip joint by prostheses. In this process, the surface roughness of the femoral head plays a pivotal role in the performance of hip joint implants. In this regard, the nano-finishing of the femoral head of the hip joint implants to achieve a uniform surface roughness with the lowest standard deviation is a major challenge in the conventional and advanced finishing processes. In the present study, the inverse replica fixture technique was used for automatic finishing in the abrasive flow finishing (AFF) process. For this aim, an experimental setup of the AFF process was designed and fabricated. After the tests, experimental data were modeled and optimized to achieve the minimum surface roughness in the ASTM F138 (SS 316L) femoral head of the hip joint through the use of response surface methodology (RSM). The results confirmed uniform surface roughness up to the range of 0.0203 µm with a minimum standard deviation of 0.00224 for the femoral head. Moreover, the spherical shape deviation of the femoral head was achieved in the range of 7 µm. The RSM results showed a 99.71% improvement in the femoral head surface roughness (0.0007) µm under the optimized condition involving the extrusion pressure of 9.10 MPa, the number of finishing cycles of 95, and SiC abrasive mesh number of 1000.

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