Fault diagnosis of journal bearing in a hydropower plant using wear debris, vibration and temperature analysis: A case study

2020 ◽  
Vol 234 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Ranjan ◽  
Subrata Kumar Ghosh ◽  
Manoj Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Wear Debris ◽  
Journal Bearing ◽  
Vibrational Energy ◽  
Hydropower Plant ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Wear Particles ◽  
Vibration Data ◽  
Abnormal Increase ◽  
Thrust Pad

Analysis of wear debris, vibration and temperature of journal bearing has been integrated to increase the accuracy in fault diagnosis of a hydropower plant. Samples of used lubricating oil, vibration data and bearing temperature at different intervals were collected. Wear particles and acceleration caused by vibration were analysed for the fault detections. An abnormal increase in the temperature and vibrational energy was observed after 200 days of continuous operations. In the last sample, an abnormal increase in aspect ratio of the wear particles was also observed. Scratches and wiping mark were found over the surface of bearing block and side thrust pad. This confirmed the fault of machine by the analysis of condition monitoring data. Further rectification was done by the replacement of bearing block.

scholarly journals A simple method of suspending implant wear particles for more physiological modelling of cell-particle interactions in vitro

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Poon
Keyword(s):  
Wear Debris ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Wear Particle ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Wear Particles ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Implant Wear

AbstractArthroplasty implants e.g. hip, knee, spinal disc sustain relatively high compressive loading and friction wear, which lead to the formation of wear particles or debris between articulating surfaces. Despite advances in orthopaedic materials and surface treatments, the production of wear debris from any part of a joint arthroplasty implant is currently unavoidable. Implant wear debris induces host immune responses and inflammation, which causes patient pain and ultimately implant failure through progressive inflammation-mediated osteolysis and implant loosening, where the severity and rate of periprosthetic osteolysis depends on the material and physicochemical characteristics of the wear particles. Evaluating the cytotoxicity of implant wear particles is important for regulatory approved clinical application of arthroplasty implants, as is the study of cell-particle response pathways. However, the wear particles of polymeric materials commonly used for arthroplasty implants tend to float when placed in culture media, which limits their contact with cell cultures. This study reports a simple means of suspending wear particles in liquid medium using sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) to provide a more realistic proxy of the interaction between cells and tissues to wear particles in vivo, which are free-floating in synovial fluid within the joint cavity. Low concentrations of NaCMC dissolved in culture medium were found to be effective for suspending polymeric wear particles. Such suspensions may be used as more physiologically-relevant means for testing cellular responses to implant wear debris, as well as studying the combinative effects of shear and wear particle abrasion on cells in a dynamic culture environments such as perfused tissue-on-chip devices.

scholarly journals Reliable Fault Diagnosis of Bearings Using an Optimized Stacked Variational Denoising Auto-Encoder

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Xiaoan Yan ◽  
Yadong Xu ◽  
Daoming She ◽  
Wan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Identification Accuracy ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Rolling Bearings ◽  
Softmax Classifier ◽  
Vibration Data ◽  
Fault Recognition ◽  
Fault Features ◽  
Latent Features

Variational auto-encoders (VAE) have recently been successfully applied in the intelligent fault diagnosis of rolling bearings due to its self-learning ability and robustness. However, the hyper-parameters of VAEs depend, to a significant extent, on artificial settings, which is regarded as a common and key problem in existing deep learning models. Additionally, its anti-noise capability may face a decline when VAE is used to analyze bearing vibration data under loud environmental noise. Therefore, in order to improve the anti-noise performance of the VAE model and adaptively select its parameters, this paper proposes an optimized stacked variational denoising autoencoder (OSVDAE) for the reliable fault diagnosis of bearings. Within the proposed method, a robust network, named variational denoising auto-encoder (VDAE), is, first, designed by integrating VAE and a denoising auto-encoder (DAE). Subsequently, a stacked variational denoising auto-encoder (SVDAE) architecture is constructed to extract the robust and discriminative latent fault features via stacking VDAE networks layer on layer, wherein the important parameters of the SVDAE model are automatically determined by employing a novel meta-heuristic intelligent optimizer known as the seagull optimization algorithm (SOA). Finally, the extracted latent features are imported into a softmax classifier to obtain the results of fault recognition in rolling bearings. Experiments are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results of analysis indicate that the proposed method not only can achieve a high identification accuracy for different bearing health conditions, but also outperforms some representative deep learning methods.

