scholarly journals Persistent Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Trichomonas vaginalis positivity after treatment among human immunodeficiency virus-infected pregnant women, South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 294-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Medina-Marino ◽  
Maanda Mudau ◽  
Noah Kojima ◽  
Remco PH Peters ◽  
Ute D Feucht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Repeat Testing ◽  
Care Visit ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

The objective of this study is to assess the predictors and frequency of persistent sexually transmitted infection (STI) positivity in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected pregnant women treated for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) or Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) infection. We enrolled HIV-infected pregnant women attending their first antenatal care visit and tested them for urogenital CT, NG and TV infection using Xpert® CT/NG and TV assays (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA). Those testing positive were treated. Participants either notified partners to seek treatment or were given extra medication to deliver to partners for treatment. Repeat testing was conducted approximately 21 days post-treatment or treatment initiation. Among 427 participants, 172 (40.3%) tested positive for any STI. Of the 136 (79.1%) that returned for repeat testing, 36 (26.5%) tested positive for the same organism: CT = 27 (26.5%), NG = 1 (6.3%), TV = 11 (16.7%). Persistent CT positivity was independently associated with having more than one sex partner in the preceding 12 months (adjusted-prevalence ratio [aPR] = 3.03, 95% CI: 1.44–6.37) and being newly diagnosed with HIV infection during the first antenatal care visit compared to those currently on antiretroviral therapy (aPR = 3.97, 95% CI: 1.09–14.43). Persistent TV positivity was associated with not knowing if a partner sought treatment following STI disclosure (aPR = 12.6, 95% CI: 2.16–73.5) and prior diagnosis of HIV but not currently on antiretroviral therapy. (aPR = 4.14; 95% CI: 1.25–13.79). We identified a high proportion of HIV-infected pregnant women with persistent CT or TV positivity after treatment. To decrease the risk of re-infection, enhanced strategies for partner treatment programmes are needed to improve the effectiveness of STI screening and treatment in pregnancy. The relationship between not being on antiretroviral therapy and persistent STI positivity needs further study.

Cinsel Saldırı ve İstismar Olgularında Cinsel Yolla Bulaşan Hastalıkların Değerlendirilmesi

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-147
Author(s):  
Derya Çağlayan ◽  
Ahsen Kaya ◽  
Ekin Özgür Aktaş
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Cinsel saldırı ve cinsel istismar olgularının fiziksel ve ruhsal travma ile birlikte cinsel yolla bulaşan hastalıklar (CYBH) açısından da değerlendirilmesi önemlidir. Bu olgularda muayene genellikle travma bulgularının tespiti ve saldırganın kimliğinin tespitine yönelik örnek alımı ile sınırlı olmaktadır. Cinsel yolla bulaşan Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, Hepatit B virüsü, Human immunodeficiency virüs ve sifiliz gibi çok sayıda etken mevcut olmakla birlikte ülkemizde bu etkenlere yönelik tarama testleri ve profilaksi uygulamaları ile ilgili standardize edilmiş bir rehber bulunmamaktadır. Bu nedenle, tüm olgularda bulaş riski göz önünde bulundurulmalı, gereklilik halinde tedavi ve profilaksi uygulamaları açısından değerlendirme yapılmalıdır. Ayrıca saldırgana ulaşılabildiği durumlarda gerek mağdurun CYBH için tıbbi bakım ihtiyacının belirlenebilmesi gerekse saldırganın yargılanma süreci ve illiyet bağının kurulabilmesi için bu kişilerin de muayenesi ve tetkikleri yapılmalıdır. Bu derlemede, cinsel saldırı ve cinsel istismar mağdurlarında görülebilecek cinsel yolla bulaşan hastalıkların değerlendirilmesi ve saldırganın muayenesi hususlarının, literatür bilgileri eşliğinde, adli-tıbbi yönden incelenerek sağlık çalışanlarının bu konuya dikkatlerini çekmek amaçlandı.

scholarly journals PERAN MIKROBIOM PADA INFEKSI MENULAR SEKSUAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wresti Indriatmi
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Simplex Virus

Komposisi mikrobiota saluran reproduksi berkaitan dengan kesehatan reproduksi dan ketahanannya terhadap infeksi menular seksual, terutama pada perempuan. Saluran reproduksi perempuan dan laki-laki dapat terpajan dengan komunitas mikroba asing selama aktivitas seksual. Proteksi oleh mikrobiota vagina sehat terhadap infeksi virus dapat diperankan oleh efek virusidal langsung atau oleh faktor pertahanan alamiah yang terdapat di dalam lingkungan vagina. Flora vagina abnormal yang kekurangan lactobacilli dihubungkan dengan kemudahan terinfeksi Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, serta Trichomonas vaginalis. Pada laki-laki, mikrobiota dapat ditemukan pada genitalia bagian bawah, terutama penis, yang dapat dipengaruhi oleh sirkumsisi. Sirkumsisi dapat mengurangi risiko beberapa infeksi menular seksual (IMS), yaitu herpes simplex virus (HSV), human papillomavirus (HPV), dan human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) dengan cara mengubah mikrobiota penis dan lingkungan imunitas lokal. Mikrobiota pada rektum juga berperan bila hubungan seksual dilakukan secara anogenital reseptif. Dengan demikian, penularan patogen infeksi menular seksual akan dipengaruhi oleh komposisi mikrobiota genital atau pun rektum.Kata kunci: mikrobiom, mikrobiota, infeksi menular seksual

scholarly journals Prevalence and treatment outcomes of routine Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Trichomonas vaginalis testing during antenatal care, Gaborone, Botswana

