Decision Trees for Selecting Asphalt Pavement Crack Sealing Method

2020 ◽  
pp. 036119812096013
Author(s):  
Jared Munch ◽  
Uma Maheswar Arepalli ◽  
Manik Barman
Keyword(s):  
Decision Trees ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pavement Management ◽  
Pavement Preservation ◽  
Crack Sealing ◽  
Traffic Level

Crack sealing is an important preventive treatment in the pavement preservation program. To achieve a cost-effective crack seal, it is crucial to select a proper crack sealing method. In Minnesota asphalt pavement cracks are sealed using both the clean-and-seal and rout-and-seal methods; however, there is no guideline for choosing the most suitable crack sealing method. This study deals with a literature review, an online survey, crack seal performance data collection, cost-effectiveness analysis of the crack sealing methods, life cycle cost analysis, and development of two decision trees to aid in selecting the most suitable crack sealing method. The first, which can be used in the pavement management system, needs information such as crack severity, pavement type (new versus overlay), pavement analysis period and design life, traffic level, and crack seal sequence (first, intermediate, or last). The second decision tree, which is a simplified version of the first and can be used by preventive maintenance crews, requires less information, such as crack severity, traffic level, and place in the crack sealing sequence.

Crack Sealing in Flexible Pavements: A Life-Cycle Cost Analysis

1996 ◽  
Vol 1529 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph E. Ponniah ◽  
Gerhard J. Kennepohl
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Asphalt Pavements ◽  
Pavement Distress ◽  
Crack Sealing ◽  
Pavement Deterioration ◽  
Base Course ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Cost

Pavement cracks are usually sealed to prevent water from entering base course layers. Experience suggests that water in pavement layers hastens pavement deterioration and, therefore, increases rehabilitation costs. Initially the Ministry of Transportation, Ontario (MTO), Canada, had limited success in sealing cracks because inappropriate materials and installation procedures were used. This setback during the initial stages of development in crack sealing raised questions about the effectiveness of crack sealing in reducing the rate of pavement deterioration. In the 1970s and 1980s MTO carried out several field studies to develop an effective crack sealing procedure and to study the influence of crack sealing on pavement distress and performance. The cost-effectiveness of this treatment was investigated as well. The results of the studies indicate that sealing cracks is a viable and cost-effective preventive maintenance treatment and can extend the service life of asphalt pavements by at least 2 years. However, for optimum benefits the crack sealing program must be implemented according to guidelines proposed. The guidelines provide a basis for the selection of suitable pavements and cracks, sealant materials, and application procedures.

Pavement Management Perspective on Integrating Preventive Maintenance into a Pavement Management System

2003 ◽  
Vol 1827 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn A. Zimmerman ◽  
David G. Peshkin
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Maintenance ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Functional Condition ◽  
Pavement Management ◽  
Pavement Performance ◽  
Pavement Preservation ◽  
State Highway ◽  
Maintenance Program

Many transportation agencies use pavement preservation programs to manage their pavement assets cost-effectively. One important aspect of pavement preservation is the use of preventive maintenance treatments to improve the functional condition of the network and retard the overall rate of deterioration. Because preventive maintenance treatments are less expensive than resurfacing or reconstruction projects, a preventive maintenance program can provide a cost-effective means of meeting pavement performance goals. Pavement management systems support pavement preservation strategies in important ways. They assist in identifying and prioritizing preventive maintenance needs, justifying funding levels, and evaluating the long-term impacts of various preservation strategies. To date, many agencies have operated preventive maintenance activities in isolation from pavement management programs. However, many potential benefits can be gained from the closer integration of these two activities. A transportation agency that wishes to integrate preventive maintenance and pavement management might be required to make several changes. Specific technical areas in which changes might be needed include condition surveys and condition index calculations, pavement performance models, treatment rules, and program development. In addition, several institutional issues must be addressed to successfully integrate the two programs. Examples from state highway agencies illustrate possible solutions.

