A new perspective on intergroup conflict: The social psychology of politicized struggles for recognition

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Simon
Keyword(s):  
Collective Identity ◽  
Intergroup Conflict ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Dual Identity ◽  
Categorization Theory ◽  
The Social ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Intergroup Conflicts ◽  
New Perspective

The article offers a new perspective on intergroup conflict. While building on social psychological foundations laid down in self-categorization theory, it is also critically informed by and incorporates insights from the neighboring disciplines of social, political, and moral philosophy. The new perspective is organized around the principal working hypothesis that many intergroup conflicts, especially those in modern, culturally diverse societies, can be fruitfully understood as politicized struggles for recognition. In addition, four more specific corollary hypotheses are proposed concerning polarization, respected collective identity, embedded dual identity, and tolerance. The new perspective shifts researchers’ attention to the multi-level nature of intergroup conflict and to the novel concepts of recognition and identity as a different equal.

scholarly journals Sex in Stencil Novels Case Study: Readers' Reception of Enny Arrow's Stencil Novel in Surakarta

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariska Puspita Anggraini ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Reception Theory ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Modern Humans ◽  
Erotic Literature ◽  
Before And After ◽  
New Perspective

The phenomenon of sex has always been novel in every era. In Indonesia, for example, Enny Arrow’s stencil novel has been circulating, which has been named as a legend of Indonesian erotic literature. Along with the development of technology, the existence of stencil novels was replaced by DVDs or VCDs, which then continued with the emergence of various sites providing access to pornography. This difference in phenomena certainly makes the meaning of sex for each individual different. This research will analyze the meaning of sex in the stencil novel by Enny Arrow in the eyes of millennial men. The data analysis will focus on social psychological factors using Normand Holland’s literary reception theory. From the data analysis, it can be concluded that there are different views on sexual relations before and after reading the novel. This research is expected to provide a new perspective on the picture of sexuality for modern humans.

Polarization and the Global Crisis of Democracy: Common Patterns, Dynamics, and Pernicious Consequences for Democratic Polities

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer McCoy ◽  
Tahmina Rahman ◽  
Murat Somer
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Positive Outcome ◽  
The United States ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Frequent Pattern ◽  
Intergroup Conflict ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Common Pattern ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Common

This article argues that a common pattern and set of dynamics characterizes severe political and societal polarization in different contexts around the world, with pernicious consequences for democracy. Moving beyond the conventional conceptualization of polarization as ideological distance between political parties and candidates, we offer a conceptualization of polarization highlighting its inherently relational nature and its instrumental political use. Polarization is a process whereby the normal multiplicity of differences in a society increasingly align along a single dimension and people increasingly perceive and describe politics and society in terms of “Us” versus “Them.” The politics and discourse of opposition and the social–psychological intergroup conflict dynamics produced by this alignment are a main source of the risks polarization generates for democracy, although we recognize that it can also produce opportunities for democracy. We argue that contemporary examples of polarization follow a frequent pattern whereby polarization is activated when major groups in society mobilize politically to achieve fundamental changes in structures, institutions, and power relations. Hence, newly constructed cleavages are appearing that underlie polarization and are not easily measured with the conventional Left–Right ideological scale. We identify three possible negative outcomes for democracy—“gridlock and careening,” “democratic erosion or collapse under new elites and dominant groups,” and “democratic erosion or collapse with old elites and dominant groups,” and one possible positive outcome—“reformed democracy.” Drawing on literature in psychology and political science, the article posits a set of causal mechanisms linking polarization to harm to democracy and illustrates the common patterns and pernicious consequences for democracy in four country cases: varying warning signs of democratic erosion in Hungary and the United States, and growing authoritarianism in Turkey and Venezuela.

Intergroup commonality, political ideology, and tolerance of enemy collateral casualties in intergroup conflicts

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noa Schori-Eyal ◽  
Eran Halperin ◽  
Tamar Saguy
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Intergroup Conflict ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Psychological Literature ◽  
Beneficial Impact ◽  
Intergroup Conflicts

