scholarly journals Managing Pharmacotherapy in People Living With HIV and Concomitant Malignancy

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 812-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline L. Olin ◽  
Olga Klibanov ◽  
Alexandre Chan ◽  
Linda M. Spooner
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Multidisciplinary Care ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Chronic Medical Condition ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Living With Hiv

Objective: To describe data with selected malignancies in people living with HIV (PLWH) and HIV in individuals affected by both conditions and to summarize drug-drug interactions (DDIs) with clinical recommendations for point-of-care review of combination therapies. Data Sources: Literature searches were performed (2005 to December 2018) in MEDLINE and EMBASE to identify studies of malignancies in PLWH in the modern era. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Article bibliographies and drug interaction databases were reviewed. Search terms included HIV, antiretroviral therapy, antineoplastic agents, malignancies, and drug interactions. Data Synthesis: In the pre–antiretroviral therapy (ART) era, malignancies in PLWH were AIDS-defining illnesses, and life expectancy was shorter. Nowadays, PLWH are living longer and developing malignancies, including lung, anal, and prostate cancers. Concurrently, the oncology landscape has evolved, with novel oral targeted agents and immunotherapies becoming routine elements of care. The increased need for and complexity with antineoplastics in PLWH has led to recommendations for multidisciplinary care of this unique population. Evaluation of DDIs requires review of metabolic pathways, absorption mechanisms, and various drug transporters associated with antineoplastics and ART. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: This review summarizes available data of non–AIDS-defining malignancies, principles of HIV care in the patient with malignancy, and guidance for assessing DDIs between antineoplastics and ART. Summary DDI tables provide point-of-care recommendations. Conclusions: The availability of ART has transformed AIDS into a chronic medical condition, and PLWH are experiencing age-related malignancies. Pharmacists play an important role in the management of this patient population.

Comorbid Medical Problems and Motivational Interviewing

2019 ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
Sharon Connor ◽  
Hanna K. Welch
Keyword(s):  
Motivational Interviewing ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Congestive Heart Failure Patient ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Social And Cultural Factors ◽  
Living With Hiv

As HIV treatments become more effective and accessible, people living with HIV (PLWH) are achieving longer lifespans; however, this aging population also faces a greater risk of age-related co-morbidities. Many chronic diseases affect people living with HIV disproportionately, including diabetes, ischemic heart disease, and congestive heart failure. Patient-centered healthcare should aim to optimize quality and length of life while also considering the person’s value system. Motivational interviewing (MI) has been effective in helping PLWH to better manage chronic diseases requiring behavioral modification in both high- and low-resource settings. MI is a useful approach in the complex care of PLWH and medical co-morbidities. MI can promote self-management integrating HIV care as well as other co-morbidities in the context of social and cultural factors. This chapter discusses the application of MI to achieve better control of co-morbid medical conditions in PLWH.

scholarly journals Adhering to antiretroviral therapy: A qualitative analysis of motivations for and obstacles to consistent use of antiretroviral therapy in people living with HIV

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 205031212091540
Author(s):  
Lisa Fleischer ◽  
Ann Avery
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Care Team ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Care Clinic ◽  
Main Motivation ◽  
Living With Hiv

Objectives: Based on the 2015 U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention data, 40% of people living with HIV in the United States with an HIV diagnosis and 18.5% of people living with HIV in HIV care in the United States are not virally suppressed. Many HIV care clinics have implemented recommendations to improve the percentage of people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy. To understand what more could be done, we examine patients’ motivations and obstacles to maintaining adherence to antiretroviral therapy. Methods: We conducted qualitative analysis using a qualitative description framework of in-depth interviews with people living with HIV receiving care at an urban HIV care clinic in the midwestern United States. Results: We found that while many traditional barriers to care have been addressed by existing programs, there are key differences between those consistent with antiretroviral therapy and those inconsistent with antiretroviral therapy. In particular, self-motivation, diagnosis acceptance, treatment for depression, spiritual beliefs, perceived value of the HIV care team, and prior experience with health care distinguish these two groups. Most significantly, we found that people living with HIV consistent with antiretroviral therapy describe their main motivation as coming from themselves, whereas people living with HIV inconsistent with antiretroviral therapy more often describe their main motivation as coming from the HIV care team. Conclusion: Our results highlight the importance of the HIV care team’s encouragement of maintaining antiretroviral adherence, as well as encouraging treatment for depression.

Integrating Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment Into HIV Care Systems in Indonesia: A Synthesis of Recent Evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Linlin Lindayani ◽  
Irma Darmawati ◽  
Heni Purnama ◽  
Bhakti Permana
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Geriatric Assessment ◽  
Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Geriatric Syndrome ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Living With Hiv

Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has improved the health and life expectancy of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Comorbidities and geriatric syndrome are more prevalent in patients with HIV than in the general population. As a result, people living with HIV may face unique characteristics and needs related to aging. Health-care systems need to prepare to encounter those issues that not only focus on virology suppression and cART management but also chronic non-AIDS comorbidities and geriatric syndrome. However, there are limited data on geriatric assessment among people living with HIV. The purpose of this article is to present findings of a literature search that integrate age-related issues in HIV care management for health-care professionals caring for people living with HIV in Indonesia to consider. Integrating comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) into HIV care is essential. However, some critical issues need to be considered prior to implementing CGA in HIV primary care, including social vulnerability, economic inequality, and aging-related stigma. Developing guidelines for implementing CGA in HIV primary clinics remains a priority. Studies of HIV in the aging population in Indonesia need to be conducted to understand the burden of geriatric syndrome.

