Prevalence and Pattern of Psychiatric Morbidity Among Community-Dwelling Elderly Populations in Abeokuta, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 353-362
Author(s):  
Gbolagade Amoo ◽  
Adefolakemi Temitope Ogundele ◽  
Abayomi Oluseye Olajide ◽  
Maroh Great Ighoroje ◽  
Adedunmola Oluwaseun Oluwaranti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Psychological Disorder ◽  
Medical Illness ◽  
Elderly Persons

Background: Many elderly persons in Nigeria are having mental health challenges and there is a lack of commensurate increase in services to attend to such. Aim: To assess the prevalence, pattern and correlates of psychiatric morbidity among community dwelling elderly persons (≥ 60 years) in Abeokuta, Nigeria. Methods: 532 respondents were selected using a multistage, stratified cluster sampling method from the elderly population in Abeokuta. First, participants were administered the socio-demographic questionnaire, General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12), and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Those with a score of ≥ 3 in GHQ-12 were assessed with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI PLUS), while those with ≤ 16 in MMSE were assessed with the Diagnostic Statistical Manual (DSM) IV criteria for Dementia and the Petersen’s criteria for Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Results: 36.3% of the respondents had a probable psychological disorder, while 25.4% had a probable cognitive impairment. 9.8% had a current definitive psychiatric disorder. The commonest disorders were major depressive disorder and dementia. The female gender, the oldest old (≥ 80 years), having a chronic medical illness and bereavement in the last 1 year were most significantly associated with having mental health problems. Conclusion: A significant number of the elderly population in the studied community suffers from a psychiatric illness. It is hoped that studies as these will inform stakeholders on the need to pay closer attention to the mental health needs of the elderly, as their overall wellbeing plays a role in determining the overall health of the community.

scholarly journals Health risk assessment and countermeasure analysis of the elderly population exposed to PM2.5 microenvironment

Work ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Yan Xu ◽  
Wantian Cui
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Exposure Concentration ◽  
Physical Diseases ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND: China’s atmospheric PM2.5 pollution is serious, and PM2.5 exerts a negative impact on the human respiratory system, cardiovascular, and mental health, and even more serious health risk for the elderly with weak immunity. OBJECTIVE: This work aims to analyse the impacts of PM2.5 microenvironment exposure on the health of the elderly and provide corresponding countermeasures. METHODS: The survey subjects are 118 retired elderly people in the community. PM2.5 exposure concentrations are monitored in summer (June 10 ∼ July 10, 2019) and winter (November 25 ∼ December 25, 2019). RESULTS: The exposure concentration in winter is higher than that in summer, with statistical difference (P <  0.05). Under the impact of PM2.5 microenvironment exposure, smoking in the elderly can increase the concentration of PM2.5, and long-term exposure to PM2.5 in the elderly can cause mental health problems. CONCLUSION: Long-term exposure of the elderly to the PM2.5 microenvironment leads to physical diseases and even psychological problems, which requires attention.

scholarly journals Impact of cognitive performance on the functional capacity of an elderly population in Natal, Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 809-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keithlen Cruz Moreira de Castro ◽  
Ricardo Oliveira Guerra
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
State Examination

Functional incapacity and cognitive impairment are conditions related to the process of human aging. Cognitive impairment is considered an important predicitve factor for functional impairment in elderly populations. This cross-sectional study analyzes the association between cognitive performance and functional capacity in an elderly population sample in Natal, Brazil. A total of 213 elderly persons were assessed by the BOAS Multidimensional Questionnaire (Brazil Old Age Schedule) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The results of multivariate analysis and linear regression showed that age and schooling level are factors associated with cognitive performance in the elderly of this study. The final explicative model, elaborated by logistic regression, found that cognitive performance was the only predicitve variable of functional incapacity for the activities of daily living even when adjusted for sociodemographic variables.

The Elderly who Live Alone Their Mental Health and Social Relationships

1986 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Henderson ◽  
Ruth Scott ◽  
D. W. K. Kay
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Community Survey ◽  
Personal Networks ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Increased Risk

In a community survey of the elderly in Hobart, persons who lived alone were compared to those who lived with others. Those who lived alone were more often widows and had had more education. They had markedly fewer close relationships but as much other social interaction. They reported that their personal networks were as adequate as other elderly persons, yet they experienced much more loneliness. They had no higher a prevalence of depressive disorders or dementia on DSM-III criteria, but they did have a higher frequency of neurotic depression and some depressive symptoms, of which loneliness was one. Contrary to what might intuitively be expected, the elderly who live alone may not be a group at increased risk for formal psychiatric morbidity. Instead, they may have a moderate excess of dysphoric symptoms.

scholarly journals Cognitive Impairment, Depression, and Cooccurrence of Both among the Elderly in Panama: Differential Associations with Multimorbidity and Functional Limitations