Effect of Binder Modification and Recycled Asphalt Pavement on the Performance of Permeable Friction Course

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (28) ◽  
pp. 119-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Brum ◽  
Walaa S. Mogawer ◽  
Kevin D. Stuart ◽  
Alexander J. Austerman
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Fatigue Cracking ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Recycled Asphalt ◽  
Asphalt Rubber ◽  
Modified Asphalt Binder

Permeable Friction Course (PFC) is a hot-mix asphalt that contains interconnecting voids that provide improved pavement surface drainage during rainfall. The objective of this study was to determine if PFC mixtures which incorporate reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) will provide performances that are similar to PFC mixtures which only use virgin materials and whether binder type will affect performance. Utilizing current design specifications, PFCs were designed with RAP contents of 0%, 15%, and 25% and four asphalt binders. These mixtures were subject to a barrage of tests which measured their ability to resist draindown, abrasion, fatigue cracking, rutting, and moisture damage. Other testing determined permeability, porosity and workability. Rutting testing employed the industry standard asphalt pavement analyzer. Fatigue cracking and moisture susceptibility testing utilized the semicircular bending test. It was determined that it is possible to design a PFC incorporating RAP which will have good performance. However, this will only be achieved when the proper materials are used. The RAP must be properly fractionated and a modified binder such as asphalt rubber or a highly modified asphalt binder (HiMA) must be used. The mixture tests combined with Life Cycle Cost Analyses demonstrated that a PFC with up to 15% RAP combined with an asphalt rubber or HiMA can provide good performance and be cost effective. Furthermore, the use of 25% RAP in combination with these binders was only limited by the asphalt rubber not meeting the specification for permeability.

Fracture-Tolerant and Shear-Resistant Interlayers for Mitigation of Reflective Cracking

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (10) ◽  
pp. 35-46
Author(s):  
Cristian Cocconcelli ◽  
Bongsuk Park ◽  
Jian Zou ◽  
George Lopp ◽  
Reynaldo Roque
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Reflective Cracking ◽  
Rubber Membrane ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Field Evidence ◽  
Cracking Performance ◽  
Interface Cracking

Reflective cracking is frequently reported as the most common distress affecting resurfaced pavements. An asphalt rubber membrane interlayer (ARMI) approach has been traditionally used in Florida to mitigate reflective cracking. However, recent field evidence has raised doubts about the effectiveness of the ARMI when placed near the surface, indicating questionable benefits to reflective cracking and increased instability rutting potential. The main purpose of this research was to develop guidelines for an effective alternative to the ARMI for mitigation of near-surface reflective cracking in overlays on asphalt pavement. Fourteen interlayer mixtures, covering three aggregate types widely used in Florida, and two nominal maximum aggregate sizes (NMAS) were designed according to key characteristics identified for mitigation of reflective cracking, that is, sufficient gradation coarseness and high asphalt content. The dominant aggregate size range—interstitial component (DASR-IC) model was used for the design of all mixture gradations. A composite specimen interface cracking (CSIC) test was employed to evaluate reflective cracking performance of interlayer systems. In addition, asphalt pavement analyzer (APA) tests were performed to determine whether the interlayer mixtures had sufficient rutting resistance. The results indicated that interlayer mixtures designed with lower compaction effort, reduced design air voids, and coarser gradation led to more cost-effective fracture-tolerant and shear-resistant (FTSR) interlayers. Therefore, preliminary design guidelines including minimum effective film thickness and maximum DASR porosity requirements were proposed for 9.5-mm NMAS (35 µm and 50%) and 4.75-mm NMAS FTSR mixtures (20 µm and 60%) to mitigate near-surface reflective cracking.

scholarly journals Sustainable Ventilation Strategies for a Medium-Sized Space with Regional Effect

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4651
Author(s):  
Ming-Lun Alan Fong
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Regional Effect ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Ventilation Strategies ◽  
Set Up

