Development of an ear cap in chronic suppurative otitis media using additive manufacturing and TRIZ

2018 ◽  
Vol 232 (7) ◽  
pp. 733-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahesh B Mawale ◽  
Abhaykumar Kuthe ◽  
Anupama M Mawale ◽  
Sandeep W Dahake
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Collaborative Tool ◽  
Middle Ear Infection

The prevalence rate of chronic suppurative otitis media is high and its treatment continues to be a challenge for the otorhinolaryngologists. Due to middle ear infection, there may be pain, hearing loss and spontaneous rupture of the eardrum which results in perforation. Infections can cause a hole in the eardrum as a side effect of otitis media. The patients suffering from ear perforation or having a hole in eardrum require preventing entry of water in the ear. This article describes the development of ear cap using additive manufacturing and TRIZ (a collaborative tool) to prevent the entry of water in the ear during chronic otitis media.

Tympanosclerosis: review of literature and incidence among patients with middle-ear infection

1999 ◽  
Vol 113 (12) ◽  
pp. 1076-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saad Asiri ◽  
Alaa Hasham ◽  
Fatma Al Anazy ◽  
Siraj Zakzouk ◽  
Adel Banjar
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear Infection

AbstractThe aim of the study was to review the literature of tympanoscierosis especially its pathogenesis, to study the general incidence of tympanoscierosis among patients with chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM), its association with cholesteatoma and also the type of hearing loss as well as its relation to the degree and site of tympanosclerosis.Seven hundred and seventy-five patients with CSOM were studied retrospectively. A full history was taken and thorough ENT examinations were carried out. Pure tone audiograms (PTA) of all patients were done and analysed. The operative finding of tympanosclerosis as well as middle-ear status were inspected.The incidence of tympanosclerosis was found to be 11.6 per cent (90 patients out of 775 CSOM cases). Most tympanosclerosis cases had dry ear, (85.6 per cent). Of the 57.8 per cent who had myringosclerosis, their PTA showed an AB gap 20–40 dB. When sclerosis affect both the tympanic membrane and middle ear, 61 per cent of patients had an AB gap >40 dB. The association of cholesteatoma and tympanosclerosis may be regarded as uncommon, 2.2 per cent.The exact aetiology and pathogenesis of tympanosclerosis is as yet not well known. Our study concentrated on the clinical picture of tympanosclerosis among patients with CSOM. The majority of hearing loss associated with tympanosclerosis was of the conductive type.

Colligation of Hearing Loss and Chronic Otitis Media

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1817-1819
Author(s):  
Bakht Aziz ◽  
Nasir Riaz ◽  
Ateeq ur rehman ◽  
Mohammad Irshad Malik ◽  
Kashif Iqbal Malik
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Pure Tone Audiometry ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media

Background: Permanent perforation in the eardrum with persistent drainage from middle ear for more than six weeks is labelled as chronic suppurative otitis media. The major disability of long standing chronic suppurative otitis media presents as disability in hearing thresholds both in young children and adults. The disease has a fewer prevalence in urban regions and mostly is found in the rural population. Aim: To identifying the Prevalence of hearing loss which is sensorineural in patients having middle ear chronic infection (CSOM). Study design & setting: Cross-sectional survey conducted in the department of ENT, Jinnah Hospital Duration/date of the study: 01st February 2020 to 31STJuly 2020 Methods: A Total number of 180 patients were included as a sample in the study. Keeping the level of confidence to 95% and keeping the margin of error to minimum to 5%. These statistics were generated keeping the frequency level of hearing in these patients to minial of 16%. The sampling technique would be non probability type of sampling with a purpose. Results: The results of the study concluded that patients of both sex ranged between first decade and fifth decade. A total of 180 patients had 114 male gender and 66 female gender patients. Patients having chronic middle ear disease were segregated into CSOM (tubo tympanic) with 137 patients and CSOM (attico antral) with 43 patients. The primary indicator of hearing loss in these patients however showed 23 patients having a hearing loss of sensori neural type and 157 patients did not have any sensori neural hearing loss. Conclusions: This research study draws a conclusion that majority cases of chronic middle ear infection is usually the safe type (Tubo tympanic) while a very fewer of these patients of CSOM would have (Attico antral) or dangerous type of CSOM. The major variable of the research, in the form of hearing loss which was sensori neural in patients presenting with CSOM was (12.8%). This percentage is much lower when compared with conductive hearing loss in CSOM. Keywords: Otitis media of chronic type with suppuration, pure tone audiometry, sensory neural hearing loss

scholarly journals Investigation of the Presence of Biofilms in Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media, Nonsuppurative Otitis Media, and Chronic Otitis Media with Cholesteatoma by Scanning Electron Microscopy

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ercan Kaya ◽  
Ilknur Dag ◽  
Armagan Incesulu ◽  
Melek Kezban Gurbuz ◽  
Mustafa Acar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear Mucosa ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Scanning Electron

