scholarly journals Carnivore Protoparvovirus-1 Associated With an Outbreak of Hemorrhagic Gastroenteritis in Small Indian Civets

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 706-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surangkanang Chaiyasak ◽  
Chutchai Piewbang ◽  
Wijit Banlunara ◽  
Somporn Techangamsuwan
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Feline Panleukopenia Virus ◽  
Wildlife Species ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Generalized Lymphadenopathy ◽  
Species Specific

Carnivore protoparvovirus-1 (CPPV-1) infection has been reported frequently in both domestic and wildlife species including wild carnivores. Fifty-five captive small Indian civets ( Viverricula indica), farmed for perfume production in Eastern Thailand, showed clinical signs of acute bloody diarrhea, anorexia, vomiting, circling, and seizures. The disease spread within the farm and resulted in the death of 38 of the 55 civets (69% mortality) within a month. Fecal swabs were collected from the 17 surviving civets, and necropsy was performed on 7 of the dead civets. Pathologic findings were severe hemorrhagic gastroenteritis with generalized lymphadenopathy. CPPV-1 was identified in both fecal swabs and postmortem samples by species-specific polymerase chain reaction. Further whole-gene sequencing and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis suggested feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) as the causative agent. The viral tropism and tissue distribution were confirmed by immunohistochemistry, with immunolabeling in the cytoplasm and nucleus of small intestinal crypt epithelial cells, villous enterocytes, histiocytes in lymphoid tissues, myenteric nerve plexuses, and cerebral and cerebellar neurons. Phylogenetic analysis of civet-derived CPPV-1 indicated a genetic similarity close to the FPV HH-1/86 strain detected in a jaguar ( Panthera onca) in China. To our knowledge, this mass die-off of civets is the first evidence of disease associated with CPPV-1 infection in the subfamily Viverrinae. These findings support the multi-host range of parvovirus infection and raises awareness for CPPV-1 disease outbreaks in wildlife species.

scholarly journals Rinderpest Virus Phosphoprotein Gene Is a Major Determinant of Species-Specific Pathogenicity

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (12) ◽  
pp. 6676-6681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Misako Yoneda ◽  
Ryuichi Miura ◽  
Thomas Barrett ◽  
Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara ◽  
Chieko Kai
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Rinderpest Virus ◽  
N Protein ◽  
Recombinant Viruses ◽  
P Gene ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
High Virus ◽  
Phosphoprotein Gene

ABSTRACT We previously demonstrated that the rinderpest virus (RPV) hemagglutinin (H) protein plays an important role in determining host range but that other viral proteins are clearly required for full RPV pathogenicity to be manifest in different species. To examine the effects of the RPV nucleocapsid (N) protein and phosphoprotein (P) genes on RPV cross-species pathogenicity, we constructed two new recombinant viruses in which the H and P or the H, N, and P genes of the cattle-derived RPV RBOK vaccine were replaced with those from the rabbit-adapted RPV-Lv strain, which is highly pathogenic in rabbits. The viruses rescued were designated recombinant RPV-lapPH (rRPV-lapPH) and rRPV-lapNPH, respectively. Rabbits inoculated with RPV-Lv become feverish and show leukopenia and a decrease in body weight gain, while clinical signs of infection are never observed in rabbits inoculated with RPV-RBOK or with rRPV-lapH. However, rabbits inoculated with either rRPV-lapPH or rRPV-lapNPH became pyrexic and showed leukopenia. Further, histopathological lesions and high virus titers were clearly observed in the lymphoid tissues from animals infected with rRPV-lapPH or rRPV-lapNPH, although they were not observed in rabbits infected with RPV-RBOK or rRPV-lapH. The clinical, virological, and histopathological signs in rabbits infected with the two new recombinant viruses did not differ significantly; therefore, the RPV P gene was considered to be a key determinant of cross-species pathogenicity.

