Determinants of Corporate Cash Holdings

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 416-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yogesh Maheshwari ◽  
K.T. Vigneswara Rao
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Cash Holdings ◽  
Working Capital ◽  
Financial Policies ◽  
Panel Data Regression ◽  
Strong Positive Relationship ◽  
Development Expenditure ◽  
Corporate Cash Holdings

This article aims at examining the financial determinants of corporate cash holdings. The study employs panel data regression method. It uses the fixed-effects method based on Hausman test results for the estimation of panel data model. This study has implications that are beneficial for the business managers to have a better understanding and appreciation of the role and importance of the determinants of corporate cash holdings in formulating and evaluating the corporate financial policies. The results of the study indicate a strong positive relationship between cash holdings and cash flow, dividend payment, market-to-book ratio, net debt issuance and net equity issuance of the sample firms. It is also found that the cash holdings of these firms are negatively affected by net working capital, leverage, research and development expenditure as well as capital expenditure of the firm. The article will help researchers as well as managers to understand as to what motivates the firms to hold cash, given the fact that despite being often termed as a non-earning asset, firms generally hold more cash than their normal working capital requirement.

scholarly journals Determinants of Corporate Cash Holdings: Evidence from MNCs in Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Nadeem Ahmed Sheikh ◽  
Khawaja Khalid Mehmood ◽  
Mujtaba Kamal
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Cash Holdings ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Capital Expenditures ◽  
Cash Holding ◽  
Working Capital ◽  
Growth Opportunities ◽  
Corporate Cash Holdings

The purpose of this article is to investigate whether firm-specific variables (i.e. size, growth opportunities, profitability, capital expenditures, leverage, dividends, cash flow and working capital) affect the cash holdings of MNCs. Moreover, to investigate whether theories relevant to cash holdings provide any justification to narrate the cash holding behavior of listed MNCs on Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) for the period 2006-2016. Results indicate that profitability positively impacts cash holdings. Firm size positively impacts cash holdings in pooled Ordinary Least Squares, while it negatively impacts cash holdings in the fixed effects method; however the relationship is insignificant. Leverage, growth opportunities, dividends, working capital ratio and capital expenditures are significant and negatively related to corporate cash holdings. Finally, cash flows are unrelated to cash holdings. In short, results indicate that firm-specific variables significantly affect the cash holdings of MNCs. Moreover, (+/-) coefficients of different explanatory variables indicate that theories relevant to cash holdings provide some support to explain the cash holding behavior of MNCs in an emerging economy - Pakistan.

Using information from singletons in fixed-effects estimation: xtfesing

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 965-975
Author(s):  
Laura Magazzini ◽  
Randolph Luca Bruno ◽  
Marco Stampini
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Method Of Moments ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Panel Data Regression ◽  
Data Regression ◽  
Method Of Moments Estimator ◽  
Fixed Effects Estimation

In this article, we describe the xtfesing command. The command implements a generalized method of moments estimator that allows exploiting singleton information in fixed-effects panel-data regression as in Bruno, Magazzini, and Stampini (2020, Economics Letters 186: Article 108519).

scholarly journals Pengaruh pendapatan asli daerah, dana alokasi umum dan dana alokasi khusus terhadap belanja modal pada kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Jambi

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
Venny Tria Vanesha ◽  
Selamet Rahmadi ◽  
Parmadi Parmadi
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Panel Data Regression ◽  
Data Regression ◽  
Directorate General ◽  
Fiscal Balance ◽  
Ministry Of Finance ◽  
The Republic

This study aims to analyze the development of Local Own-Source Revenue (PAD), General Allocation Fund (DAU), Spesific Allocation Fund (DAK), and capital expenditure as well as the influence of PAD, DAU and DAK on capital expenditure in districts/cities in Jambi Province. Data is sourced from the Directorate-General of Regional Fiscal Balance, the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia. Data were analyzed using panel data regression models. The results of the study found that simultaneously PAD, DAU, DAK had a significant effect on capital expenditure. However, only partially the DAU influences the capital expenditure of districts/ cities in Jambi Province.

The determinants of corporate cash holdings: evidence from Shariah-compliant and non-Shariah-compliant corporations

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faisal Alnori ◽  
Abdullah Bugshan ◽  
Walid Bakry
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Cash Holdings ◽  
Order Theory ◽  
Working Capital ◽  
Pecking Order Theory ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Financial Firms ◽  
Operating Cash Flow ◽  
The Difference

