Better Bones Buddies: An Osteoporosis Prevention Program

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan L. Schrader ◽  
Rebecca Blue ◽  
Arlene Horner
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mass ◽  
South Dakota ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Peak Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Osteoporosis Prevention ◽  
School Year ◽  
Key Factor

Although osteoporosis typically surfaces in later life, peak bone mass attained before age 20 is a key factor in its prevention. However, most American children’s diets lack sufficient calcium during the critical growth periods of preadolescence and adolescence to achieve peak bone mass. Better Bones (BB) Buddies is an educational program targeting children ages 9–15 years in an effort to improve their knowledge of bone health and to increase their intake of calcium-rich foods, thereby reducing the risk for osteoporosis later in life. In the 1998–1999 school year, Better Bones Buddies was given to more than 2,200 school children in southeastern South Dakota and southwestern Minnesota. Posttest results ( N = 900) indicate participants improved in their knowledge of osteoporosis, and half reported modifications in their dietary habits to increase calcium consumption. Implications of the Better Bones Buddies program are discussed, with recommendations for future use of this program to increase children’s knowledge about bone growth and osteoporosis.

scholarly journals Associations between socioeconomic factors and proinflammatory cytokines in children, adolescents and young adults: a systematic review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e019381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick John Fredman ◽  
Gustavo Duque ◽  
Rachel Louise Duckham ◽  
Darci Green ◽  
Sharon Lee Brennan-Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Peak Bone Mass ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Statistical Heterogeneity

IntroductionThere is now substantial evidence of a social gradient in bone health. Social stressors, related to socioeconomic status, are suggested to produce an inflammatory response marked by increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Here we focus on the particular role in the years before the achievement of peak bone mass, encompassing childhood, adolescence and young adulthood. An examination of such associations will help explain how social factors such as occupation, level of education and income may affect later-life bone disorders. This paper presents the protocol for a systematic review of existing literature regarding associations between socioeconomic factors and proinflammatory cytokines in those aged 6–30 years.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a systematic search of PubMed, OVID and CINAHL databases to identify articles that examine associations between socioeconomic factors and levels of proinflammatory cytokines, known to influence bone health, during childhood, adolescence or young adulthood. The findings of this review have implications for the equitable development of peak bone mass regardless of socioeconomic factors. Two independent reviewers will determine the eligibility of studies according to predetermined criteria, and studies will be assessed for methodological quality using a published scoring system. Should statistical heterogeneity be non-significant, we will conduct a meta-analysis; however, if heterogeneity prevent numerical syntheses, we will undertake a best-evidence analysis to determine whether socioeconomic differences exist in the levels of proinflammatory cytokines from childhood through to young adulthood.Ethics and disseminationThis study will be a systematic review of published data, and thus ethics approval is not required. In addition to peer-reviewed publication, these findings will be presented at professional conferences in national and international arenas.

scholarly journals Vitamin D status and its relationship with parathyroid hormone and bone mineral status in older adolescents

2005 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis M. Willett
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Peak Bone Mass ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Bone Mineral Status ◽  
25Ohd Concentration

Osteoporosis is an important contributor to the global burden of disease, and in the UK alone results in one in three women and one in twelve men aged >50 years experiencing a fragility fracture. Optimising peak bone mass in early adulthood is thought to reduce osteoporosis risk by offsetting bone losses in later life. Ensuring sufficient vitamin D status (measured as 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) in plasma), among other factors, is believed to facilitate the achievement of optimum peak bone mass. Lower 25OHD is associated with a higher plasma concentration of parathyroid hormone (PTH). As PTH is associated with increased bone turnover and bone loss, maintenance of sufficient 25OHD is thought to have a protective effect on bone health. However, there is a lack of consensus internationally on what constitutes an optimum 25OHD concentration, and values between 30 and 80 nmol/l have been suggested. These values have been based on findings from various studies in adults in which PTH has been observed to plateau at a 25OHD concentration of >30 nmol/l; however, not all studies have found such a plateau. Although studies in younger adolescents (14–16 years) have shown an inverse relationship between PTH and 25OHD, the concentration of 25OHD required for achievement of optimum peak bone mass is unknown. The present review examines the evidence defining vitamin D insufficiency thresholds, and the relevance of such thresholds to adolescent bone health.