The analysis of ventilation strategies is fundamentally affected by regional climate conditions and local cost databases, in terms of energy consumption, CO2 emission and cost-effective analysis. A systematic approach is covered in this paper to estimate a local economic and environmental impact on a medium-sized space located in two regions during supply-and-installation and operation phases. Three ventilation strategies, including mixing ventilation (MV), displacement ventilation (DV) and stratum ventilation (SV) were applied to medium-sized air-conditioned space with this approach. The trend of the results for three ventilation systems in the life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle cost (LCC) analysis is SV < DV < MV. The result of CO2 emission and regional LCC shows that SV is the lowest one in both regional studies. In comparison with the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) during 20 Service years, the case analysis demonstrates that the percentage differences in LCC analysis of MV, DV & SV in Guangdong are less than 20.5%, 19.4% and 18.82% respectively. Their CO2 emission of MV, DV and SV in Guangdong are more than HKSAR in 10.69%, 11.22% and 12.05%, respectively. The present study could provide information about regional effects in the LCA and LCC analysis of three ventilation strategies emissions, and thereby help set up models for decision-making on high efficiency and cost-effective ventilation strategy plans.

Abstract NS1: Creating partnerships through the Kansas Initiative for Stroke Survival (KISS)

Stroke ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice Sandt ◽  
Sarah E Brown ◽  
Colleen Lechtenberg ◽  
Cherie Boxberger
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Rate ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Community Education ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The State ◽  
Treatment Rate ◽  
Stroke Treatment ◽  
Feasible Alternative

Background and Purpose: Kansas is a rural state lacking geographically distributed Primary Stroke Centers. Of the 128 hospitals in the state, 88 are designated as Critical Access (< 25 beds). The IV r-tPA treatment rate in the state of Kansas is less than 2%. The pre-transport death rate for patients experiencing stroke is 55.4% .The Kansas Initiative for Stroke Survival (KISS) is a non-government task force with the goal of improving stroke survival among Kansans. The task force encourages hospitals to meet the criteria as Emergent Stroke Ready and based on this status engage with their individual communities, emphasizing the need to seek immediate assistance by EMS and arrive at the closest Emergent Stroke Ready hospital. Methods: The Kansas State Stroke Task force determined requirements for a facility to be considered Emergent Stroke Ready. This information was distributed to all acute care hospitals, asking them to attest to their current Emergent Stroke Ready status. Responding facilities were provided access to a 24 x 7 Stroke Support Line - providing access to stroke specialists for the purpose of guiding evaluation and treatment decisions for r-tPA administration or need to transfer to a higher level of care. Also provided is a community education kit. Data is reported through a monthly online survey or GWTG database. Results: In the first phase of the KISS project - forty-two hospitals attested as Emergent Stroke Ready Hospital or were certified Primary Stroke Centers representing an increase from 7% to 33% of hospitals in the state. The post-KISS implementation IV r-tPA treatment rate for the reporting Emergent Stroke Ready Hospitals was 48% compared with a pre-KISS treatment rate of 6%. The post-KISS implementation transfer rate was 26.7% compared with a pre-KISS transfer rate of 18%. Conclusions: The KISS program resulted in a significant increase in the number of Emergent Stroke Ready facilities, stroke patients reporting to their local hospitals, stroke specialist consultations and use of IV r-tPA. A low-cost, statewide program that provides standardized protocols and direct phone consultation can improve access to stroke specialists and approved stroke treatment while offering a cost effective, feasible alternative to telestroke.

Sustainable and environmentally friendly zinc coatings for protecting steel bridges in Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. van Leeuwen ◽  
P. M. Gangé ◽  
B. Duran ◽  
F. Prenger
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Protection ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Zinc Coating ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Steel Bridges ◽  
Metallic Zinc ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Paint Systems ◽  
Zinc Coatings

<p>Metallic zinc coatings are well established as cost-effective corrosion protection for steel bridges. The zinc coating acts first as barrier protection, isolating the base steel from corrosive elements, and secondly by cathodic protection, acting as a sacrificial anode to protect the steel should the coating be compromised. Bridge operators can be confronted by disproportional high maintenance costs for bridges in use as removal of (in)organic paint systems with hazardous and toxic compounds require expensive waste disposal and environmental protection measures. Metallic zinc coatings are recognized as environmentally friendly, sustainable, and low maintenance, providing the lowest life cycle cost corrosion protection. Various case studies with bridges protected with metallic zinc coatings in and outside Europe are illustrated.</p>

THE IDENTIFICATION OF DESIGN FOR MAINTAINABILITY IMPERATIVES TO ACHIEVE COST EFFECTIVE BUILDING MAINTENANCE: A DELPHI STUDY

