Visualizing the evolution of per capita carbon emissions of Chinese cities, 2001–2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 702-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiting Xiong ◽  
Zhicheng Liu ◽  
Shaojian Wang ◽  
Yingcheng Li
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Yangtze River Delta ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Pearl River Delta Region ◽  
Delta Region ◽  
Chinese Cities ◽  
Emission Quota ◽  
Northern Cities ◽  
Great Pressure ◽  
Per Capita

As the world’s largest carbon emitter, China is under great pressure to cut down carbon emissions. Understanding the evolution of carbon emissions across Chinese cities is important for policymakers when allocating carbon emission quota among these cities. This paper draws upon the Open-source Data Inventory for Anthropogenic CO2 to calculate city-level per capita carbon emissions in China from 2001 to 2016. Overall, we find that per capita carbon emissions of Chinese cities have been generally on the rise during the 2001–2016 period. However, there has been on average a modest decline in per capita carbon emissions of cities in China’s Yangtze River Delta region and Pearl River Delta region from 2011 to 2016, after a remarkable increase during the 2001–2011 period. Besides, the average north-south gap has been enlarged, with northern cities having a relatively higher level of per capita carbon emissions.

Exploring the trends and potential drivers of surface ozone in eastern China in 2015-2018

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Yang ◽  
Yanru Bai ◽  
Yong Zhu ◽  
Nan Ma ◽  
Qiaoqiao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Surface Ozone ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Yangtze River Delta ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Pearl River Delta Region ◽  
Chemical Transport Model ◽  
Delta Region ◽  
Almost All

<p>In the last six years, China has experienced significant improvement in air quality due to great emission reduction efforts. However, ozone concentrations are still slowly increasing in three major regions of eastern China, respectively Jing-Jin-Ji(JJJ), Yangtze River Delta region(YRD) and Pearl River Delta region(PRD). It is shown from the 2015-2018 national urban air quality real-time release platform that the surface ozone in JJJ, YRD and PRD has increased each year and reached the highest in 2018. The monthly ozone concentration peaked in June in almost all cities of JJJ, while it had multiple peaks in other two regions (summer and autumn in YRD - and February, May and September in PRD). Simulation with a chemical transport model(GEOS-Chem) indicates that the formation of ozone is affected by the optical properties of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and also the heterogeneous uptake of N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> on sea salt aerosol.</p>

scholarly journals Two Outbreak Sources of Influenza A (H7N9) Viruses Have Been Established in China

2016 ◽  
Vol 90 (12) ◽  
pp. 5561-5573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayan Wang ◽  
Lei Yang ◽  
Wenfei Zhu ◽  
Ye Zhang ◽  
Shumei Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearl River Delta ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Yangtze River Delta ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Pearl River ◽  
Pearl River Delta Region ◽  
Delta Region ◽  
The Pearl River Delta ◽  
The Pearl River

ABSTRACTDue to enzootic infections in poultry and persistent human infections in China, influenza A (H7N9) virus has remained a public health threat. The Yangtze River Delta region, which is located in eastern China, is well recognized as the original source for H7N9 outbreaks. Based on the evolutionary analysis of H7N9 viruses from all three outbreak waves since 2013, we identified the Pearl River Delta region as an additional H7N9 outbreak source. H7N9 viruses are repeatedly introduced from these two sources to the other areas, and the persistent circulation of H7N9 viruses occurs in poultry, causing continuous outbreak waves. Poultry movements may contribute to the geographic expansion of the virus. In addition, the AnH1 genotype, which was predominant during wave 1, was replaced by JS537, JS18828, and AnH1887 genotypes during waves 2 and 3. The establishment of a new source and the continuous evolution of the virus hamper the elimination of H7N9 viruses, thus posing a long-term threat of H7N9 infection in humans. Therefore, both surveillance of H7N9 viruses in humans and poultry and supervision of poultry movements should be strengthened.IMPORTANCESince its occurrence in humans in eastern China in spring 2013, the avian H7N9 viruses have been demonstrating the continuing pandemic threat posed by the current influenza ecosystem in China. As the viruses are silently circulated in poultry, with potentially severe outcomes in humans, H7N9 virus activity in humans in China is very important to understand. In this study, we identified a newly emerged H7N9 outbreak source in the Pearl River Delta region. Both sources in the Yangtze River Delta region and the Pearl River Delta region have been established and found to be responsible for the H7N9 outbreaks in mainland China.

scholarly journals Ekonomiczne i technologiczne strefy rozwoju Chin (kwantyfikacja, stratyfikacja, metodyka)

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 87-98
Author(s):  
Kazimierz W. Krupa
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
State Level ◽  
Yangtze River Delta ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Pearl River Delta Region ◽  
Open Door Policy ◽  
Delta Region