A six years longitudinal cohort study on the changes in bone density and bone quality up to peak bone mass in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) with and without 2 years of Calcium and Vit-D supplementation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
TP Lam ◽  
G Yang ◽  
H Pang ◽  
BHK Yip ◽  
WYW Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Peak Bone Mass ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Tanner Stage ◽  
Health Improvement

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is associated with osteopenia which could persist into adulthood affecting attainment of Peak Bone Mass thus resulting in osteoporosis in late adulthood. We previously reported a randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled trial(the Cal study) showing significant bone health improvement with 2-year calcium(Ca)+Vit-D supplementation for AIS girls. This study addressed the important issue whether bone health improvement from the initial 2-year Ca+Vit-D supplementation could persist as subjects approached towards Peak Bone Mass at 6-year ie after 4-year of supplement discontinuation. This was an extension of the Cal study on AIS girls (11–14 years old, mean age=12.9 years, Tanner stage<IV) with femoral neck aBMD Z-score<0 and Cobb angle≥15∘. 330 subjects were randomized to Group1(placebo), Group2(600mgCa+400-IU-Vit-D3/day) or Group3(600mgCa+800-IU-Vit-D3/day) for 2-year supplementation after which supplementation was stopped. Investigations at baseline, 2-year and 6-year included High-resolution Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography(HR-pQCT) at distal radius and Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry(DXA) at both hips. 270(81.8%) subjects completed 2-year supplementation when changes in left femoral neck aBMD, trabecular vBMD, Trabecular BV/TV, Trabecular Number and Trabecular Separation indicated significant bone health improvement with Ca+Vit-D supplementation(p<0.05). At 6-year(mean age=19.2 years), no between-group difference on bone parameters was noted except increase in Cortical Thickness being greater only in Group3 than in Group1. After 4-year supplement discontinuation, the treatment effect from the initial 2-year supplementation mostly dissipated indicating the need of continued supplementation in AIS girls to sustain therapeutic improvement on bone health as subjects approach towards Peak Bone Mass.

Physical activity and bone health

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han CG Kemper ◽  
Rômulo A Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Bone Health ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Organized Sport ◽  
Available Technology ◽  
Daily Physical Activities

The growth and development of the skeleton during childhood and adolescence is an important determinant of the development of osteoporosis in later life. Therefore healthy behaviours adopted in early life are crucial in the promotion of bone health in adulthood. In the last decades, the available technology to monitor bone growth parameters has become more accurate and cheaper, improving the quality of longitudinal studies undertaken over the last few years. In childhood, the engagement in daily physical activities has a relevant impact on bone formation, mainly if weight-bearing activities are incorporated into it. The physical exercise-related osteogenic effects improve the bone health of boys and girls in different maturational stages. Moreover, the practice of organized sport incorporates osteogenic aspects, while well-structured physical education classes also seem relevant to improving bone health.

scholarly journals The growing years and prevention of osteoporosis in later life

2000 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Connie M. Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mass ◽  
Peak Bone Mass ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Adolescent Females ◽  
The Body ◽  
Risk Of Fracture ◽  
Skeletal Mass ◽  
Lifestyle Choices ◽  
Prevention Of Osteoporosis

Ca is the major mineral in bone, and 99 % of the Ca in the body resides in the skeleton. Skeletal mass is a determinant of risk of fracture in childhood as well as adulthood. Over 40 % of adult peak bone mass is acquired during adolescence. This period is when lifestyle choices, including ensuring adequate dietary Ca, regular weight-bearing exercise and avoiding hormonal insufficiency, are especially important. Current Ca intakes for adolescent females are woefully inadequate.

The Effect of Fructooligosaccharides with Various Degrees of Polymerization on Calcium Bioavailability in the Growing Rat

2003 ◽  
Vol 228 (6) ◽  
pp. 683-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlena C. Kruger ◽  
Katherine E. Brown ◽  
Gabrielle Collett ◽  
Lee Layton ◽  
Linda M. Schollum
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Peak Bone Mass ◽  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Calcium Bioavailability

Maximizing peak bone mass during adolescence may be the key to postponing and perhaps preventing bone fractures due to osteoporosis in later life. One mechanism to maximize peak bone mass is to maximize calcium absorption, and it has been suggested that inulin and oligofructose might be one of the ways of doing so. In this study, fructooligosaccharides with various degrees of polymerization have been compared in terms of impact on calcium absorption, bone density, and excretion of collagen cross-links in the young adult male rat. The various oligosaccharides were oligofructose (DP2-8), inulin (DP>23), and a mixture of 92% inulin and 8% short-chain oligofructose (DP2-8). Measuring ex vivo bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) showed that BMD was significantly higher in the group fed inulin (DP>23) in both femurs, whereas BMC was significantly higher in the spine. The excretion of fragments of Type 1 collagen decreased in all groups over the 4 weeks of feeding, but the decrease was most significant in the group fed inulin (DP>23). Several hypotheses have been offered to explain the effect of the fructooligosaccharides on calcium absorption and retention. These include the production of organic acids that would acidify the luminal contents and enhance solubility and hence absorption, or possibly a mechanism via calbindinD9k. This study is unique in that it compares the different fructooligosaccharides in the same model, and it clearly shows that the various fructans do not have the same effect. In our model, inulin (DP>23) had the most significant effect on calcium bioavailability.

