Self-Reported Sensory Impairments in Older Adults and their Association with Self-Rated Health and Mortality Outcomes

2021 ◽  
pp. 089826432110591
Author(s):  
Bernard A. Steinman ◽  
Jennifer Tabler ◽  
Casandra M. Mittlieder ◽  
Bremen Whitlock ◽  
Carrie E. Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Sensory Impairment ◽  
Medicare Beneficiaries ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Sensory Impairments ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Health And Mortality

Objectives This study assessed the relationship between self-reported impairments of vision, hearing, and dual sensory impairment, and change in self-rated health/mortality status over a 5-year period. Methods Data came from the National Health and Aging Trends Study, a nationally representative survey of Medicare beneficiaries ages 65 and older. Analyses consisted of a series of ordinal logistic regressions stratified by sex. Results For both women and men, self-reported sensory impairments were not statistical predictors of self-rated health/mortality, when other dimensions of health, such as physical functioning, participation, and activities of daily living functioning were included in models. Discussion Understanding how self-reported sensory impairments impact self-rated health could assist in targeting rehabilitation strategies to older adults who experience sensory impairments.

scholarly journals Dual sensory impairment among a cohort of older adults living in Ireland: A nested case-control study of the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing cohort

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Eimear Cleary ◽  
Philip McCallion ◽  
Mary McCarron
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Sensory Impairment ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Dual Sensory Impairment

Background: Little information is available on the implications of hearing loss, visual impairment and dual sensory impairment among older adults with an intellectual disability (ID) living in Ireland and this paper aims to address the health concerns associated with sensory impairment among this population.  Methods: A representative sample of 753 persons aged 40 years and older at all levels of ID and full range of residential circumstances from the Intellectual Disability Supplement to the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (IDS-TILDA) participants were matched with general older population TILDA participants on age, sex and geographic location within Ireland. Demographic data on samples included age, sex, visual impairment (yes/no), hearing impairment (yes/no) and dual sensory impairment (yes/no). For those with intellectual disability (ID) data was also gathered on level of intellectual disability, residence, needing assistance with activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living, self-rated health, loneliness, doctor’s diagnosis of endocrine disease and of dementia and doctor’s report of two or more chronic health conditions. Bivariate analysis of associations between visual, hearing and dual sensory impairment with the measures of physical and mental health was completed and logistic regression analysis to generate adjusted odds ratios for associations between sensory impairment and physical and mental health conditions. Results: As compared to the matched general population participants, in participants with ID dual sensory impairment was more often associated with poor self-rated health, limitations with two or more ADLs, loneliness and multimorbidity. People with ID were 4.4 times more likely to be multimorbid if they were visually impaired compared with an odds ratio of 2.4 in TILDA participants. Conclusion: Previous studies found significant associations between hearing and visual impairment among older populations. Analysis here also suggests the burden of sensory impairment increases both with ID and then with level of ID

scholarly journals Trajectories of Homebound Status in Medicare Beneficiaries Aged 65 and Older

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoling Xiang ◽  
Jieling Chen ◽  
MinHee Kim
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Medicare Beneficiaries ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Design And Methods

Abstract Background and Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the trajectories of homebound status in older adults and to investigate the risk factors in shaping the pattern of these trajectories. Research Design and Methods The study sample was a nationally representative sample of Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 and older (N = 7,607) from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (Round 1–Round 7). Homebound state was defined as never or rarely went out the home in the last month. Homebound trajectories were identified using an enhanced group-based trajectory modeling that accounted for nonrandom attrition. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine risk factors of homebound trajectories. Results Three trajectory groups were identified: the “never” group (65.5%) remained nonhomebound; the “chronic” group were largely persistently homebound (8.3%); and the “onset” group (26.2%) had a rapid increase in their risk of being homebound over the 7-year period. The following factors increased the relative risk for being on the “onset” and “chronic” versus the “never” trajectory: older age, Hispanic ethnicity, social isolation, past or current smoking, instrumental activities of daily living limitations, probable dementia, and use of a walker or wheelchair. Male sex and living alone were associated with a lower risk of being on the “chronic” trajectory, whereas depression and anxiety symptoms, chronic conditions, and activities of daily living limitations increased the risk. Discussion and Implications The progression of homebound status among community-dwelling older adults followed three distinct trajectories over a 7-year period. Addressing social isolation and other risk factors may prevent or delay the progression to homebound state.