Objective. Biofilms have been shown to play a major role in the pathogenesis of otolaryngologic infections. However, very limited studies have been undertaken to demonstrate the presence of biofilms in tissues from patients with chronic otitis media (COM) with or without cholesteatoma. Our objective is to study the presence of biofilms in humans with chronic suppurative and nonsuppurative otitis media and cholesteatoma.Study Design. In all, 102 tissue specimens (middle ear, mastoid tissue, and ossicle samples) were collected during surgery from 34 patients.Methods. The samples were processed for the investigation of biofilms by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Results. Our research supports the hypothesis in which biofilms are involved in chronic suppurative otitis media, cholesteatoma, and, to a lesser degree, chronic nonsuppurative otitis media. There were higher rates in hypertrophic and granulated tissue samples than in normal mucosa. In addition, the presence of biofilms was significantly higher in the middle ear mucosa compared with the mastoid and ossicle samples.Conclusion. In the clinic, the careful use of topical or systemic antimicrobials is essential, and, during surgery, hypertrophic tissue must be carefully removed from normal tissue.

scholarly journals Spectrum of clinical characteristics of chronic suppurative otitis media unsafe type: a retrospective study from a tertiary care teaching hospital in Central India

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 1105
Author(s):  
Rashmi Hansdah ◽  
Kavita Sachdeva
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Central India ◽  
Neck Surgery ◽  
Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Retropharyngeal Abscess ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media

<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM)-unsafe type or atticoantral disease or chronic otitis media-squamosal type is a commonly encountered bone eroding disease of the middle ear whose complications can be potentially fatal.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> Retrospective analysis of 80 patients who underwent mastoid exploration in the department of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery, NSCBMCH, Jabalpur between June 2016 and May 2017.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Unsafe CSOM is commoner in young males of 16-30-year age group. Foul smelling, scanty, purulent ear discharge was the commonest symptom (97.5%). Attic perforation was the most consistent otoscopic finding (47.5% cases). 15% of our patients had central perforations. Conductive hearing loss was most common (62%) followed by mixed hearing loss (23%) and sensorineural hearing loss (11%). Commonest complication encountered was mastoiditis (27 cases). Mastoidectomy with tympanoplasty was done in almost all cases (97.5%). Attic (96.2%), additus (90%), and antrum (86.2%) were commonly involved by disease process. Incus was found to be most susceptible to erosion (88.5%) while stapes was most resistant (36.25%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Unsafe CSOM presenting late warrant prompt diagnosis and surgical intervention. Unusual presentation like retropharyngeal abscess and trismus should raise suspicion of complicated unsafe CSOM in patients with history of otorrhoea. Canal wall down mastoidectomy with rehabilitation of hearing is the surgery of choice in patients who are unlikely to follow up regularly.</p>

scholarly journals Anterior epitympanic attic antrum space obstruction and symptom onset associated with myringosclerosis in benign chronic suppurative otitis media

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 2013
Author(s):  
Zulfikar Naftali ◽  
Suprihati . ◽  
Dharmana E. ◽  
Setyawan H.
Keyword(s):  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Symptom Onset ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Control Approach

Background: The AAA (Anterior epitympanic, Attic, and Antrum) space is the space between the mastoid and middle ear which functions to balance the pressure in both organs (buffer). Pathological tissue in the AAA cavity due to chronic infection would disrupt the buffer function and could change the morphology of the mucosa in the tympanic membrane and middle ear. Obstruction in the AAA space measured subjectively by observing the smoothness of the flow using saline solution has been shown to be associated with a plaque in the tympanic membrane (myringosclerosis) in Chronic Otitis Media (COM) patients. This study aims to determine the relationship between AAA space obstructions with myringosclerosis using CT-Scan for an objective result.Methods: Retrospective study with case-control approach used in this study. Case criterias are Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) patients with myringosclerosis, both men and women and age 15-50 years, while the control group are benign CSOM patients without myringosclerosis. Data were analyzed with the chi-square test to prove the association between the AAA space status and length of symptom onset with myringosclerosis.Results: During January 2017-December 2019 there were 33 respondents, 19 cases and 14 controls, 21 men and 12 women with an average age of 35 years (cases) and 23.5 years (control). The length of symptom onset more than 5 years (p <0.05, OR 6.94 with CI 0.5-1.5) and AAA space obstruction (p <0.05 OR 34.25 with CI 0.8-1.8) has been shown to be associated with myringosclerosis in people with benign CSOM.Conclusions: AAA space obstruction and symptom onset more than 5 years significantly associated with myringosclerosis. 