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alcibiades E. Villarreal ◽  
Shantal Grajales ◽  
Lineth Lopez ◽  
Gabrielle B. Britton ◽  
Panama Aging Research Initiative
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Multinomial Regression

Cognitive impairment and depression are common mental health problems among the elderly, although few studies have examined their cooccurrence in older adults in Latin America. The purpose of this study was to examine cognitive impairment, depression, and cooccurrence of the two conditions and associated factors in a sample of older adults in Panama. This study included 304 community-dwelling elderly (≥65 years) individuals. Participants underwent a clinical interview and assessments of cognitive function by the Minimental State Examination and depressive symptoms by the Geriatric Depression Scale. Limitations in basic (BADL) and instrumental (IADL) activities in daily living and the presence of chronic illnesses were recorded. Multinomial regression analysis revealed that cooccurrence of cognitive impairment and depressive symptoms was explained by increasing age (OR: 3.2, 95% CI: 1.20, 8.30), low education (OR: 3.3, 95% CI: 1.33, 8.38), having four or more chronic conditions (OR: 11.5, 95% CI: 2.84, 46.63), and BADL limitations (OR: 5.0, 95% CI: 1.26, 19.68). Less education and limitations in BADL and IADL increased the odds of cognitive impairment alone, while less education and three or more chronic conditions increased the odds of depression alone. These findings underscore the relevance of assessing cognitive impairment in the elderly as part of a long-term approach to managing depression and vice versa.

Anticholinergic burden in inpatient psychogeriatric population – Do we care?

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S187-S187
Author(s):  
M. Lee ◽  
A. Warren ◽  
B. Zolotarev ◽  
J. Henderson ◽  
M. George
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Prescribing Patterns ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Older Person ◽  
Health Records ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Anticholinergic Burden

BackgroundAlthough recent studies have found that there is significant association between anticholinergic and cognitive impairment, especially in the elderly population, there seems to be minimal emphasis on anticholinergic burden (ACB) when prescribing medications to the inpatient psychogeriatric population.AimTo evaluate the prescribing patterns in Older Person Mental Health Inpatient Unit (OPMHU), whether the ACB Score on admission has been reviewed for lowest possible ACB while maintaining therapeutic effects. A protocol will be developed to ensure that ACB is reviewed for future admissions and discharges.MethodologyFifty patients admitted and discharged from OPMHU are recruited retrospectively from 30th September 2015, excluding outliers and deceased patients. For those who had multiple admissions during that period, only the most recent admission would be included for evaluation. Individual ACB score is calculated on admission and discharge based on pharmacist final medication summary. Their mental health records are also audited for any documented ACB review by the treating team, while making note for any pre-existing cognitive impairment.ResultACB has not been taken into consideration in all patients by the treating team on admission as well as when prescribing medications on discharge. Hence, it is unsurprising that the ACB score showed an increment of 30% on discharge (3.25) when compared to the admission score (2.5).ConclusionThe study found that although ACB poses significant risks on cognitive impairment, this knowledge has not been employed pragmatically. A protocol should be developed to ensure that ACB is evaluated and managed accordingly.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

The Kingston Geriatric Cognitive Battery

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Hopkins ◽  
Patti Dixon-Medora ◽  
Laura Krefting
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Multidisciplinary Assessment

Dementing illnesses are thought to account for over 50% of all mental health problems among the elderly. The diagnoses and treatments of dementing illnesses are complex, and occupational therapists frequently are called upon to contribute to the multidisciplinary assessment of cognitive impairment. The Kingston Geriatric Cognitive Battery is a tool developed to assist therapists in evaluating demented patients. This article describes the Kingston Geriatric Cognitive Battery and provides data on its validity and rater reliability.

scholarly journals Prevalence of urinary incontinence among the elderly and relationship with physical and mental health indicators

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marciane Kessler ◽  
Luiz Augusto Facchini ◽  
Mariangela Uhlmann Soares ◽  
Bruno Pereira Nunes ◽  
Sandra Mattos França ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Cognitive Deficit ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Physical And Mental Health

Abstract Objective: to verify the prevalence of urinary incontinence and its relationship with physical and mental health indicators in the elderly population of Bagé, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Method: a cross-sectional population-based study was conducted in 2008 with 1,593 elderly persons. Poisson regression was used for crude and adjusted analysis between the outcomes and the independent variables. Results: the prevalence of urinary incontinence was 20.7%, being 26.9% among women and 10.3% among men. The associated factors were female gender, age 70 to 74 and 75 years or over, yellow/brown/indigenous ethnicity/skin color and no schooling. The prevalence of functional disability, depression, cognitive deficit and very poor/poor self-perception of health was significantly higher in women with urinary incontinence. Among incontinent men, the same was observed with regard to functional disability and cognitive deficit. Conclusion: the occurrence of urinary incontinence in the elderly is frequent, especially in women, with a significant relationship with physical and mental health conditions in the elderly population. These results support the development of care strategies to prevent incontinence and minimize its health impacts.

