Rectal Administration of Nifedipine: Haemodynamic Effects and Pharmacokinetics in Hypertensives

1987 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kurosawa ◽  
N. Kurosawa ◽  
E. Owada ◽  
N. Matsuhashi ◽  
K. Ito
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Rectal Administration ◽  
Haemodynamic Effects ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Hypertensive Emergencies ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
The Mean

The haemodynamic effects and pharmacokinetics of nifedipine suppositories, used mainly for hypertensive emergencies, were studied in 10 severely hypertensive patients. Following rectal administration, significant hypotensive effects occurred after 0.5 h and lasted until 7 h after administration. The mean (±SE) maximum decreases in systolic and diastolic blood pressures 1.5 h after administration were: systolic, 61.8 ± 7.9 mmHg ( P<0.001); and diastolic, 30.8 ± 4.0 mmHg (P<0.001). No serious side-effects were reported and heart rate did not change significantly. Mean nifedipine concentration in the blood peaked at 52.4 ng/ml, 1 h after administration and, after 7 h, was still 14.3 ng/ml which is higher than the minimum plasma concentration required for hypotensive effects to occur. There was a close correlation between nifedipine concentration in the blood and hypotensive effects. These results indicate that rectal administration of nifedipine should be regarded as a useful alternative treatment in hypertensive emergencies.

scholarly journals PO-186 Effects of Shaolin Ba Duan Jin on Hypertensive Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianfeng Hua
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Martial Arts ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Quality Of Life Scale ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Life Scale ◽  
Blood Pressures

Objective To investigate the effects of Shaolin Ba Duan Jin on patients with hypertension. Methods In the hypertensive patients detected in the national physical fitness test of public officials in Guiyang City, 40 patients with hypertension were selected. The experiment was started after Shaolin Ba Duan Jin has been practiced for seven days and the subjects had learned it. Experimental method: Frequency of subjects practicing Ba Duan Jin is 7 days a week, subjects practice once a day, practicing time is 6:00-7:30 am or 18:00 -19:30 pm, practicing lasts 1.5 hours each time (practicing has 3 groups, 14 minutes in each group；subjects rest 2 minutes between groups,；preparing part is 8 minutes；ending part is 5 minutes), record the blood pressure of the subjects before and after each experiment, and fill in the quality of life scale (WHOQOL-BREF scale) regularly for a period of 12 weeks. Questionnaire method: Fill in the quality of life scale every three weeks and measure heart rate and blood pressure before and after each exercise. Mathematical statistics: The paired sample t test was used to analyze the changes in blood pressure before and after the 12-week experiment. Results 1) The systolic and diastolic blood pressures of the subjects were significantly lower than before the experiment (P <0.01). 2) The WHOQOL-BREF scale after 12 weeks has improved significantly in all areas than before the experiment. Conclusions 1) Martial arts Ba Duan Jin has a good influence on the circulatory system of hypertensive patients. The performance is that the heart rate is slow and the systolic and diastolic blood pressures have a downward trend. 2) Martial arts Ba Duan Jin has significant improvement in the physiology, psychology, social relations, environment and other fields .

scholarly journals Effects of Clonidine on Withdrawal From Long-term Dexmedetomidine in the Pediatric Patient

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison B. Lardieri ◽  
Nicholas M. Fusco ◽  
Shari Simone ◽  
L. Kyle Walker ◽  
Jill A. Morgan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Withdrawal Symptoms ◽  
Intensive Care Patients ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Secondary Objective ◽  
The Mean