scholarly journals How Long Do Older Adults Remain Homebound in the Community? Implications for Long-Term Services and Support Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 711-712
Author(s):  
Katherine Ornstein ◽  
Jennifer Reckrey ◽  
Evan Bollens-Lund ◽  
Katelyn Ferreira ◽  
Mohammed Husain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Models Of Care ◽  
Medicare Beneficiaries ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Survey Weighting ◽  
Growing Population

Abstract A large and growing population of older adults with multimorbidity, cognitive impairment, and functional disability live in the community but are homebound (never/rarely leave home). While homebound status is associated with decreased access to medical services and poor health outcomes, it is unclear how long individuals remain homebound. We used the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), a nationally representative sample of Medicare beneficiaries age 65 and over, with survey weighting to assess duration of homebound status in the community. Among the incident homebound in 2016 (n=253) , only 28% remained homebound after 1 year. 21% died, 18% were recovered, and one-third left the home but still reported difficulty. As the locus of long-term care shifts from nursing homes to the community and models of care expand to serve the needs of the homebound, it is critical that we better understand the heterogeneity and transitions of the homebound population.

The relationship between activities of daily living,falls and fear of falling in older adults : A crosssectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 420-425
Author(s):  
Hamed Mortazavi ◽  
Mahbubeh Tabatabaeichehr ◽  
Masoumeh Taherpour ◽  
Mohadece Masoumi
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Fear Of Falling ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
The Relationship

Objective : Doingactivities of daily living can bring independence for the elderly. It can also maintain their health and social participation. However, experience of falls and fear of falling can affect the health and personal social life of the elderly. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between falls and fear of falling with activities of daily living in older adults. Materials and methods : Four hundred and fifty elderly persons were enrolled in this cross-sectional study using cluster sampling. Demographic variables, Fall Efficacy Scale- International (FES-I) and questionnaires related to the study of activities of daily living were employed. To investigate advanced activities of daily living, open-ended questions were used. The history of falls within the last 12 months was investigated. Results : Mean score of basic activities of daily living in the elderly being studied was 15.49±1.74, and 95.4% of them were independent in doing these activities.Mean score of instrumental activities of daily living was 11.30±3.36, and 71.5% of them were independent in doing these activities. Participation of elderly persons in social activities was reported to be 77.9%. There was a significant relationship between activities of daily living (basic, instrumental, and advanced) and falls and fear of falling (p<0.05). Conclusion : Falls and fear of falling reduce the independence of elderly persons in doing activities of daily living. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(2) 2021 p.420-425

scholarly journals Religiosity and self-rated health among older adults in Colombia

2019 ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Carlos A Reyes Ortiz ◽  
Claudia Payan ◽  
Geraldine Altamar ◽  
Jose F Gomez Montes ◽  
Harold G Koenig
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Fair Poor ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: To identify the relationship between religiosity and self-rated health among older adults in Colombia. Methods: Data are drawn from the SABE (Salud, Bienestar y Envejecimiento) Colombia Study, a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2015 involving 18,871 community-dwelling adults aged 60 years and older living in urban and rural areas of Colombia. Religiosity was assessed by self-rated religiosity (how religious are you: not at all, somewhat or very). Self-rated health during previous 30 days was assessed as very good, good, fair, poor or very poor, analyzed as an ordinal variable(1-5) using weighted logistic regression, adjusting for confounders. Results: Those who were more religious were older, female, had lower socioeconomic status, and were more likely to be married. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that older adults who were more religious had better self-rated health (OR 0.92 95% CI 0.86- 0.99, p= 0.038); however, there was a significant interaction effect between gender and religiosity on self-rated health (p= 0.002), such that the relationship between religiosity and health was stronger in men (OR 0.86, 95% CI: 0.79-0.94, p= 0.001) but not significant in women. Conclusion: Older adults in Colombia who consider themselves more religious, especially men, are less likely to perceive their physical health as poor compared to those who are less religious.

scholarly journals THE DIFFERENTIAL INFLUENCE OF REGIONAL CONTEXT ON LATER-LIFE HEALTH AND MORTALITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S806-S806
Author(s):  
Alicia Riley
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
The South ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Health And Mortality ◽  
The U.S