Study on medication prescription in the elderly population: benzodiazepine use and potential drug interactions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Macedo Alvim ◽  
Danielle Teles da Cruz ◽  
Glenda de Almeida Aquino ◽  
Isabel Cristina Gonçalves Leite
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Inappropriate Medication ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Potential Drug ◽  
Elderly Individuals ◽  
Benzodiazepine Use

Abstract Background Prescription of medications for elderly individuals is complex, potentially involving polypharmacy, drug interactions, and inappropriate medication. Notable among the medications are benzodiazepines, whose long-term use is common and growing among the elderly population. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of potential drug interactions (PDI) in elderly community-dwelling patients who use benzodiazepines. Method Cross-sectional study, conducted via household survey, with 73 elderly persons in Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil. The search and classification of PDIs was carried out using the Micromedex® system. Results The prevalence of benzodiazepine use in this population was 18.3% (95% CI, 15.2-21.6). The use of benzodiazepines was associated with polypharmacy (p<0.01; PR 3.03; 95% CI, 1.79-5.26). A total of 157 PDI occurrences were found in 69.9% of the elderly people assessed. Of these, 25 were related to benzodiazepines. In the elderly individuals who use benzodiazepines, polypharmacy was associated with PDI (p<0.01; PR = 16.13; 95% CI, 4.67-55.55). PDI occurrence was high in the elderly people who use benzodiazepines, including interactions of highly significant clinical value. Conclusion In general, PDI is associated with polypharmacy, which demonstrates the need to rationalize drug use in the elderly population through continuous monitoring, seeking the simplest and safest possible therapeutic regimen.

scholarly journals Malnutrition in elderly: relationship with depression, loneliness and quality of life

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Simões ◽  
Ana Paula Amaral ◽  
Clara Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Mini Nutritional Assessment ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
High Prevalence

Abstract Background Depression and loneliness can lead to malnutrition in the elderly, while the greater the satisfaction with food, the lower the levels of depression and isolation, improving the quality of life. Analyze the relationship between malnutrition and mental health of the elderly. The rapid growth of the elderly population and, at the same time, the increase in mental health problems, such as depression, which has a high prevalence in the elderly population, demand attention to the quality of life of the elderly. The rapid growth of the elderly population and, at the same time, the increase in mental health problems, such as depression, which has a high prevalence in the elderly population, demand attention to the quality of life of the elderly. Methods Geriatric Depression Scale, Lubben Social Network Scale, WHOQOL-OLD and Mini Nutritional Assessment. 33 elderly, mean age 82.67 years (SD = 8.49). Results There is a significant negative correlation (r = -0.542; P = 0.001) between the values of EDGT and MNA, the higher the values of EDGT (more depressed), the lower those of MNA (more malnourished). Adequate nutritional status is related to better ERSLT and QoL values, however the results are not significant. Conclusions There is a significant relationship between malnutrition and an increase in depressive symptoms and, although the results are not significant, an adequate state of nutrition can be related to less sense of loneliness and better quality of life. Nutritional education interventions are justified to improve mental health and quality of life in aging.

scholarly journals The Association between Physical Activity and Selected Parameters of Psychological Status and Dementia in Older Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7549
Author(s):  
Angelika Cisek-Woźniak ◽  
Kinga Mruczyk ◽  
Rafał W. Wójciak
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Regular Physical Activity ◽  
Psychological Status ◽  
The Impact

Physical activity has an unquestionable impact on broadly understood human health. One interesting issue related to this is the importance of movement on mental health and cognitive functioning. Research shows that regular physical activity improves the cognitive functioning of adults and people with mental disorders. Regular physical activity can be an important and powerful protective factor in cognitive impairment and dementia in the elderly, and exercise is an important non-pharmacological treatment for mild cognitive impairment or neurodegenerative diseases. This study aims to present the impact of physical activity on selected cognitive functions in physically active women over 60 years of age. The research was carried out in a group of 110 generally healthy women from the area of western Poland over 60 years of age, who were divided into four groups based on the intensity of their physical activity. A pedometer (sport watch) and a physical activity diary were used to measure physical activity. Body Mass Index was assessed. Selected cognitive functions were assessed using the MMSE test, motor and psychomotor skills were measured, and Luria’s auditory memory test and recall test, a clock drawing test, and a GDS test were performed. There were statistically significant relationships between the level of physical activity and the effectiveness of cognitive processes. These results show that about 5000 steps a day is enough to see a positive effect on the mental health and cognitive functioning of this group of the elderly population. The women had an average BMI of 28.1 ± 4.7. BMI, indicating an overweight condition (over 30 kg/m2), was observed in 31% of women. The results of this study lead the authors to conclude that physical activity positively influences cognitive function and can be recommended for all seniors who do not have other serious comorbidities that would prevent them from playing sports.

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