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the difference between the determinants of cash holdings of Shariah-compliant and non-Shariah-compliant firms, for non-financial corporations in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC).Design/methodology/approachThe data include all non-financial firms listed in six GCC markets over a period 2005–2019. The IdealRatings database is used to identify Shariah-compliant firms in the GCC. To examine the determinants of cash holdings, a static model is used. To confirm the applicability of the method applied, the Breusch–Pagan Lagrange Multiplier (LM) and Hausman (1978) are used to choose the most efficient and consistent static panel regression.FindingsThe results show that, for Shariah-compliant firms, the relevant determinants of cash holdings are leverage, profitability, capital expenditure, net working capital and operating cash flow. For non-Shariah-compliant firms, the only relevant determinants of cash holdings are leverage, net working capital and operating cash flow. The findings suggest that the cash holding decisions of Shariah-compliant firms can be best explained using the pecking order theory. This reveals that Shariah-compliant firms use liquid assets as their first financing option, due to the Shariah regulations.Research limitations/implicationsFuture studies may investigate the optimal levels of cash holdings and compare the adjustment speeds toward target cash holdings of both the Shariah-compliant firms and their conventional counterparts.Originality/valueThis study is the first to investigate the difference between the determinants of cash holdings of Shariah-compliant and non-Shariah-compliant firms.

scholarly journals Influence of Working Capital Management and Policy to Profitability of Retail Trading Sector in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Tjandra ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Investment Policy ◽  
Working Capital ◽  
Financing Policy ◽  
Working Capital Management ◽  
Cash Conversion Cycle ◽  
Panel Data Regression ◽  
Data Regression ◽  
Retail Trading ◽  
Tax Depreciation

Working Capital (WC) is an important aspect of any firms because of its correlation to risk (liquidity) and return (profitability). This research examines the influence of WC Management and Policy (WCMP) to profitability of 21 listed retail trading sector firms in Indonesia from 2011-2020 using panel data regression. In this research, WC Management (WCM) is measured by Cash Conversion Cycle (CCC) and its components which are Days Sales Outstanding (DSO), Days Inventory Outstanding, and Days Payable Outstanding (DPO); WC Policy is measured current assets divided by total assets or referred to as WC Investment Policy (WCIP) and current liabilities divided by total assets or referred to as WC Financing Policy (WCFP); and profitability is measured by Earnings Before Interest, Tax, Depreciation, and Amortization Margin (EBITDAM). The results show that firms can increase EBITDAM by shortening CCC, primarily through shortening DIO and lengthening DPO. Further, firms may improve EBITDAM by adopting a conservative WC Policy instead of an aggressive one, which means having higher current assets and lower current liabilities with respect to total assets.

scholarly journals Do firms park capital? Evidence from the U.S. manufacturing sector

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-202
Author(s):  
Paul Moon Sub Choi ◽  
Francis Joonsung Won
Keyword(s):  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Cash Holdings ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Demand For Money ◽  
Cost Of Carry ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Corporate Cash Holdings ◽  
The U.S

This study uses the “cost of carry” (CoC) measure to identify the motive for corporate cash holdings. Based on the historical, moving-average holdings of currency and liquid assets, the measure represents the net opportunity cost of corporate demand for money. This study finds that large manufacturing firms in the U.S. park their capital in short-term assets appealing to the agency motive for cash holdings. Because dividend-paying firms can choose to distribute their capital to equity shareholders when their investment opportunities are unfavorable, these firms might show a non-positive association between capital expenditure and the CoC measure, championing the transactions motive. Still, dividend-paying large firms exhibit an overall positive correlation, suggesting that they park their capital on the agency motive. A detailed literature review and discussions are followed.

scholarly journals Determinants of corporate cash holdings: An empirical study of Chinese listed firms

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-65
Author(s):  
Rizwan Ahmed ◽  
Wu Qi ◽  
Subhan Ullah ◽  
Danson Kimani
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Cash Flow ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Cash Holdings ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Bank Debt ◽  
Chinese Context ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Corporate Cash Holdings

This study explores the determinants of corporate cash holdings in the Chinese context. As one of the largest developing countries in the world, China offers an interesting opportunity to explore the role of corporate governance, and ownership structure in explaining corporate cash holdings. Owing to the unique economic problems in the developing and emerging economies, this study aims to investigate whether the research findings on developed countries could be generalized globally. Applying fixed-effects estimations on a sample of 115 Chinese firms listed between 2012 and 2016, we find that the level of corporate cash holdings has a significantly negative relationship with leverage, bank debt, non-cash liquid assets and managerial ownership. In particular, cash flow volatility, investment opportunity and dividend have a significantly positive relationship with cash holdings levels. These findings are consistent with the majority of the existing studies carried out in the Western context. We also find that firm size, cash flow, board independence and ownership concentration have a significant influence on the level of corporate cash holdings. Our study contributes to the finance literature and we offer new insights into the relationship between corporate governance and corporate cash holdings in the Chinese context. Some of the findings on the developed countries could be generalized to a wider context. Further, the unique relationship between corporate governance and cash holdings in the Chinese context provides empirical insights for further research.