OBJECTIVE: To compare withdrawal symptoms among pediatric intensive care patients receiving clonidine to those not receiving clonidine while being weaned from long-term dexmedetomidine. METHODS: This retrospective analysis evaluated Withdrawal Assessment Tool-1 (WAT-1) scores and hemodynamic parameters in pediatric patients on dexmedetomidine for 5 days or longer between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2012. The primary objective was to compare withdrawal symptoms based on the number of elevated WAT-1 scores among patients on clonidine to those not on clonidine, while being weaned from long-term dexmedetomidine. The secondary objective was to describe withdrawal symptoms associated with long-term dexmedetomidine use. RESULTS: Nineteen patients (median age, 1.5 years; interquartile range [IQR], 0.67–3.3) received 20 treatment courses of dexmedetomidine for at least 5 days. Clonidine was received by patients during 12 of the treatment courses. The patients in the clonidine group had an average of 0.8 (range, 0–6) elevated WAT-1 scores 24 hours post wean compared to an average of 3.2 (0–8) elevated WAT-1 scores in the no clonidine group (p = 0.49). There were no significant difierences between prewean and postwean systolic or diastolic blood pressures among the 2 groups. The average heart rate during the postwean period was 112 beats per minute (bpm) (range, 88.5–151.5) in the clonidine group compared to 138.4 bpm (range, 117.8–168.3) in the no clonidine group (p = 0.003). In the clonidine group, the mean change in heart rate postwean compared to prewean was an increase of 3.6 bpm (range, −39.6 to 47.5), compared to a mean increase of 29.9 bpm (range, 5.5–74.7) in the no clonidine group (p = 0.042). CONCLUSIONS: There was no difierence in WAT-1 scores between groups, with the clonidine group displaying a trend towards fewer elevated WAT-1 scores during the 24 hours post dexmedetomidine wean. Patients who received clonidine had significantly lower heart rates than the no clonidine group.

scholarly journals Etorphine-halothane anaesthesia in two five-year-old African elephants (Loxodonta africana) : clinical communication

1999 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
G.F. Stegmann
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Loxodonta Africana ◽  
African Elephants ◽  
Clinical Communication ◽  
Dental Surgery ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Heart Rate

Anaesthesia of 2 five-year-old femaleAfrican elephants (Loxodonta africana) was required for dental surgery. The animals were each premedicated with 120 mg of azaperone 60 min before transportation to the hospital. Before offloading, 1 mg etorphine was administered intramuscularly (i.m.) to each elephant to facilitate walking them to the equine induction / recovery room. For induction, 2 mg etorphine was administered i.m. to each animal. Induction was complete within 6 min. Surgical anaesthesia was induced with halothane-in-oxygen after intubation of the trunk. During surgery the mean heart rate was 61 and 45 beats / min respectively. Systolic blood pressures increased to 27.5 and 25.6 kPa respectively, and were treated with intravenous azaperone. Blood pressure decreased thereafter to a mean systolic pressure of 18.1 and 19.8 kPa, respectively. Rectal temperature was 35.6 and 33.9 oC at the onset of surgery, and decreased to 35.3 and 33.5 oC, respectively, at the end of anaesthesia. Etorphine anaesthesia was reversed with 5mg diprenorphine at the completion of 90 min of surgery.

Ketanserin Alone and in Combination with Enalapril in the Treatment of Essential Hypertension: Assessment of the Haemodynamic Effects

1993 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-125
Author(s):  
O de Divitiis ◽  
M Galderisi ◽  
A Celentano ◽  
P Tammaro ◽  
M Garofalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricular Function ◽  
Ventricular Function ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Haemodynamic Effects ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Systolic Volume ◽  
End Diastolic Volume ◽  
End Systolic Volume ◽  
Blood Pressures

The antihypertensive and haemodynamic efficacies of ketanserin and ketanserin plus enalapril were compared. The monotherapy phase of the study involved the oral administration of 40 mg ketanserin twice daily or 20 mg enalapril once daily for 12 weeks to 25 hypertensive patients. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly reduced by both drugs. Left ventricular function both at rest and during effort improved significantly with either drug. This was due to a reduction of end-systolic volume; end-diastolic volume decreased only with the use of enalapril. Combination therapy, involving 16 patients and both drugs given at the original dosage schedule for 12 weeks, resulted in further reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and an improvement in left ventricular function; indices of diastolic function were not modified. In conclusion, ketanserin and enalapril showed comparable antihypertensive and haemodynamic activities. A combination of ketanserin and enalapril increased the favourable characteristics of both drugs.