scholarly journals Dynamic evolution of canine parvovirus in Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-255
Author(s):  
N. Inthong ◽  
S. Kaewmongkol ◽  
N. Meekhanon ◽  
K. Sirinarumitr ◽  
T. Sirinarumitr
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Canine Parvovirus ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Vp2 Gene ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Feline Panleukopenia Virus ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Background and Aim: According to the previous study, the circulating canine parvovirus (CPV) in Thailand is 2a and 2b. Nowadays, CPV mutants, including CPV-2c, have been identified in many parts of the world. This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of the circulating CPV in Thailand. Materials and Methods: Eighty-five CPV-positive fecal samples were obtained from dogs with either acute hemorrhagic diarrhea or diarrhea. The complete VP2 gene of these samples was amplified using VP2 specific primers and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The obtained full-length VP2 sequences were analyzed and a phylogenetic tree was constructed. Results: Sixty and 25 CPV-positive fecal samples were collected in 2010 and 2018, respectively. Thirty-four samples were new CPV-2a and 31 samples were new CPV-2b due to amino acids substitution at position 297 (Ser-Ala). In 2018, 5 new CPV-2a, 19 CPV-2c, and 1 feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) were found, but no new CPV-2b was detected. Moreover, most of the CPV in this study had amino acids mutations at positions 324 and 440. The phylogenetic construction demonstrated the close relationship between the current new CPV-2a with the previous CPV-2a reported from Thailand, China, Uruguay, Vietnam, Singapore, and India. Interestingly, the current new CPV-2b in this study was not closely related to the previous CPV-2b reported in Thailand. The CPV-2c in this study was closer to Asian CPV-2c and further from either European or South America CPV-2c. Interestingly, FPV was identified in a diarrhea dog. Conclusion: The evolution of CPV in Thailand is very dynamic. Thus, it is important to monitor for CPV mutants and especially the clinical signs relating to these mutants to conduct surveillance for the emergence of new highly pathogenic CPV in the future.

scholarly journals Feline panleukopenia virus revisited : molecular characteristics and pathological lesions associated with three recent isolates

2000 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Van Vuuren ◽  
A. Steinel ◽  
T. Goosen ◽  
E. Lane ◽  
J. Van der Lugt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Feline Panleukopenia Virus ◽  
Pathological Lesions ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Canine Parvovirus Type 2

The low incidence of clinical signs or pathological lesions compatible with feline panleukopenia in cats has created the perception among practitioners that the disease has disappeared since the emergence of canine parvovirus type 2 in the late 1970s.Three parvoviruses that were recently isolated from a domestic cat and 2 cheetahs in cell culture or detected by means of the polymerase chain reaction were shown to be typical feline parvoviruses. Phylogenetic comparison with other FPV isolates did not reveal a particular African cluster.

scholarly journals Clinical and Pathological Findings in SARS-CoV-2 Disease Outbreaks in Farmed Mink (Neovison vison)

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 653-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Jan Molenaar ◽  
Sandra Vreman ◽  
Renate W Hakze-van der Honing ◽  
Rob Zwart ◽  
Jan de Rond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Antigen ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Immunohistochemical Detection ◽  
Pathological Findings ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Pathological Characteristics ◽  
Acute Interstitial Pneumonia ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Postmortem Finding

SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, caused respiratory disease outbreaks with increased mortality in 4 mink farms in the Netherlands. The most striking postmortem finding was an acute interstitial pneumonia, which was found in nearly all examined mink that died at the peak of the outbreaks. Acute alveolar damage was a consistent histopathological finding in mink that died with pneumonia. SARS-CoV-2 infections were confirmed by detection of viral RNA in throat swabs and by immunohistochemical detection of viral antigen in nasal conchae, trachea, and lung. Clinically, the outbreaks lasted for about 4 weeks but some animals were still polymerase chain reaction–positive for SARS-CoV-2 in throat swabs after clinical signs had disappeared. This is the first report of the clinical and pathological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks in mink farms.

scholarly journals Polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the ITS2 region for differatiation of Brazilian Biomphalaria intermediate hosts of the Schistosoma mansoni

2004 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teofânia Heloísa Dutra Amorim Vidigal ◽  
Kelly Grace Magalhães ◽  
Omar dos Santos Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Snail Species ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Species Specific