Motivational Interviewing and the Continuum of HIV Care in Practice

2019 ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Shriya Kaneriya ◽  
K. Rivet Amico ◽  
Antoine Douaihy
Keyword(s):  
Motivational Interviewing ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Hiv Management ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Positive Health Outcomes

Advances in HIV treatment have transformed a nearly universally fatal disease into a manageable long-term medical condition. Treatment, however, requires long-term, active engagement and self-directed adherence to HIV medications, which can be challenging to manage. Factors influencing HIV management are multilevel and best understood from an interdisciplinary framework. This chapter reviews the interdisciplinary care model for HIV management, discusses barriers interfering with positive health outcomes in people living with HIV (PLWH), and positions motivational interviewing (MI) as particularly well suited to optimizing outcomes in an interdisciplinary context. This chapter advocates for the integration of MI into the care of PLWH throughout the HIV care continuum.

scholarly journals Costs of Point-of-Care Viral Load Testing for Adults and Children Living with HIV in Kenya

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Michelle Ann Bulterys ◽  
Patrick Oyaro ◽  
Evelyn Brown ◽  
Nashon Yongo ◽  
Enericah Karauki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Treatment Monitoring ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Equipment Costs

Background: The number of people living with HIV (PLHIV) in need of treatment monitoring in low-and-middle-income countries is rapidly expanding, straining existing laboratory capacity. Point-of-care viral load (POC VL) testing can alleviate the burden on centralized laboratories and enable faster delivery of results, improving clinical outcomes. However, implementation costs are uncertain and will depend on clinic testing volume. We sought to estimate the costs of decentralized POC VL testing compared to centralized laboratory testing for adults and children receiving HIV care in Kenya. Methods: We conducted microcosting to estimate the per-patient costs of POC VL testing compared to known costs of centralized laboratory testing. We completed time-and-motion observations and stakeholder interviews to assess personnel structures, staff time, equipment costs, and laboratory processes associated with POC VL administration. Capital costs were estimated using a 5 year lifespan and a 3% annual discount rate. Results: We estimated that POC VL testing cost USD $24.25 per test, assuming a clinic is conducting 100 VL tests per month. Test cartridge and laboratory equipment costs accounted for most of the cost (62% and 28%, respectively). Costs varied by number of VL tests conducted at the clinic, ranging from $54.93 to $18.12 per test assuming 20 to 500 VL tests per month, respectively. A VL test processed at a centralized laboratory was estimated to cost USD $25.65. Conclusion: POC VL testing for HIV treatment monitoring can be feasibly implemented in clinics within Kenya and costs declined with higher testing volumes. Our cost estimates are useful to policymakers in planning resource allocation and can inform cost-effectiveness analyses evaluating POC VL testing.

scholarly journals A Cascade of Interventions to Promote Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy in African Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 529-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Jopling ◽  
Primrose Nyamayaro ◽  
Lena S Andersen ◽  
Ashraf Kagee ◽  
Jessica E Haberer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Treatment Cascade ◽  
Art Initiation ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Purpose of Review We reviewed interventions to improve uptake and adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in African countries in the Treat All era. Recent Findings ART initiation can be improved by facilitated rapid receipt of first prescription, including community-based linkage and point-of-care strategies, integration of HIV care into antenatal care and peer support for adolescents. For people living with HIV (PLHIV) on ART, scheduled SMS reminders, ongoing intensive counselling for those with viral non-suppression and economic incentives for the most deprived show promise. Adherence clubs should be promoted, being no less effective than facility-based care for stable patients. Tracing those lost to follow-up should be targeted to those who can be seen face-to-face by a peer worker. Summary Investment is needed to promote linkage to initiating ART and for differentiated approaches to counselling for youth and for those with identified suboptimal adherence. More evidence from within Africa is needed on cost-effective strategies to identify and support PLHIV at an increased risk of non-adherence across the treatment cascade.

scholarly journals 1305. Use of a Clinical Pharmacist to Reduce Inpatient ART (Antiretroviral Therapy) Errors

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S470-S471
Author(s):  
DeMaurian Mitchner ◽  
Lauren E Richey
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Clinical Pharmacist ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Medication Administration ◽  
Transitions Of Care ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Inpatient Setting ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Background Continuous antiretroviral therapy (ART) that results in viral suppression is the goal of therapy for people living with HIV (PLWH). This results in improved clinical outcomes and prevents transmission to partners. University Medical Center is an urban charity hospital that provides the majority of inpatient care to PLWH in the city of New Orleans. HIV care providers noticed many ART errors during transitions of care, particularly during inpatient admissions. Impartial regimens and interactions can occur when non-HIV providers manage patients in the hospital leading to resistance and viral failure. Methods A clinical pharmacist was hired to improve the quality of HIV care, both in the inpatient and outpatient setting. An electronic medical records alert was created for any patient with HIV who was admitted to the hospital. The clinical pharmacist then reviewed the ART orders Monday through Friday and provided recommendations to the inpatient teams. Data on the frequency and types of errors on the medication administration record (MAR) were recorded. Data were collected for 6 months, from October 2018 to March 2019. Three-month data from October 2018 to December 2018 was compared with three-month data from January 2019 to March 2019 for quality improvement purposes. Results One hundred forty-eight people living with HIV were admitted to the hospital during the specified time period. A minority of the patients (25%) had a consult to an HIV Specialist. Eight (5%) were omission of ART (no regimen or partial regimen), 19 (13%) had food or drug interactions, and 14 (10%) had the incorrect ART regimen ordered. The clinical pharmacist was able to contact the inpatient team and have these errors corrected. There was a 20% decrease in the patients with errors in their inpatient ART order on the MAR during the review period, due to physicians and pharmacists proactively contacting the pharmacist prior to orders being placed and processed. Conclusion Errors in ART in the inpatient setting are common. A clinical pharmacist intervention can successfully decrease ART errors as patients’ transition between inpatient and outpatient care. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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