scholarly journals Anaesthesia and cardiopulmonary effects of tiletamine-zolazepam/xylazine/tramadol and its effects on nitric oxide, plasma endothelin, 6-keto-PGF1α and thromboxanes B2 in miniature pigs

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
De-Zhang Lu ◽  
Hong-Gang Fan ◽  
Sheng Jiang ◽  
Li-Juan Tan ◽  
Shi-Ming Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Miniature Pigs ◽  
Severe Bradycardia ◽  
Vasoactive Factors ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
The Mean

This study focused on anaesthesia and cardiopulmonary effects of tiletamine-zolazepam/xylazine/tramadol in miniature pigs and its effects on endothelium-derived vasoactive factors. A total of 14 eight-month-old Chinese experimental miniature pigs were used in this study. Tiletamine-zolazepam (3.5 mg·kg-1), xylazine (1.32 mg·kg-1) and tramadol (1.8 mg·kg-1) were administered i.m.; blood pressure and heart rate were recorded. At the same time, blood was collected through precaval vein, and nitric oxide, endothelin, 6-keto-PGF1α and thromboxanes B2 were determined by colorimetry and radioimmunoassay. The mean times to dorsal recumbency, duration of immobilization, standing and walking were 2.26 ± 0.72, 87.57 ± 9.61, 25.63 ± 12.55 and 36.70 ± 14.53 min, respectively. Blood pressure was significantly changed at 10 and 80 min (P < 0.01), and the heart rate ranged from 89 to 134 bpm without episodes of severe bradycardia or tachycardia. Significantly positive correlation was observed between endothelin, thromboxanes B2 and blood pressure as well as the heart rate (P < 0.05). There was negative correlation between PGI2 and blood pressure as well as heart rate (P < 0.05). The results showed that endothelin, 6-keto-PGF1α and thromboxanes B2 participated in the changing of cardiopulmonary parameters which were caused by tiletamine-zolazepam-xylazine-tramadol anaesthesia in miniature pigs, and the 6-keto-PGF1α, ET and TXB2 concentrations in plasma participated in the changing of blood pressures during anaesthesia. Therefore, we can recommend tiletamine-zolazepam/xylazine/tramadol for anaesthesia in pigs, and this study also contributes to the evaluation of the effect of endothelium-derived vasoactive factors during anaesthesia.

scholarly journals Influence of acepromazine on the cardiovascular actions of dobutamine in isoflurane-anesthetized horses

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 470-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Raposo Monteiro ◽  
Juliano Ferreira Fernandes de Souza ◽  
Gustavo Cancian Baiotto ◽  
Giuliano Moraes Figueiró ◽  
Julia da Penha Piccoli Rangel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Infusion Rate ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Cardiovascular Actions ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
To Receive

The influence of acepromazine (ACP) on the effectiveness of dobutamine (DBT) in increasing blood pressure during isoflurane (ISO) anesthesia was evaluated in six horses. On separate occasions, the horses were randomly assigned to receive NaCl 0.9% (Control), ACP 0.025mg kg-1 and ACP 0.05mg kg-1. The experimental treatment was administered prior to induction of anesthesia. Maintenance of anesthesia was performed under conditions of normocapnia with ISO in oxygen. Dobutamine was administered at progressively increasing infusion rates until mean arterial pressure (MAP) reached 70mmHg or until a maximum infusion rate of 5.0µg kg-1 min-1. Compared with baseline, DBT increased heart rate, systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressures in all treatments. However, these variables did not differ among treatments. The target MAP (70mmHg) was not reached in 2/6, 2/5 and 0/6 horses in the Control, ACP0.025 and ACP0.05 treatments, respectively. The mean dose of DBT to achieve target MAP was 3.5±1.8, 3.7±1.6 and 2.7±1.4µg kg-1 min-1 in the Control, ACP0.025 and ACP0.05 treatments, respectively (P>0.05). Under the conditions of this study, premedication with ACP does not interfere with the effectiveness of DBT in increasing blood pressure in horses anesthetized with ISO.