Nutrition, Exercise, and Bone Status in Youth

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan I. Barr ◽  
Heather A. McKay
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Peak Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Bone Status ◽  
The Impact

The maximal amount of bone mass gained during growth (peak bone mass) is an important determinant of bone mass in later life and thereby an important determinant of fraeiure risk. Although genetic factors appear lo be primary determinants of peak bone mass, environmental factors such as physical activity and nutrition also contribute. In this article, bone growth and maintenance are reviewed, and mechanisms are described whereby physical activity can affect bone mass. Studies addressing the effects of physical activity on bone status in youth are reviewed: Although conclusive data are not yet available, considerable evidence supports the importance of activity, especially activity initiated before puberty. The critical role of energy in bone growth is outlined, and studies assessing the impact of calcium intake during childhood and adolescence are reviewed. Although results of intervention trials are equivocal, other evidence supports a role for calcium intake during growth. Recommendations for physical activity and nutrition, directed lochildren and adolescents, are presented.

Genetic studies of osteoporosis

1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (14) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew A. Brown ◽  
Emma L. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Peak Bone Mass ◽  
Human Genetics ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Bone Fragility ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Novel Treatments ◽  
Genetically Determined

Osteoporosis is a common condition of men and women, which is characterised by an increase in bone fragility due to a reduction in the amount of bone tissue. Predisposition to osteoporosis is largely genetically determined, and it is likely that several genes, each having a small effect, are involved. Bone density is determined by the peak bone mass achieved, and the rate and timing of subsequent bone loss. Twin and family studies suggest that the genetic determinants of bone density in later life influence predominantly, but not exclusively, peak bone mass. Although many genes influence bone density in both males and females, at different skeletal sites and in different age groups, it is likely that the magnitude of individual genetic effects differs in different population subsets and in different environmental settings. Thus, weak to moderate genetic effects might be identified only in specific subsets of the population. Rapid advances in the field of human genetics during the past decade have greatly improved our chances of successfully identifying genes that are involved in complex genetic conditions such as osteoporosis, and ultimately might lead to the development of new diagnostic and predictive tests as well as novel treatments for this condition. In this review, we have outlined the methods that are currently being employed to identify osteoporosis genes and also the progress that has been made to date in this field.

scholarly journals Nutrition and osteoporosis prevention and treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 3709-3720
Author(s):  
Jalal Hejazi ◽  
Ali Davoodi ◽  
Mohammadreza Khosravi ◽  
Meghdad Sedaghat ◽  
Vahideh Abedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Calcium Deficiency ◽  
Osteoporosis Prevention ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Good Nutrition

Introduction: Osteoporosis falls among the major general health issues, specifically in the elderly, and is a widespread disease these days. According to various studies, good nutrition plays a significant role in osteoporosis prevention and treatment. The aim of this study was to conduct an extensive literature review on the effects of different nutrients to understand how macronutrients, micronutrients, and non-nutritive substances affect bone health. Methodology: To find relevant studies, the main keyword “osteoporosis” was searched in combination with “zinc,” “vitamin K,” “phosphorus,” “vitamin D,” “calcium,” “lipid,” “protein,” and “phytoestrogens” in PubMed (MEDLINE), Web of Science, SID, and Iran Medex databases. Findings: The most important element for bone health is calcium, which has a direct link to the bone mass density (BMD). In the case of calcium deficiency, high phosphorus content can damage bone tissue. The acceptable ratio of phosphorus to calcium is 0.5-1.5:1. Vitamin D is another important nutrient for bones; serum levels of vitamin D less than 20 ng/ml reduce bone density and increase the risk of fracture. High protein intake results in calcium excretion and loss of bone mass. In addition, calcium deficiency increases the risk of osteoporosis, specifically in the elderly. According to the literature, there is an inverse correlation between saturated fats and BMD. Vitamin K and magnesium deficiencies are correlated with BMD reduction and increased risk of osteoporosis. Copper and zinc are used as co-factors in the formation of collagen and elastin, and in mineralization of bone. As a result, deficiency of these elements may disrupt the process of incorporating minerals into the bone matrix. Conclusion: Good nutrition may play a significant role in osteoporosis prevention and treatment. Indeed, a healthy diet containing calcium (1,200 mg/day); vitamin D (600 IU); and certain amounts of protein, magnesium, and vitamin K can contribute greatly to bone health.

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