Surgical Management of Eustachian Tube Dysfunction and Its Importance in Middle Ear Effusion

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 774-777
Author(s):  
James A. Donaldson
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Tympanic Membrane Perforation ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear Fluid ◽  
Middle Ear Infection ◽  
Middle Ear Ventilation ◽  
Tube Dysfunction

One of otology's most significant advances in this century has been the reintroduction by Armstrong1 of the concept and the technique for restoration of middle ear ventilation. Previous attempts by such legendary otologists as Toynbee2 and Politzer3 had been ineffective and short-lived. The consequences of ineffective ventilation of the tympanum have plagued otologists for many years. In many instances, adequate ventilation of the tympanum can be accomplished by appropriate medical management. In others it is necessary to ventilate the tympanum by maintaining a tympanic membrane perforation with a ventilating tube. Problem Otologists are confronted daily with patients whose ears are not functioning optimally because of poor middle ear ventilation and/or middle ear fluid. The middle ear fluid may persist as the residual from a middle ear infection which has not yet been completely treated. (Complete treatment would necessarily require restoration of hearing and eradication of fluid.) It has been estimated that 10% of patients with acute suppurative otitis media treated with appropriate antibiotics and oral or topical nasal vasoconstrictors, with or without initial myringotomy, have residual middle ear fluid.4 Recent data suggest that children with persistent otoscopic, tympanometric, and audiologic changes have restricted development of some auditory processing skills as well as distortion of integrational patterns.5 This was found even when the hearing loss for speech frequencies averaged only 30 dB. In addition to persistent middle ear fluid, otologists are concerned about middle ear vacuum associated with hearing loss or with middle ear atelectasis. The atelectasis is an especially disturbing problem because it is part of a continuum which may progress from asymptomatic middle ear vacuum through varying degrees of reversible atelectasis to irreversible atelectasis or adhesive otitis media (Figure).

Acute Otitis Media Increases Middle Ear Susceptibility to Nasal Injection of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

1994 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-121
Author(s):  
Patrick J. Antonelli ◽  
Steven K. John ◽  
Chap T. Le ◽  
G. Scott Giebink
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Fourth Group ◽  
Middle Ear Infection ◽  
Penicillin Treatment

Pseudomonas aeruginosa was injected intranasally into four groups of chinchillas to determine if these bacteria can invade the middle ear by way of the eustachian tube. One group completed penicillin treatment of bilateral penumococcal otitis media (POM), and the second group started penicillin treatment of bilateral POM at the time of P. aeruginosa injection. A third group had no POM, but completed a course of penicillin treatment before P. aeruginosa injection, and a fourth group had no POM and received no penicillin. Middle ear susceptibility to nasally injected P. aeruginosa was significantly higher in animals with POM (61%) than in animals without POM (32%, p = 0.001). Forced eustachian tube opening pressures did not correlate with P. aeruginosa susceptibility. Thus, P. aeruginosa, the principle pathogen of chronic suppurative otitis media, can invade the middle ear by way of the eustachian tube, and acute otitis media predisposes to middle ear infection by P. aeurginosa.

scholarly journals An association of sensorineural hearing loss in mucosal type of chronic suppurative otitis media

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 712
Author(s):  
Santosh Malashetti ◽  
Prabhu Khavasi ◽  
Prasen Reddy ◽  
Karra Bhargavi
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Bone Conduction ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing ◽  
Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Chronic suppurative otitis media of mucosal variety is one of the most common cause of conductive hearing loss worldwide. Sensorinueral hearing loss is rare but well established complication of chronic suppurative otitis media of squamosal variety. We made an attempt to view the sensorineural hearing loss in mucosal type of chronic otitis media and keeping objectives and aims as follows occurrence of sensorinueral hearing loss in mucosal type of chronic suppurative otitis media; relation of sensorinueral component with age, gender and duration in mucosal type of chronic suppurative otitis media.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A total of 105 cases of mucosal type of CSOM were studied retrospectively for the pattern of hearing impairement on the basis of pure tone audiogram in a Tertiary care hospital. Relation 0f sensorinueral hearing loss with with age, gender and duration in mucosal type of CSOM is compared and tabulated with various studies.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Out of total 105 cases of CSOM of mucosal variety 30 (28.57%) had sensorinueral hearing loss affecting 13 males and 17 females with males to females ratio of 1:1.3.Mean bone conduction thresholds in males at 1 kh, 2 kh and 4 kh is 30.38%, 38.46% and 46.15% respectively and Mean bone conduction thresholds in females at 1 kh, 2 kh and 4 kh is 30.88%, 35% and 44.41% respectively.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Significant sensorinueral hearing loss was seen in our study. Age, gender and duration didn’t have any impact on degree of sensorinueral hearing loss.</p>

scholarly journals Tubotympanic cholesteatoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-125
Author(s):  
Darshini Nagarajah ◽  
Mohd Khairi Md Daud ◽  
Nur Syazwani Salehuddin ◽  
Nik Adilah Nik Othman
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Persistent Disease ◽  
Middle Ear Cleft ◽  
Severe Destruction

Chronic suppurative otitis media is defined as a chronic inflammation of the mucoperiosteal lining of the middle ear cleft. It is described as a persistent disease that is insidious in onset, often capable of causing severe destruction with irreversible sequelae, and clinically present with hearing loss and discharge. It has been classified into tubotympanic (safe) and atticoantral (unsafe) perforation. Cholesteatoma always occur in the atticoantral type and in marginal perforation. We report a case of cholesteatoma that occurred as a tubotympanic type of perforation.

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