A Multicentre Study Examining the Substitution of Trasidrex for the Free Combination of Slow-Trasicor and Navidrex-K

1979 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 524-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
A F Ebbutt ◽  
R W Elsdon Dew
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
General Practice ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Open Study ◽  
Global Assessment ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
The Mean

A multicentre, open study of general practice patients with essential hypertension who were currently being treated with oxprenolol and cyclopenthiazide was undertaken in which the patients were transferred to Trasidrex for 12 weeks. Weight, blood pressure, heart rate and side-effects were assessed pre-trial and at 4-week intervals. A global assessment was also made at the same time intervals. The mean serum potassium remained virtually unchanged after 12 weeks treatment with Trasidrex. Blood pressure control was marginally improved during the study and it is thought possible that better patient compliance might explain this. Trasidrex was tolerated equally as well as the free combination.

scholarly journals Efficiency and safety of phenylephrine and tropicamide used in premature retinopathy: a prospective observational study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Atilla Alpay ◽  
Sılay Canturk Ugurbas ◽  
Cumhur Aydemir
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Pupillary Diameter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Rop Screening

Abstract Background To determine effects and side effects of topical application of phenylephrine 2.5% and tropicamide 0.5% combination in preterm infants. Methods In this prospective observational study, 60 infants undergoing retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening were prospectively observed. Pupillary diameter, blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen saturation were monitored before and after up to 24 h during ROP screening examinations. Results The mean pupillary diameter 1 h after the instillation of drops was 5.58 ± 0.75 mm for both eyes. The mean systolic and diastolic pressure and oxygen saturation of infants did not change statistically until the end of the study. The average heart rate decreased by a mean of 4.96 beats/minute from the baseline following eye drops instillation. General condition deterioration, fall in oxygen saturation and bradycardia were observed in 4 infants that already had respiratory distress syndrome. Conclusion The phenylephrine 2.5% plus tropicamide 0.5% drop is effective and safe as mydriatic combination for retinopathy of prematurity screening. In infants with an additional systemic disease such as respiratory distress syndrome, the side effects of mydriatic drops may be more common. Such babies should be kept under close observation. Trial registration The trial was retrospectively registered on 28 February 2018. The ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier is NCT03448640.

Circulation in exercising dogs

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Cerretelli ◽  
J. Piiper ◽  
F. Mangili ◽  
F. Cuttica ◽  
B. Ricci
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Maximum Increment ◽  
Measurable Change

The adjustments of the cardiovascular system to muscular exercise were studied in dogs running on a treadmill at different speeds and at the incline of +10%. The cardiac output, measured by the thermodilution method, increased with increasing O2 consumption, reaching 520 ml/kg min at an O2 consumption of 70 ml/kg min. At still higher metabolic levels the cardiac output remained constant and the O2 consumption increased by an increase of the arteriovenous O2 difference only, which was calculated to attain 17 vol % at the highest O2 consumption value reached in this study, 90 ml/kg min. The increase of the cardiac output was mainly due to increase of the heart rate, whereas the average maximum increment of the stroke volume was about 30% only. The mean arterial and the central venous blood pressures increased with exercise. The time course of the adjustment of the cardiac output was measured after the exercise of varied intensity had been abruptly begun or stopped. Both for start and recovery the “half reaction time” was about 20 sec; after 1 min no further measurable change of the cardiac output was detectable. cardiac output and O2 consumption at increasing metabolic levels; heart rate and stroke volume in running dogs recovery following exercise Submitted on July 15, 1963

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document