Challenges in diagnosing lead poisoning: A review of occupationally and nonoccupationally exposed cases reported in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 346-355
Author(s):  
Monica Shirley Mani ◽  
Divyani Gurudas Nayak ◽  
Herman Sunil Dsouza
Keyword(s):  
Lead Poisoning ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Environmental Intervention ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Associated Symptoms ◽  
Occupational Lead Exposure ◽  
Treatment Knowledge

Lead is a nonessential metal which enters the body through various means and is considered as one of the most common health toxins. Several cases of lead poisoning are reported as a result of inhalation or ingestion of lead in employees working as painters, smelters, electric accumulator manufacturers, compositors, auto mechanics, and miners. In addition to occupational lead exposure, several cases of lead poisoning are reported in the general population through various sources and pathways. Innumerable signs and symptoms of lead poisoning observed are subtle and depend on the extent and duration of exposure. The objective of this review article is to discuss occupationally and nonoccupationally exposed lead poisoning cases reported in India and the associated symptoms, mode of therapy, and environmental intervention used in managing these cases. Lead poisoning cases cannot be identified at an early stage as the symptoms are very general and mimic that of other disorders, and patients might receive only symptomatic treatment. Knowledge about the various symptoms and potential sources is of utmost importance. Medical practitioners when confronted with patients experiencing signs and symptoms as discussed in this article can speculate the possibility of lead poisoning, which could lead to early diagnosis and its management.

scholarly journals COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW- MENOPAUSAL CHALLENGES

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
pp. 200-205
Author(s):  
Rachna Devi Thakur ◽  
◽  
Monika Tahkur ◽  
Disheeka Chauhan ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Process ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Hot Flashes ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sleep Disruption ◽  
Anxiety And Depression

Menopause is the cessation of menstruation in a woman, typically occurring between the ages of 45 and 55 years. This article will briefly review the physiology and types of menopause, signs and symptoms, and symptomatic treatment. Although menopause ends fertility, women can stay healthy, vital, and sexual. Smokers and women with chronic diseases may experience earlier menopause. Since the body has depended on these hormones for years, when hormone levels decrease, the changes are noticeable and may result in emotional reactions and bodily changes. These may include physical symptoms, such as hot flashes, decreased energy levels, and sleep disruption, as well as mood-related symptoms, such as anxiety and depression.3 Eventually, ovaries stop producing estrogen and other hormones. This is a natural biological process, not a disease. Over time, these symptoms gradually disappear.

scholarly journals Cancer

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Blood Tests

A group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body, is known as cancer. Majority (90-95%) of cancers are due to environmental factors. Remaining (5-10%) is due to inherited factors. Most of the cancers can be recognized at early stage due to the appearance of signs and symptoms or through screening. Investigations include blood tests, X-rays, CT scans, endoscopy and biopsy. Some cancers can be prevented by avoiding risk factors as tobacco chewing, obesity, physical inactivity, alcohol intake and sexually transmitted diseases etc.

scholarly journals PO 8492 REPEATED ARTEMISININ-BASED TREATMENT ON MALARIA SEXUAL PARASITE DISTRIBUTION IN POPULATION LIVING IN A MALARIA-ENDEMIC AREA OF BURKINA FASO

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A45.2-A45
Author(s):  
Amidou Diarra ◽  
Issiaka Soulama ◽  
Issa Nebie ◽  
Maurice Ouattara ◽  
Moise Kabore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Density ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Repeated Administration ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Feeding Experiments

BackgroundMalaria elimination and its ultimate eradication will require drugs targeting all stages of the parasite’s life cycle. Yet, very few drugs are known to be effective on the sexual stages (gametocytes) of Plasmodium falciparum. Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) has been shown to have some early-stage gametocytocidal effects on in vitro and in feeding experiments. However, field studies showed that artesunate reduces but does not prevent post-treatment transmission of P. falciparum to mosquitos.Methods763 children and adult patients with acute uncomplicated Plasmodium sp. malaria were included in a phase IIIb/IV comparative, randomised, multi-centre, open label, parallel 3-arm clinical trial to assess safety and efficacy of repeated administration of pyronaridine-artesunate, dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine or artemether-lumefantrine or artesunate-amodiaquine over a two-year period. Drugs were given based on the body weight and volunteers were followed up for 42 days. Clinical signs and symptoms were recorded and filter paper and blood smears collected during each visit. Malaria parasites were assessed and parasite density development stages determined by light microscopy.ResultsP. falciparum gametocyte was 1.9%, during the two years of follow-up. From the three treatment arms, artesunate-amodiaquine was the arm bearing more P. falciparum gametocyte with 68.7%, dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine accounted for 6.3% and pyronaridine-artesunate for 25%. P. falciparum gametocyte was more pronounced in populations having parasite density ≤1 00 000 parasites/µl compared to above parasitaemia.ConclusionRepeated ACTs treatment didn’t clear P. falciparum gametocyte in a population infected with uncomplicated malaria.

Review on etio-pathogenesis and diagnostic approach of Amavata.

