scholarly journals Review: Human antimicrobial proteins — effectors of innate immunity

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 317-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Harder ◽  
Regine Gläser ◽  
Jens-Michael Schröder
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Antimicrobial Proteins

scholarly journals Lipid droplets and the host–pathogen dynamic: FATal attraction?

2021 ◽  
Vol 220 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Bosch ◽  
Matthew J. Sweet ◽  
Robert G. Parton ◽  
Albert Pol
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Eukaryotic Cells ◽  
Bioactive Lipids ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Antimicrobial Proteins ◽  
Current State ◽  
Fatal Attraction

In the ongoing conflict between eukaryotic cells and pathogens, lipid droplets (LDs) emerge as a choke point in the battle for nutrients. While many pathogens seek the lipids stored in LDs to fuel an expensive lifestyle, innate immunity rewires lipid metabolism and weaponizes LDs to defend cells and animals. Viruses, bacteria, and parasites directly and remotely manipulate LDs to obtain substrates for metabolic energy, replication compartments, assembly platforms, membrane blocks, and tools for host colonization and/or evasion such as anti-inflammatory mediators, lipoviroparticles, and even exosomes. Host LDs counterattack such advances by synthesizing bioactive lipids and toxic nucleotides, organizing immune signaling platforms, and recruiting a plethora of antimicrobial proteins to provide a front-line defense against the invader. Here, we review the current state of this conflict. We will discuss why, when, and how LDs efficiently coordinate and precisely execute a plethora of immune defenses. In the age of antimicrobial resistance and viral pandemics, understanding innate immune strategies developed by eukaryotic cells to fight and defeat dangerous microorganisms may inform future anti-infective strategies.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Proteins: Key Components of Innate Immunity

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Bishun Deo Prasad ◽  
Sangita Sahni ◽  
Tushar Ranjan ◽  
Diksha Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Lipid Transfer ◽  
Antimicrobial Proteins ◽  
Lipid Transfer Proteins ◽  
Defensive Mechanisms ◽  
Host Defence System ◽  
Self Defence

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are the small ubiquitous self-defence products which are extensively distributed in plants. They can be classified into several groups, including thionins, defensins, snakins, lipid transfer proteins, glycine-rich proteins, cyclotides,  and hevein-type proteins. AMPs are important mediators of an innate host defence system, with antimicrobial activities against a broad spectrum of microorganisms. AMPs can be extracted and isolated from different plants and plant organs such as stems, roots, seeds, flowers and leaves. They perform various physiological defensive mechanisms to eliminate viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites, and so could be used as therapeutic and preservative agents.

scholarly journals Neonatal Host Defense against Staphylococcal Infections

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie R. Power Coombs ◽  
Kenny Kronforst ◽  
Ofer Levy
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Host Defense ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Staphylococcal Infection ◽  
Antimicrobial Proteins ◽  
Late Onset Sepsis ◽  
Skin Integrity ◽  
Term Newborns

Preterm infants are especially susceptible to late-onset sepsis that is often due to Gram-positive bacterial infections resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality. Herein, we will describe neonatal innate immunity toStaphylococcusspp. comparing differences between preterm and full-term newborns with adults. Newborn innate immunity is distinct demonstrating diminished skin integrity, impaired Th1-polarizing responses, low complement levels, and diminished expression of plasma antimicrobial proteins and peptides, especially in preterm newborns. Characterization of distinct aspects of the neonatal immune response is defining novel approaches to enhance host defense to prevent and/or treat staphylococcal infection in this vulnerable population.

On the history of the study of endogenous antibiotics

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
Galina M. Aleshina
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Experimental Medicine ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Antimicrobial Proteins ◽  
Structural And Functional Properties ◽  
Antibiotic Compounds ◽  
History Of ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics ◽  
Proteins And Peptides

The review presents data on the history of the discovery of the first endogenous antibiotic compounds, on the contribution of Russian scientists, in particular, researchers from the Institute of Experimental Medicine (St. Petersburg), in the study of the structural and functional properties of antimicrobial proteins and peptides important molecular factors of innate immunity that can act as an alternative to conventional antibiotics in the fight to control pathogenic microorganisms.

DNA Makes RNA Makes Innate Immunity

2009 ◽  
Vol 138 (33) ◽  
pp. 428-430
Author(s):  
Luke A.J. O'Neill
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity

Alpha-Amylase/Trypsin Inhibitors, novel activators of innate immunity in ex-vivo tissue explants

2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (08) ◽  
Author(s):  
V Zevallos ◽  
P Olinga ◽  
Y Junker ◽  
PB Tung ◽  
N Volz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitors ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Tissue Explants ◽  
Ex Vivo Tissue
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