2017 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriane Wynn ◽  
Doreen Ramogola-Masire ◽  
Ponatshego Gaolebale ◽  
Neo Moshashane ◽  
Ontiretse Sickboy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Sti Testing ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
A Prospective Study

ObjectivesChlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) are curable, mostly asymptomatic, STIs that cause adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. Most countries do not test for those infections during antenatal care. We implemented a CT, NG and TV testing and treatment programme in an antenatal clinic in Gaborone, Botswana.MethodsWe conducted a prospective study in the antenatal clinic at Princess Marina Hospital in Gaborone, Botswana. We offered pregnant women who were 18 years or older and less than 35 weeks of gestation, CT, NG and TV testing using self-collected vaginal swabs. Testing was conducted using a GeneXpert® CT/NG and TV system. Those who tested positive were given directly observed antibiotic therapy and asked to return for a test of cure. We determined the prevalence of infections, uptake of treatment and proportion cured. The relationships between positive STI test and participant characteristics were assessed.ResultsWe enrolled 400 pregnant women. Fifty-four (13.5%) tested positive for CT, NG and/or TV: 31 (8%) for CT, 5 (1.3%) for NG and 21 (5%) for TV. Among those who tested positive, 74% (40) received same-day, in person results and treatment. Among those who received delayed results (6), 67% (4) were treated. Statistical comparisons showed that being unmarried and HIV infected were positively association CT, NG and/or TV infection. Self-reported STI symptoms were not associated with CT, NG and/or TV infection.ConclusionThe prevalence of CT, NG and/or TV was high, particularly among women with HIV infection. Among women with CT, NG and/or TV infection, those who received same-day results were more likely to be treated than those who received delayed results. More research is needed on the costs and benefits of integrating highly sensitive and specific STI testing into antenatal care in Southern Africa.

scholarly journals Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Trichomonas vaginalis screening and treatment of pregnant women in Port-au-Prince, Haiti

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1130-1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire C Bristow ◽  
Patricia Mathelier ◽  
Oksana Ocheretina ◽  
Daphne Benoit ◽  
Jean W Pape ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Newborn Health ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
High Prevalence

In Haiti, routine screening for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) among pregnant women is not conducted; yet these sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are associated with adverse birth and newborn health outcomes. We aimed to assess the acceptability and feasibility of screening and the prevalence of STIs among pregnant women in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. Pregnant women of at least 18 years of age who attend Haitian Study Group for Kaposi’s sarcoma and Opportunistic Infections (GHESKIO) clinics in Port-au-Prince, Haiti provided self-collected vaginal swab specimens. Laboratory testing was done with Xpert® CT/NG and Xpert® TV. The results of this study showed that of the 322 pregnant women who visited GHESKIO for their regular scheduled appointments, 300 (93.2%) consented for CT, NG, and TV testing. Of those, 107 women (35.7%) tested positive for at least one STI. There were 42 (14.7%) cases of CT, 8 (2.8%) NG, and 83 (29.0%) TV infections. Most infections were treated – 122 of 133 (91.7%). In summary, we found that it was highly acceptable and feasible to implement CT, NG, and TV screening among pregnant women in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. We found high prevalence of STIs among pregnant women, which suggest that STI screening in this population may be warranted.

Prevalence and risk factors of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis and other sexually transmissible infections among women attending antenatal clinics in three provinces in Papua New Guinea: a cross-sectional survey

Sexual Health ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Vallely ◽  
Pamela Toliman ◽  
Claire Ryan ◽  
Glennis Rai ◽  
Johanna Wapling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmissible Infections

Background Papua New Guinea (PNG) is estimated to have among the highest prevalences of HIV and sexually transmissible infections (STIs) of any Asia-Pacific country, and one of the highest burdens of maternal syphilis globally. The prevalence of curable STIs, such as Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV), among pregnant women in PNG is relatively unknown. Methods: A cross-sectional bio-behavioural survey to investigate the epidemiology of CT, NG, TV and other STIs among pregnant women in three provinces of PNG was undertaken. Women aged 18–35 years attending their first antenatal clinic visit were invited to participate. Participants completed a short interview and provided self-collected vaginal specimens for CT, NG and TV laboratory-based nucleic acid amplification tests and a venepuncture specimen for laboratory testing for syphilis and Herpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV-2) serology. Routine antenatal assessment was conducted according to national guidelines, including HIV counselling and testing and point-of-care syphilis screening. Results: A total of 765 women were enrolled. Overall, 43% (95% confidence interval (CI): 39.2–46.4) had one or more of CT, NG or TV infection. CT was the most prevalent STI (22.9%, 175/765; 95% CI: 19.9–25.9), followed by TV (22.4%, 171/765; 95% CI: 19.4–25.4), and NG (14.2%, 109/765; 95% CI: 11.7–16.7). The prevalence of active syphilis was 2.2% (17/765; 95% CI: 1.2–3.3), HSV-2 was 28.0% (214/765; 95% CI: 24.8–31.2) and HIV, 0.8% (6/765; 95% CI: 0.2–1.4). Prevalences were highest among primigravid women, women aged <25 years, and among those in Central Province. Conclusion: High prevalences of curable genital STIs were observed among women attending routine antenatal clinic services in PNG. These infections have been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and could be important contributors to poor maternal and neonatal health in this setting.

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