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Gamaji Pairkao ◽  
Arun Dudhamal
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
The Body ◽  
Quality Life ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms

Amavata is a one of the difficult disease for clinicians due to it’s chronicity, incurability, complications, and morbidity. It is chronic disease as it needs repeated hospitalization so it put economic burden on family members and poor quality life. Madhavkara had described etiopathoganesis and clinical presentation of the disease briefly before thousands of years. Amavata is a multisystemic illness can be caused by vitiation of Vata and generation of Ama in the body which has articular as well as extra articular manifestations. Rheumatisim and Amavata have great similarities in the clinical presentation. Amavata can be clinically identical with any of the rheumatic disorder. Diagnosis of Amavata is not difficult in patient when it’s clinical presentation is classical but it may be confusing in a early stage.  In Amavata most of the clincical features are nominal and categorical there is wide range of clinical signs and symptoms narrated in Madhavakara So the diagnosis often made by some degree of subjective interpretation of clinician. To make a valid, reliable, consistent diagnosis of Amavata some pathological investigations can be included in the diagnostic criteria of Amavata. This study gives insight into review of diagnostic criteria of Amavata .

Dziedinošās darbības un to veicēji folkloras un valodas liecībās

2020 ◽  
pp. 372-389
Author(s):  
Ieva Ančevska
Keyword(s):  
General Term ◽  
Spoken Word ◽  
The Body ◽  
Folk Healing ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Medical Terms ◽  
Healing Tradition

This article summarizes the various healing-related activities used in the Latvian healing tradition. To explain these activities and describe their performers and specialization, folklore sources and linguistic materials were used. The aim of this article is to demonstrate the diversity of folk healing activities and their names, while also clarifying their nature and use as much as possible. The linguistic and etymological analysis was used to investigate the healing activities and the names of their performers, but folklore examples were used for clarifying the meanings. By studying the healing tradition, the names of medical practitioners were collected from various sources, adding up to over 60 labels. When compiling the report, the representatives of the healing activities were divided into conditional groups according to the type of their main medical activities. Thus, the following groups of healing activities were formed: healing activities using the body, actions with spoken word and blowing, ritual and magic activities, defense techniques and liberating rituals. In addition to the medicinal practitioners who were active in healing, there were also counselors who sought out the causes of diseases through various means and searched for their best remedies. The survey in the article shows that the healing tradition uses diverse and specialized medical terms. However, as the examples show, most of them have used a combination of different practices. The name of the healer in question usually described the skills that were particularly developed and had been used most frequently. During tradition bans, names of healers became more general, and tabooed names were used instead. The general term “healer” has only been naturalized into society after the restoration of national independence.

Upashaya and Anupashaya - A Bird’s Eye View

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sreeharsha N. ◽  
Gurubasavaraj Yalagachin ◽  
Kavita M. V. ◽  
Divyasree C. H.
Keyword(s):  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Early Signs ◽  
Therapy Result

The approach of the treatment in any disease begins with Roga Pareeksha and Rogi Pareeksha. Once these two concepts are clear, Vyadhi Vinishchaya will be perfect. This enables the Vaidya to choose appropriate Chikitsa. The five entities of Roga Pareeksha are Nidana (aetiology), Purvaroopa (early signs and symptoms), Roopa (cardinal features), Upashaya (symptomatic treatment) and Samprapti (pathogenesis). When Vaidya has doubtful diagnosis of a disease after thorough examination, he will carry out symptomatic first hand simple therapy, result of which will clarify his ambiguity in diagnosis. For example the pain in the Janu Sandhi may raise the doubt in the physician regarding its diagnosis as Amavata or Sandhivata. The Sthanika Taila Prayoga as Upashaya will result in clarity of diagnosis. Hence Upashaya (Pathya) and Anupashaya (Apathya) are the diagnostic tools in Vyadhi Vinishchaya. This creates a pavement for the path of thinking that Ahara, Vihara and Oushadha which relieve the Lakshanas of any Vyadhi are considered as Upashaya and those which aggravate or worsen are called as Anupashaya. This concept can be practically utilised to advice the Rogi regarding Pathya and Apathya in the specific disesase and it also helps to diagnose the disease without confusion. Hence a detailed knowledge of Upashaya (Pathya) and Anupashaya (Apathya) is essential in Chikitsa.

scholarly journals Fabry Cardiomyopathy: Current Practice and Future Directions

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1532
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Yim ◽  
Olivia Yau ◽  
Darwin F. Yeung ◽  
Teresa S. M. Tsang
Keyword(s):  
Fabry Disease ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cardiac Biomarkers ◽  
Dried Blood Spot ◽  
Point Of Care Ultrasound ◽  
Enzyme Replacement ◽  
Blood Spot

Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the galactosidase A (GLA) gene that result in deficient galactosidase A enzyme and subsequent accumulation of glycosphingolipids throughout the body. The result is a multi-system disorder characterized by cutaneous, corneal, cardiac, renal, and neurological manifestations. Increased left ventricular wall thickness represents the predominant cardiac manifestation of FD. As the disease progresses, patients may develop arrhythmias, advanced conduction abnormalities, and heart failure. Cardiac biomarkers, point-of-care dried blood spot testing, and advanced imaging modalities including echocardiography with strain imaging and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with T1 mapping now allow us to detect Fabry cardiomyopathy much more effectively than in the past. While enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) has been the mainstay of treatment, several promising therapies are now in development, making early diagnosis of FD even more crucial. Ongoing initiatives involving artificial intelligence (AI)-empowered interpretation of echocardiographic images, point-of-care dried blood spot testing in the echocardiography laboratory, and widespread dissemination of point-of-care ultrasound devices to community practices to promote screening may lead to more timely diagnosis of FD. Fabry disease should no longer be considered a rare, untreatable disease, but one that can be effectively identified and treated at an early stage before the development of irreversible end-organ damage.

scholarly journals Holistic Metabolomic Laboratory-Developed Test (LDT): Development and Use for the Diagnosis of Early-Stage Parkinson’s Disease

Metabolites ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Petr G. Lokhov ◽  
Dmitry L. Maslov ◽  
Steven Lichtenberg ◽  
Oxana P. Trifonova ◽  
Elena E. Balashova
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Compounds

A laboratory-developed test (LDT) is a type of in vitro diagnostic test that is developed and used within a single laboratory. The holistic metabolomic LDT integrating the currently available data on human metabolic pathways, changes in the concentrations of low-molecular-weight compounds in the human blood during diseases and other conditions, and their prevalent location in the body was developed. That is, the LDT uses all of the accumulated metabolic data relevant for disease diagnosis and high-resolution mass spectrometry with data processing by in-house software. In this study, the LDT was applied to diagnose early-stage Parkinson’s disease (PD), which currently lacks available laboratory tests. The use of the LDT for blood plasma samples confirmed its ability for such diagnostics with 73% accuracy. The diagnosis was based on relevant data, such as the detection of overrepresented metabolite sets associated with PD and other neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, the ability of the LDT to detect normal composition of low-molecular-weight compounds in blood was demonstrated, thus providing a definition of healthy at the molecular level. This LDT approach as a screening tool can be used for the further widespread testing for other diseases, since ‘omics’ tests, to which the metabolomic LDT belongs, cover a variety of them.

scholarly journals Anatomical variants of pulmonary segments and uni-portal thoracoscopic segmentectomy for lung cancer in a patient with Kartagener syndrome: a case report

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Zhou ◽  
Ye Tian ◽  
Yao Lu ◽  
Xueying Yang
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Rare Variants ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Situs Inversus Totalis ◽  
Middle Lobe ◽  
The Body ◽  
Kartagener Syndrome ◽  
Early Stage Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Lesion

AbstractSitus inversus totalis (SIT) is an extremely uncommon congenital disease where the major organs of the body are transposed through the sagittal plane. Kartagener syndrome is a complication of SIT with immotility of bronchial cilia, bronchiectasis, and chronic sinusitis. There is no report describing patients with Kartagener syndrome who accept uni-portal segmentectomies for lung cancer in past studies. Here we report a 74-year-old female patient with both Kartagener syndrome and a small early-stage lung cancer lesion located in the apical segment of the left upper lobe (LS1). The pulmonary segment anatomy of the left upper lobe in this case, which had very rare variants, was presented and interpreted in detail. This patient underwent an anatomic segmentectomy to the LS1 and a partial excision to the left middle lobe with bronchiectasis through a single 3 cm length incision. We believe that the case can give surgeons some experience and inspiration.

scholarly journals Clostridial Spores for Cancer Therapy: Targeting Solid Tumour Microenvironment

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany Umer ◽  
David Good ◽  
Jozef Anné ◽  
Wei Duan ◽  
Ming Q. Wei
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Solid Tumour ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Tumour Microenvironment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Solid Tumours ◽  
Current Status

Solid tumour accounts for 90% of all cancers. The current treatment approach for most solid tumours is surgery, however it is limited to early stage tumours. Other treatment options such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy are non-selective, thus causing damage to both healthy and cancerous tissue. Past research has focused on understanding tumour cells themselves, and conventional wisdom has aimed at targeting these cells directly. Recent research has shifted towards understanding the tumour microenvironment and it’s differences from that of healthy cells/tissues in the body and then to exploit these differences for treatmeat of the tumour. One such approach is utilizing anaerobic bacteria. Several strains of bacteria have been shown to selectively colonize in solid tumours, making them valuable tools for selective tumour targeting and destruction. Amongst them, the anaerobicClostridiumhas shown great potential in penetration and colonization of the hypoxic and necrotic areas of the tumour microenvironment, causing significant oncolysis as well as enabling the delivery of therapeutics directly to the tumourin situ. Various strategies utilizingClostridiumare currently being investigated, and represent a novel area of emerging cancer therapy. This review provides an update review of tumour microenvironment as well as summary of the progresses and current status of Clostridial spore-based cancer therapies.

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