We sequenced the internal transcribed spacer 2 of the ribosomal DNA (ITS2-DNAr) from the three Schistosoma mansoni intermediate hosts in Brazil: Biomphalaria glabrata, Biomphalaria tenagophila and Biomphalaria straminea. Analysis of a restriction map from those sequences allowed us to select putative restriction enzymes able to identify the snail species under study. Four restriction enzymes were used and HpaII provided simple species-specific profiles easily visualized in polyacrylamide gels. The use of ITS2 is advantageous as it provides a small fragment of 460 bp which may be easily amplified by PCR. In the current work, we showed that the amplification of ITS2-DNAr together with HpaII enzyme restriction is an auxiliary molecular tool for the morphological identification of such snails as well as for taxonomic and phylogenetic studies of neotropical planorbids.

Routine identification of four sympatric species of calanoid copepods Pseudocalanus spp. in the Atlantic Arctic using a species-specific polymerase chain reaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-72
Author(s):  
E. A. Ershova
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Routine Identification ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Plankton Communities

Сalanoid copepods of the genus Pseudocalanus play an important role in the plankton communities of the Arctic and boreal seas, often dominating in numbers and constituting a significant proportion of the biomass of zooplankton. Despite their high presence and significance in the shelf plankton communities, species-specific studies of the biology of these are significantly hampered by extremely small morphological differences between them, especially at the juvenile stages, at which they are virtually indistinguishable. In this paper, we describe a new, routine and low-cost molecular method for identifying all Pseudocalanus species found in the Atlantic sector of the Arctic: the Arctic P. acuspes, P. minutus and the boreal P. moultoni and P. elongatus, and apply it to describe the relative distribution of these species in four locations of the Arctic and sub-Arctic. With this method, species-specific polymerase chain reaction (ssPCR), mass identification of individuals of any developmental stage, including nauplii, is possible. This method can serve as an excellent tool for studying the species-specific biology of this group, describing their life cycles, as well as monitoring changes in Arctic marine ecosystems under the influence of changing climate.

scholarly journals Phytoplasma occurrence in apple trees in the Czech Republic

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Fialová ◽  
M. Navrátil ◽  
P. Válová
Keyword(s):  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Apple Proliferation ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Phytoplasma Infection ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The presence of phytoplasmas in apple trees with proliferation symptoms, rubbery wood symptoms and no symp­toms was determined by using polymerase chain reaction assays with primers amplifying phytoplasma 16S rRNA gene. Phytoplasmas were detected in all trees with proliferation symptoms. Positive tests for phytoplasma in the group of trees with rubbery wood symptoms and of those without symptoms revealed a relatively high incidence of latent phytoplasma infection. Using restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, phytoplasma of the same identity – apple proliferation phytoplasma (subgroup 16SrX-A) – was recorded in all positively tested trees.  

scholarly journals Investigation of Lethal Concurrent Outbreak of Chlamydiosis and Pigeon Circovirus in a Zoo

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1654
Author(s):  
Wei-Tao Chen ◽  
Chin-Ann Teng ◽  
Cheng-Hsin Shih ◽  
Wei-Hsiang Huang ◽  
Yi-Fan Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Chlamydia Psittaci ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
Renal Epithelium ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reactions ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Intracytoplasmic Inclusion Bodies ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Streptopelia Orientalis

During the spring, an outbreak of sudden death involving 58 birds occurred in a zoo. Histopathological examinations revealed variable numbers of intracytoplasmic basophilic microorganisms in the macrophages, hepatocytes, and renal epithelium of most birds, along with occasional botryoid intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies within histiocytes in the bursa of Fabricius. Based on the results of histopathological examinations, immunohistochemical staining, transmission electron microscopy, and polymerase chain reactions, genotype B Chlamydia psittaci infection concurrent with pigeon circovirus (PiCV) was diagnosed. A retrospective survey, including two years before the outbreak and the outbreak year, of C. psittaci and PiCV infections of dead birds in the aviaries, revealed that the outbreak was an independent episode. The findings of this study indicate that concurrent infection with C. psittaci and PiCV might lead to lethal outbreaks of chlamydiosis, particularly Streptopelia orientalis. In addition, persistently monitoring both pathogens and identifying potential PiCV carriers or transmitters might also help prevent lethal disease outbreaks.

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