Abstract This study examines regional disparities in later life health from a life course perspective. To sort out when and how region influences health over the life course, I focus on the sharp contrast between the South and the rest of the U.S. in health and mortality. I draw on data from the National Life Health and Aging Project (NSHAP), a nationally representative sample of community-dwelling older adults in the U.S., to estimate the differential risk of multiple health outcomes and mortality by regional trajectory. I find that older adults who leave the South are worse off in multiple outcomes than those who stay. I also find evidence of a protective health effect of community cohesion and dense social networks for the Southerners who stay in the South. My results suggest that regional trajectory influences health in later life through its associations with socioeconomic status, access to healthcare, and social rootedness.

scholarly journals TRAJECTORIES OF SUBJECTIVE MEMORY IMPAIRMENT AND OBJECTIVE COGNITIVE DECLINE IN U.S. OLDER ADULTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S205-S205
Author(s):  
Hanzhang Xu ◽  
Matthew E Dupre ◽  
Bei Wu
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Subjective Memory ◽  
Subjective Memory Impairment ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Dual Trajectories ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Low Educated ◽  
Retirement Study

Abstract We examined the dual trajectories of subjective memory impairment (SMI) and objective cognitive decline and their associated factors in U.S. older adults. We used data from the Health and Retirement Study which includes a nationally representative sample of 19,408 Americans age 65 and older from 1998 to 2016. Trajectories of SMI and objective cognitive decline were simultaneously characterized using a group-based trajectory model and multinomial logistic regressions were used to assess factors associated with the dual-trajectory typologies. Four dual-trajectories were identified: “minimal SMI and stable-low cognitive decline” (33.1% of respondents); “minimal SMI with accelerated cognitive decline” (28.2%); “significant SMI with moderate cognitive decline” (21.0%); and “moderate SMI with steady cognitive decline” (17.6%). Being male, minority, low educated, living alone, and having comorbidities were associated with trajectories featuring greater SMI or more rapid deterioration in cognition. The results suggest complex co-occurring changes in subjective memory and objective cognition in older adults.

scholarly journals Functional Hearing Loss and Social Engagement Among Medicare Beneficiaries

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aishwarya Shukla ◽  
Thomas K M Cudjoe ◽  
Frank R Lin ◽  
Nicholas S Reed
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Medicare Beneficiaries ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Hearing Ability ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Objectives Hearing loss is common in older adults and limits communication. We investigated the independent association between functional hearing loss and social engagement in a nationally representative sample of older adults. Methods Using data from the 2015 Medicare Current Beneficiaries Survey, we modeled the cross-sectional association between self-reported hearing ability and limitation in social activity over the past month using multivariable logistic regression. Results The majority of the study population was female (54.8%) and non-Hispanic white (74.3%). Participants (40.4%) reported “a little trouble” hearing and 7.4% reported “a lot of trouble” hearing. Those who reported any trouble hearing had higher odds of limited social engagement in the past month. After adjustment for demographic, clinical, and functional covariates, those who reported “a lot of trouble” hearing had 37% higher odds of limited social activity in the past month compared to those with normal hearing. Discussion These results suggest that hearing loss may be an important risk factor for limited social engagement and downstream negative health consequences, independent of other disability and health conditions.

scholarly journals NEIGHBORHOOD AGE COMPOSITION AND SELF-RATED HEALTH: FINDINGS FROM A NATIONALLY REPRESENTATIVE STUDY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S64-S64
Author(s):  
Amanda Lehning ◽  
Amanda J Lehning ◽  
Nicole Mattocks ◽  
Kyeongmo Kim ◽  
Richard J Smith
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Neighborhood Change ◽  
Age Composition ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Representative Study ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Conceptual Work

Abstract Neighborhood age composition is an understudied area. Furthermore, existing empirical and conceptual work is conflicting, with some indicating neighborhoods with more older adults are beneficial and other scholarship suggesting it can be detrimental. Using data from 7,197 older adults from the first wave (2011) of the National Health & Aging Trends Study combined with census tract data from the National Neighborhood Change Database, we examined the association between neighborhood age composition and self-rated health. Findings from logistic regression models indicate those living in neighborhoods with a growing concentration of older residents are significantly more likely to report lower self-rated health compared to those living in a neighborhood in which older adults overall are declining (β=1.51, p &lt; .05) or are becoming diluted by younger residents (β=.66, p &lt; .05). Results have implications for interventions promoting aging in place, particularly for those who may be stuck in place in age-concentrated neighborhoods.

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