Despite their pernicious effect on intergroup conflict, collateral casualties are seen as inevitable and justified by many members of the groups involved, particularly those who endorse a right-wing ideology. Drawing on social psychological literature, we examined whether a perception of commonality between in-group and out-group can be beneficial for reducing tolerance to collateral causalities. We hypothesized that viewing the out-group as sharing commonalities with the in-group can reduce processes of out-group delegitimization, which are common among right-wingers in intractable conflicts, and may therefore serve to explain reduction in tolerance to collateral casualties. Three correlational studies were conducted among Jewish-Israelis in the context of the conflict with the Palestinians to test this. In Study 1, right-wing political ideology was associated with stronger support for enemy collateral casualties, and the effect was moderated by perceived intergroup commonality. While leftists were overall non-supportive of collateral casualties, rightists who perceived high intergroup commonality were less tolerant of collateral casualties than those low on intergroup commonality. In Study 2, conducted during violent escalation, we replicated these results while controlling for anger, fear, and hatred. In Study 3, we found that the effect was mediated by delegitimization of the out-group. These results extend the range of beneficial impact of intergroup commonality, and imply that it may be used as a tool to promote conflict resolution.

THE TRANSFORMATIVE CAPACITY OF COMMEMORATION: COMPARING MNEMONIC ACTIVISM IN PHILADELPHIA, MISSISSIPPI*

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Whitlinger
Keyword(s):  
Collective Identity ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Fortieth Anniversary ◽  
Transformative Potential ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

Much attention has centered on the causes and composition of commemorations, yet research on commemorations' causal consequences remains relatively unexplored. This study examines the relationship between commemorative events and subsequent mnemonic activism through a comparative historical study of two seemingly similar mnemonic projects with divergent outcomes: the twenty-fifth and fortieth anniversary commemorations in Philadelphia, Mississippi, the city notorious as the site of the 1964 “Mississippi Burning” murders. Drawing insights from the social psychological literature on intergroup contact clarifies how members of the 2004 commemoration task force developed a distinct collective identity across significant social divides through personal storytelling, a development that encouraged local mnemonic activism beyond the commemoration itself. More generally, this research suggests that commemorations both emerge out of and catalyze associated memory movements, and that a commemoration's transformative potential lies in its planning process.

scholarly journals Collective Psychological Ownership and Intergroup Relations

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1021-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maykel Verkuyten ◽  
Borja Martinovic
Keyword(s):  
Collective Identity ◽  
Intergroup Relations ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Psychological Ownership ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
The Social ◽  
Local Contexts ◽  
Social Psychological Research ◽  
Group Responsibility

Whereas much social psychological research has studied the in-group and out-group implications of social categorization and collective identity (“we”), little research has examined the nature and relevance of collective psychological ownership (“ours”) for intergroup relations. We make a case for considering collective psychological ownership as an important source of intergroup tensions. We do so by integrating theory and research from various social sciences, and we draw out implications for future social psychological research on intergroup relations. We discuss collective psychological ownership in relation to the psychology of possessions, marking behavior, intergroup threats, outgroup exclusion, and in-group responsibility. We suggest that the social psychological processes discussed apply to a range of ownership objects (territory, buildings, cultural artifacts) and various intergroup settings, including international, national, and local contexts, and in organizations and communities. We conclude by providing directions for future research in different intergroup contexts.

scholarly journals SOCIAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL PREDICTORS OF REJECTION OF WORK BEHAVIOUR

2020 ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduard V. Patrakov ◽  
Tatiana N. Lobanova
Keyword(s):  
Health And Safety ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Industrial Safety ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Risk Environments ◽  
The Social ◽  
Production Environments ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Enterprise Analysis

The article is devoted to the study of the social psychological peculiarities of workers whose behaviour deviates from the rules and norms set by the legal regulations. More than 1,000 employees of the enterprise aged 25–50 years were surveyed, of whom 400 were identifi ed as «violators» of organisational and production discipline, occupational health and safety, 600 people were classifi ed as law-abiding workers. A set of 3 methods was used, aimed at analysing the social psychological characteristics and studying the interrelations of the multi-level personality characteristics of the employees of the enterprise. Analysis of the results made it possible to describe the social psychological portrait (personal characteristics) of persons with deviating labour behaviour. The following personal predictors of deviating work behaviour were identifi ed: respect, above all, their own interests, rather than group ones; low level of cooperation, a pronounced desire for dominance, a focus on avoiding failures, adaptability to breaking the rules; as well as alexithymia and other characteristics. The results of the research contribute to the optimisation of the management of labour compliance, industrial safety and labour protection of enterprises with high risk environments of production environments.

scholarly journals A glorious warrior in war: Cross-cultural evidence of honor culture, social rewards for warriors, and intergroup conflict