Non-performing Loans and Moral Hazard in the Indian Banking Sector: A Threshold Panel Regression Approach

2020 ◽  
pp. 097215092092613
Author(s):  
Robin Thomas ◽  
Shailesh Singh Thakur
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Moral Hazard ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Bank Lending ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Panel Data Regression ◽  
Data Regression ◽  
Indian Banks

This article attempts to examine the effect of non-performing assets (NPA) on behaviour of banks in India. The objectives of this article is to test if lending choices of Indian Banks demonstrate moral hazard and to test whether an increase in NPA ratio of banks raises riskier bank lending. We employ a threshold panel data regression model on a data set retrieved from the Reserve bank of India, which covered 45 commercial banks during the period 2009–2015, to test if lending choices of Indian banks demonstrate moral hazard. The results establish that the moral hazard hypothesis does not hold true for the given sample of India Banks, suggesting that an increase in the NPA ratio does not potentially increase riskier lending in sample banks. We find empirical evidence for the notion that ‘too-big-to-fail’ banks possibly have certain incentives to take higher risks and thus have higher NPA ratios. Graphical approach to NPA threshold explanation reveals presence of threshold; however, it could not be statistically established. Future implications of findings are evaluated. The study seminally adds to the empirical literature on use of fixed effects threshold panel data regression model in the context of Indian banks.

Managerial optimism and corporate cash holdings

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ly Thi Hai Tran ◽  
Thoa Thi Kim Tu ◽  
Thao Thi Phuong Hoang
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Cash Holdings ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Cash Holding ◽  
Growth Opportunities ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Managerial Optimism ◽  
Linguistic Tone ◽  
Corporate Cash Holdings

PurposeThis paper examines the effects of managerial optimism on corporate cash holdings.Design/methodology/approachThe authors construct a novel measure of managerial optimism based on the linguistic tone of annual reports by applying a Naïve Bayesian Machine Learning algorithm to non-numeric parts of Vietnamese listed firms' reports from 2010 to 2016. The paper employs firm and year fixed effects model and also uses the generalized method of moments estimation as robustness checks.FindingsThe authors find that the cash holding of firms managed by optimistic managers is higher than the cash holdings of firms managed by non-optimistic managers. Managerial optimism also influences corporate cash holdings through internal cash flows and the current year’s capital expenditures. Although the authors find no evidence that optimistic managers hold more cash to finance future growth opportunities in general, optimistic managers hold more cash for near future investment opportunities than non-optimistic managers do.Research limitations/implicationsThe novel measure proposed in this study is expected to provide great potential for future finance studies investigating the relation between managerial traits and corporate policies since it is applicable for any levels of financial market development. In addition, the findings highlight the important role, both direct and indirect, of managerial optimism on cash holdings. Related future research should take this psychological trait into account to gain a better understanding of corporate cash holding.Originality/valueThis paper helps to extend the literature on managerial optimism measurement by introducing a new measure of managerial optimism based on the linguistic tone of annual reports. Furthermore, this is among the first studies directly linking annual report linguistic tone to cash holding. The paper also provides new evidence regarding how managerial optimism affects the relationship between the firm's growth opportunities and cash holding, given that mispricing corrections are naturally uncertain.

scholarly journals Dinamika Bisnis Selama Pandemi Covid-19 pada Tingkat Likuiditas Perusahaan Pertanian dan Consumer Goods di Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-120
Author(s):  
Arsheila Primadita ◽  
Nadia Asandimitra Haryono
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Firm Size ◽  
Consumer Goods ◽  
Debt Ratio ◽  
Working Capital ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Panel Data Regression ◽  
Data Regression ◽  
Inventory Turnover

The purpose of this research is to empirically prove the effect of firm size, receivable turnover, debt ratio, inventory turnover, and working capital turnover on liquidity as well as changes during the covid-19 pandemic. The object of this research is taken from the agricultural sector and consumer goods which enlisted on IDX period quarterly IV 2019, quarterly I-II 2020. This type of research is quantitative and used secondary data which consists of a quarterly financial report on IDX. The samples are obtained by using the purposive sampling method and produced 75 samples of industry. The research uses the panel data regression analysis method. Based on the result of panel data regression analysis indicated that only the debt ratio has a negative significant relation to liquidity. Firm size, receivable turnover, inventory turnover and working capital turnover aren’t significant because increase or decrease in these variables do not affect the level of liquidity. During the covid-19 pandemic, there was no change in the relationship between each independent variable on liquidity.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membuktikan secara empiris pengaruh ukuran perusahaan, perputaran piutang, rasio hutang, perputaran persediaan, dan perputaran modal kerja terhadap likuiditas serta perubahan selama pandemi covid-19. Objek penelitian ini diambil dari sektor pertanian dan consumer goods yang terdaftar di BEI periode triwulan IV 2019 sampai dengan triwulan I-II 2020. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dan menggunakan data sekunder yang terdiri dari laporan keuangan triwulanan di BEI. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling dan menghasilkan 75 sampel perusahaan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode analisis regresi data panel. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa hanya rasio hutang yang berpengaruh signifikan negatif terhadap likuiditas. Ukuran perusahaan, perputaran piutang, perputaran persediaan dan perputaran modal kerja tidak signifikan karena kenaikan atau penurunan variabel tersebut tidak mempengaruhi tingkat likuiditas. Selama pandemi Covid-19, tidak ada perubahan hubungan antara masing-masing variabel independen terhadap likuiditas.

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