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (30) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shubashini Ganisen ◽  
Izran Sarrazin Mohammad ◽  
L. Jawahar Nesan ◽  
Abdul Hakim Mohammed ◽  
Gunavathy Kanniyapan
Keyword(s):  
Delphi Study ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Criteria And Indicators ◽  
Building Maintenance ◽  
Operation Process ◽  
Design For Maintainability

Incorporating maintainability during the building design is essential to increase overall performance of the building including quality and cost as; the management and operation process of facilities can have a significant impact on cost, health and safety, energy and quality. As a result, a more effective and efficient building facility will be turned over during the post occupancy stage. Literature review reveals that there is a need to implement maintainability during the building design phase; mainly due to the increasing life-cycle cost of the building facilities. A critical review of the literature has been carried out to explore the consideration of maintainability during the building design and subsequently identifies a set of criteria and indicators to be applied during the building design phase to achieve cost effective building maintenance. Thus, this paper opted a four-round Delphi questionnaire survey to identify the relevant design for maintainability criteria and indicators to achieve cost effective building maintenance. 8 designs for maintainability criteria along with the indicators for each of the criterion have been identified. These design for maintainability indicators help the building architects to incorporate maintainability practice during the building design phase and thus help to achieve cost effective maintenance. This paper aims to address the long pending quest of incorporating maintainability during the building design phase and consequently achieve cost effective building maintenance.

scholarly journals Electronic Health Use in the European Union and the Effect of Multimorbidity: Cross-Sectional Survey (Preprint)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Lupiáñez-Villanueva ◽  
Dimitra Anastasiadou ◽  
Cristiano Codagnone ◽  
Roberto Nuño-Solinís ◽  
Maria Begona Garcia-Zapirain Soto
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Electronic Health

BACKGROUND Multimorbidity is becoming increasingly common and is a leading challenge currently faced by societies with aging populations. The presence of multimorbidity requires patients to coordinate, understand, and use the information obtained from different health care professionals, while simultaneously striving to distinguish the symptoms of different diseases and self-manage their sometimes conflicting health problems. Electronic health (eHealth) tools provide a means to disseminate health information and education for both patients and health professionals and hold promise for more efficient and cost-effective care processes. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyze the use of eHealth tools, taking into account the citizens’ sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, and above all, the presence of multimorbidity. METHODS Cross-sectional and exploratory research was conducted using online survey data from July 2011 to August 2011. Participants included a total of 14,000 citizens from 14 European countries aged 16 to 74 years, who had used an eHealth tool in the past 3 months. The variables studied were sociodemographic variables of the participants, the questionnaire items assessing the frequency of using eHealth tools, the degree of morbidity, and the eHealth adoption gradient. Chi-square tests were conducted to examine the relationship between the sociodemographic and clinical variables of participants and the group the participants were assigned to according to their frequency of eHealth use (eHealth user group). A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) allowed for assessing the differences in the eHealth adoption gradient average between different groups of individuals according to their morbidity level. A two-way between-groups ANOVA was performed to explore the effects of multimorbidity and age group on the eHealth adoption gradient. RESULTS According to the eHealth adoption gradient, most participants (68.15%, 9541/14,000) were labeled as rare users, with the majority of them (55.1%, 508/921) being in the age range of 25 to 54 years, with upper secondary education (50.3%, 464/921), currently employed (49.3%, 454/921), and living in medium-sized cities (40.7%, 375/921). Results of the one-way ANOVA showed that the number of health problems significantly affected the use of eHealth tools (F2,13996=11.584; P<.001). The two-way ANOVA demonstrated that there was a statistically significant interaction between the effects of age and number of health problems on the eHealth adoption gradient (F4,11991=7.936; P<.001). CONCLUSIONS The eHealth adoption gradient has proven to be a reliable way to measure different aspects of eHealth use. Multimorbidity is associated with a more intense use of eHealth, with younger Internet users using new technologies for health purposes more frequently than older groups with the same level of morbidity. These findings suggest the need to consider different strategies aimed at making eHealth tools more sensitive to the characteristics of older populations to reduce digital disadvantages.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document