As a result of the new economic policy, fourteen Economic and Technological Development Zones (ETDZs) were established in twelve coastal cities between 1984 and 1988. The first ETDZs were Dalian, Yantai, Qingdao, Lianyungang, Nantong, Minhang (Shanghai), Hongqiao (Shanghai), Caohejing (Shanghai), Ningbo, Fuzhou, Guangzhou and Zhanjiang. Unlike Special Economic Zone (SEZ), an ETDZ is located in the suburban area of a major city. Special policies are adopted within the ETDZ. An administrative committee, normally selected by the local government, oversees economic and social management in the zones on behalf of the local government. The category ‘SEZ’ covers a broad range of more specific zone types, including Free Trade Zones (FTZ), Export Processing Zones (EPZ), Free Zones (FZ), Industrial Estates (IE), Free Ports, Urban Enterprise Zones and others. The second wave of expansion of ETDZs was led by the establishment of Pudong New District in Shanghai in 1990. This decision was aimed at elevating the status of Shanghai, making it the “Dragon Head” of the Yangtze River Delta Region, which comprises of Shanghai and parts of Jiangsu and Zhejiang. Prior to the establishment of this new district, the Pearl River Delta Region – comprising nine cities in Guangdong – was the forerunner of China’s open door policy. However, unlike Guangdong, which lies at the south-eastern coast of China, Shanghai’s economic development will have more impact on China’s vast hinterland. Between 1992 and 1993, a total of eighteen state-level ETDZs were established – Yingkou, Changchun, Shenyang, Harbin, Weihai, Kunshan, Hangzhou, Xiaoshan, Wenzhou, Rongqiao, Dongshan, Guangzhou Nansha, Huizhou Daya Bay, Wuhu, Wuhan, Chongqing, Beijing and Urumchi. Two special projects were added later. Founded in 1993, the Ningbo Daxie Development Zone is an investment by China International Trust and Investment Corporation (CITIC), and comes under its management. The other special project is the Suzhou Industrial Park, which was founded in 1994, and is a joint cooperation between the governments of China and Singapore. After 2000, in an effort to fuel the development of the Central and Western regions, the central government also endorsed the establishment of a further eleven national ETDZs in inland regions. Up till now, China has a total of fifty-four state-level ETDZs – thirty-two in coastal regions, and twenty-two in the hinterland. The region of Hong Kong has a role and status of innovation. The planners in this unique part of East Asia expect that some new concepts can help the former British colony to embrace a new economic model: a model in which design, marketing and branding play the crucial role in economy.

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal clusters of avian influenza A (H7N9) virus in humans across five epidemics in mainland China: an epidemiological study of laboratory-confirmed cases

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuzheng Shan ◽  
Yongqin Wang ◽  
Ruihong Song ◽  
Wen Wei ◽  
Hongxiu Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Yangtze River Delta ◽  
River Delta ◽  
H7n9 Virus ◽  
Pearl River Delta Region ◽  
Delta Region ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
The Pearl River

Abstract Background: Avian influenza A (H7N9) virus was first reported in mainland China in 2013, and alarming in 2016-17 due to the surge in reported cases across a wide geographic area. Our study aimed to identify and explore the spatial and temporal variation across five epidemics to reinforce the epidemic prevention and control. Methods: We drew spatial and temporal information about all laboratory-confirmed human cases of A (H7N9) virus infection reported in mainland China covering 2013-17 from the open source. The autocorrelation analysis and intensity of cases were used to analyse the spatial cluster while circular distribution method was used to analyse the temporal cluster. Results: Across the five epidemics, a total of 1553 laboratory-confirmed human infection with A (H7N9) virus were reported in mainland China. The global Moran’s I index values of five epidemic were 0.610, 0.132, 0.308, 0.306, 0.336 respectively, all of which were statistically significant. Yangtze River Delta region and the Pearl River Delta region had the highest intensity, and range enlarged from the east of China to inner provinces and even the west of China across the five epidemics. The temporal clusters of the five epidemics were statistically significant, and the peak period was from the end of January to April. The peak periods of the first and fifth epidemic were later than the mean peak period. Conclusions: Spatial and temporal clusters of avian influenza A (H7N9) virus in humans indeed exist, moreover the regions existing clusters may enlarge across five epidemics. Yangtze River Delta region and the Pearl River Delta region have the spatial cluster and the peak period is from January to April. The government should facilitate the tangible improvement for the epidemic preparedness.

scholarly journals Non-agricultural ammonia emissions in urban China

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 8495-8531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. H. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Yangtze River Delta ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Pearl River Delta Region ◽  
Delta Region ◽  
Nh3 Emission ◽  
Household Products ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Green Land

Abstract. The non-agricultural ammonia (NH3) emissions in cities have received little attention but could rival agricultural sources in term of the efficiency in PM formation. The starting point for finding credible solutions is to comprehensively establish a city-specific Non-agricultural Ammonia Emission Inventory (NAEI) and identify the largest sources where efforts can be directed to deliver the largest impact. In this paper, I present a NAEI of 113 national key cities targeted on environmental protection in China in 2010, which for the first time covers NH3 emissions from pets, infants, smokers, green land, and household products. Results show that totally 210 478 Mg, the NH3 emissions from traffic, fuel combustion, waste disposal, pets, green land, human, and household products are 67 671 Mg, 56 275 Mg, 44 289 Mg, 23 355 Mg, 7509 Mg, 7312 Mg, and 4069 Mg, respectively. The NH3 emission intensity from the municipal districts ranges from 0.08 to 3.13 Mg km−2 yr−1, with a average of 0.84 Mg km−2 yr−1. The high NH3 emission intensities in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, Yangtze River Delta region and Pearl River Delta region support the view that non-agricultural NH3 sources play a key role in city-scale NH3 emissions and thus have potentially important implications for secondary PM formation (ammonium-sulfate-nitrate system) in urban agglomeration of China. Therefore, in addition to current SO2 and NOx controls, China also needs to allocate more scientific, technical, and legal resources on controlling non-agricultural NH3 emissions in the future.

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