scholarly journals Fault Diagnosis of Industrial Gear Hobbing Machine

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 2039-2043
Keyword(s):  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Vibrational Analysis ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Mems Accelerometer ◽  
Spectral Kurtosis ◽  
Vibration Data ◽  
Gear Hobbing ◽  
Dynamic Time

The aim of this paper is to develop a fault diagnosis algorithm by vibrational analysis for an industrial gear hobbing machine. Gear Hobbing is the most dominant and profitable process for manufacturing high quality gears. In order to sustain the market competition gear manufacturers, need to produce high quality gears with minimum possible cost. However, catastrophic failures do occur in gear hobbing process which causes unexpected machine down time and revenue loss. These failures can be avoided by using condition monitoring approaches. In the proposed approach vibration data during different faults such as lubrication error, excessive feed rate, loose bearing error is collected from an industrial gear hobbing machine using three axis MEMS accelerometer. The collected data is analyzed and classified with spectral kurtosis and Dynamic Time Warping algorithm. The efficiency of the proposed approach is 90 percent as determined by experimental results. The proposed approach can provide a low-cost solution for predictive maintenance for gear hobbing industries..

scholarly journals The beneficial effect of oxidation on the lubricating properties of oil

1933 ◽  
Vol 139 (838) ◽  
pp. 447-459 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Journal Bearing ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Oil Film ◽  
Mineral Oils ◽  
Continuous Rotation ◽  
Made In ◽  
Lubricating Properties

Journal bearing friction experiments have been made generally at relatively low temperatures and otherwise in conditions tending to prevent oxidation of the lubricating oil. Thus Beauchamp Tower’s experiments led Reynolds to the conclusion that fluid friction alone prevails in an oil film maintained by continuous rotation of the journal and that boundary conditions do not become sensible. The more recent experiments by Stanton, undertaken after the Physical Society discussion of 1919, were made to verify the conclusion, and confirmed that especially for mineral oils, “the conditions were in all cases those of perfect lubrication ( i. e ., complete fluid lubrication), no approximation to the hypothetical ones of boundary lubrication being observed,” “the conditions of lubrication of a cylindrical journal being of the Reynolds’ type right up to the seizing pressure. Stanton’s experimental conditions were such that oxidation effects were not obtained. The feed to the journal bearing was always by fresh, not circulated, oil and the temperature of the oil film was maintained at 51·6° C., i. e ., at least 50° lower than required to induce oxidation in a mineral oil particularly susceptible to the effect. The possibility that oxidation might lead to boundary conditions becoming a factor in the measurements was not considered. Oxidation of the oil used to lubricate internalcombustion engines cannot be avoided in the usual conditions of operation, and an investigation of the effect on lubricating value was begun, in connection with experiments made in association with Professor Callendar, on the oxidation of the lighter oils used as engine fuel. The results of lubrication experiments made directly on engines were difficult to interpret. The friction measured is mainly that due to the reciprocating motion of the pistons in the cylinders and oxidation being uncontrolled, the resulting accumulation of semisolid products leads to secondary friction effects greater in magnitude than the primary effect attributable to the fluid alone. The conditions of journal bearing lubrication, on the other hand, can be controlled and friction measured with fair accuracy and it appeared therefore that the investigation could be continued most effectively by using journal bearing testing machines. Machines adapted to be run at the relatively high temperature required for the oxidation of mineral oils had been designed at the N. P. L. by Mr. C. Jakeman in association with whom the experiments were continued, by permission of the authorities concerned.