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 598-611
Author(s):  
Kengo Nawata
Keyword(s):  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Intergroup Conflict ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Honor Culture ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Intergroup Conflicts ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Social Rewards

Previous research has shown that honor culture and honor ideology enhance interpersonal and intergroup aggressiveness at the individual level. This study aimed to examine collective-level relationships among honor culture, social rewards for warriors, and intergroup conflict. To demonstrate these relationships, I used the Standard Cross-Cultural Sample, which contains data on 186 mainly preindustrial societies from all over the world. The analysis demonstrated that honor culture, which values males’ toughness and aggression, has a positive relationship with frequency of intergroup conflicts. In addition, social rewards (praise, prestige, and status) for warriors mediated the relationship between honor culture and frequency of intergroup conflict. These results imply that the collective-level processes of honor culture enhance intergroup conflicts through the social reputations of warriors who participate in war.

scholarly journals Societal Conflict Defies Peace Diplomacy: Evidence from the Palestinian-Israeli Conflict

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-107
Author(s):  
Ali Alghafli
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Intergroup Conflict ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Limited Success ◽  
The Social ◽  
Unresolved Conflict ◽  
Cumulative Evidence

Abstract This paper synthesizes interrelated postulations from the systemic conflict and intergroup conflict theorizations to glean the societal conflict conceptual framework. The paper employs this conceptual framework to appraise the validity of the societal characterization of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict during the peace diplomacy era. Accordingly, the analysis uses the ‘structured, focused comparison’ qualitative method to investigate attitudinal and behavioral aspects of five cases of intercommunal violence within the Palestinian-Israeli context. The observed cumulative evidence indicates that the unresolved conflict has been exhibiting the conceptual properties of societal conflict throughout more than 25 years since the introduction of the Middle East peace process in 1991. Overall, the study explores the social, psychological, and political aspects of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict, accentuates the societal underpinnings of intercommunal violence, and provides basis for perceiving the limited success of peace diplomacy.

scholarly journals Personal and Collective Identity Codes and Challenges for Minorities, Bernard Malamud’s The Fixer: A Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Mohammadreza Ghanbarinajjar
Keyword(s):  
Collective Identity ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
The State ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Political Condition ◽  
Community Or ◽  
The Social ◽  
Minority People

People naturally live in a community and identity plays an essential role in their life. Codes and elements that construct their identity can be personal or collective, such as gender, name, religion, ethnicity, and language. In order to enjoy more privileges, minority people and those who are discriminated because of their identity, try to change their identity to be similar to the center or in other words, assimilate with it. At the same time, the hegemonic power tries to single out and highlight the identity codes which make one different from the center in order to discriminate them. The major character of the novel, Yakov Bok, changes his identity, name and appearance, as a Jew and enters into the district forbidden to Jews. During the course of the novel, he was arrested and accused of murdering a Christian boy, because he was the only Jew in the neighborhood. The state officials try to change his appearance to make him look like a Jew again and single out. Identity can be changed willingly in order to assimilate and use the advantages of being recognized as a certain person or part of a community, or by force due to the social and political condition of time to be condemned or to face the worst condition.

scholarly journals ‘Is Ethnicity the Root of all Evil?’ Engaging Macro and Micro Analysis of Ethnic Violence in Post New-order Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-279
Author(s):  
Rizqy Amelia Zein
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Case ◽  
Ethnic Violence ◽  
Intergroup Conflict ◽  
New Order ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Political Approach ◽  
Intergroup Conflicts ◽  
Symbolic Approach ◽  
Micro Analysis

In this theoretical review, the author examines intergroup conflicts and genocides in post New-Order Indonesia as the manifestation of politicised nationalism by employing several theoretical approaches. The theoretical review starts from combining micro (social-psychological approach) and macro perspectives (sociological and political approach) to answer these following questions; (a) how do we explain intragroup conflicts and genocides, especially in post New-Order Indonesia, as the consequences of nationalism’s existence? (b) In what circumstances are intergroup conflict, or in the most extreme case; genocide, likely to occur? Thus, the theoretical review is structured into four parts; addressing the problem of intergroup conflict and genocide as well as emphasising its importance to be aware of; tracing back the emergence of the nation using Smith and Barthian’s ethno-symbolic approach; narrating the conditions in which allow intergroup conflict arose; and some concluding remarks.

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