Research on Analysis of Lubrication Oil in Fault Diagnosis of Vehicle Engine in Mechanical Engineering

2013 ◽  
Vol 644 ◽  
pp. 308-311
Author(s):  
Jun Gu ◽  
Jing Jing Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Mechanical Engineering ◽  
Abrasive Particle ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Particle Spectrum ◽  
Technology Analysis ◽  
Vehicle Engine ◽  
Lubrication Oil

The malfunction of Engine is expounded systematically due to engine lubricating oil. Common malfunction mode and Studies, oil technology analysis and abrasive particle spectrum make method of diagnosis and process possible. Contrast of oil abrasive particle with spectrum helps to find out the malfunction cause and wear part.

Performance of a Short Multi-Grooved Capillary Compensated Hydrostatic Journal Bearing

1968 ◽  
Vol 183 (16) ◽  
pp. 107-115
Author(s):  
J. K. Patrick ◽  
N. N. S. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Journal Bearing ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Load Carrying Capacity ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Capillary Type ◽  
First Time ◽  
Oil Film Pressure

This paper presents the results of an extensive experimental investigation into the performance of a short multi-grooved bearing subjected to a range of static and alternating loads. Lubricating oil was supplied, at pressures of up to 2000 lb/in2, to capillary type restrictors connected to 10 closed-end axial grooves in the bearing. The bearing had a length/diameter ratio of 1/3 and operated with a journal speed and load frequency of 327 c/min. Measured load capacity, stiffness, and flow characteristics indicate that bearings of this type have a significant load-carrying capacity at zero journal speed and that the load capacity is increased by journal rotation. A feature of the journal behaviour under alternating loads is the movement of the journal centre along a straight line coincident with the load plane. The extensive oil film pressure surveys indicate for the first time the pressure distribution within narrow hydrostatic bearings and provide a basis for a realistic theoretical analysis of this type of bearing.

scholarly journals Neural cell responses to wear debris from metal-on-metal total disc replacements

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 2701-2712
Author(s):  
H. Lee ◽  
J. B. Phillips ◽  
R. M. Hall ◽  
Joanne L. Tipper
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Glial Cell ◽  
Wear Debris ◽  
Particle Production ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
Dna Integrity ◽  
Wear Particles ◽  
Astrocyte Activation ◽  
2D And 3D

Purpose Abstract Total disc replacements, comprising all-metal articulations, are compromised by wear and particle production. Metallic wear debris and ions trigger a range of biological responses including inflammation, genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, hypersensitivity and pseudotumour formation, therefore we hypothesise that, due to proximity to the spinal cord, glial cells may be adversely affected. Methods Clinically relevant cobalt chrome (CoCr) and stainless steel (SS) wear particles were generated using a six-station pin-on-plate wear simulator. The effects of metallic particles (0.5–50 μm3 debris per cell) and metal ions on glial cell viability, cellular activity (glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression) and DNA integrity were investigated in 2D and 3D culture using live/dead, immunocytochemistry and a comet assay, respectively. Results CoCr wear particles and ions caused significant reductions in glial cell viability in both 2D and 3D culture systems. Stainless steel particles did not affect glial cell viability or astrocyte activation. In contrast, ions released from SS caused significant reductions in glial cell viability, an effect that was especially noticeable when astrocytes were cultured in isolation without microglia. DNA damage was observed in both cell types and with both biomaterials tested. CoCr wear particles had a dose-dependent effect on astrocyte activation, measured through expression of GFAP. Conclusions The results from this study suggest that microglia influence the effects that metal particles have on astrocytes, that SS ions and particles play a role in the adverse effects observed and that SS is a less toxic biomaterial than CoCr alloy for use in spinal devices. Graphic abstract These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.

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