Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Acute Deep Vein Thromboses

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Louw ◽  
Barry F. Jacobson ◽  
Harry Büller
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
South African ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Deep Vein

Abnormalities that predispose to a hypercoagulable state with an increased incidence of venous thrombosis have been described in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections and are associated with an increased mortality. A recent systematic review by Klein et al concluded that further studies are essential to elucidate the link between HIV infection and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). We prospectively evaluated 24 consecutive, active people presenting with an acute DVT; 13 consented to HIV testing, revealing an HIV prevalence of 84% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65-1.04). In a matched healthy control group, the HIV prevalence was 4% (95% CI, 0.039-0.041). The high HIV prevalence in the DVT group that consented to testing was also significantly higher compared to that in the South African population, estimated to be 10% in 2005. Although the study numbers were low, a statistically significant increased prevalence of HIV infection was found in patients with acute DVTs.

Late diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus infections in high-risk groups in Karachi, Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (14) ◽  
pp. 1400-1406
Author(s):  
Zahra Hasan ◽  
Sharaf Shah ◽  
Rumina Hasan ◽  
Shoaib Rao ◽  
Manzoor Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection prevalence in Pakistan has been increasing in high-risk groups, including people who inject drugs (PWID) and transgender hijra sex workers (TG-HSWs) nationwide. Effective control of HIV requires early diagnosis of the infection. We investigated recency of HIV infections in newly-diagnosed cases in PWID and TG-HSWs. This was an observational study with convenience sampling. Overall, 210 HIV-positive subjects comprising an equal number of PWID and TG-HSWs were included. Antibody avidity was tested using the Maxim HIV-1 Limiting Antigen Avidity (LAg) EIA (Maxim Biomedical, Inc. Rockville, Maryland, USA). The mean age of study subjects was 29.5 years: PWID, 28.5 years and TG-HSWs, 30.4 years. Study subjects were married, 27%, or unmarried. Eighteen percent of individuals had recently-acquired HIV infections: 19% of PWID and 17% of TG-HSWs. Eighty-two percent of individuals had long-term HIV infections: 81% of PWID and 83% of TG-HSWs. This is the first study identification of recent HIV-1 infections in Pakistan. We show that most newly-diagnosed HIV patients in the high-risk groups studied had long-term infections. There is an urgent need for intervention in these groups to facilitate early diagnosis and treatment of HIV infection to reduce transmission in Pakistan.

scholarly journals The South African Nurse’s Knowledge of Occupational Human Immunodeficiency Virus Postexposure Prophylaxis in the Era of Controlled and Stable HIV Prevalence

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 7784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melitah Molatelo Rasweswe ◽  
Mmapheko Doriccah Peu
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Postexposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Acquisition ◽  
Risk Of Hiv Acquisition

Knowledge is a crucial aspect of nursing. Nurses, just like any other healthcare workers (HCWs), are empowered with the knowledge of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Postexposure Prophylaxis (PEP) protocol to be followed, including post-exposure to blood and body fluids (BBFs). The utilization of HIV PEP demonstrated its capabilities to prevent HCWs from HIV infections. However, the practice in healthcare settings remains a challenge, as many HCWs do not adhere to the protocol. This study investigated how knowledgeable nurses are about HIV PEP in the era of controlled and stable HIV prevalence. Ninety-four nurses completed a self-administered questionnaire to provide information. A biostatistician assisted with data analysis, using Microsoft Excel converted to the STATA 13 format. Most (77.0%) were female with a mean age of 30 ± 9 years. The degree of knowledge was low, although the results showed that 90.43% of nurses had been informed about HIV PEP. Eighty (84%) did not know where to access HIV PEP, and (55.32%) were unaware of HIV PEP guidelines. A comparison between knowledge and work experience revealed that those with five years and less experience are less knowledgeable. There is a need to improve nurses’ knowledge of HIV PEP to reduce the risk of HIV acquisition from work-related activities.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Inequalities in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Sero-Prevalence among Women in Namibia: Further Analysis of Population-Based Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 9397
Author(s):  
Michael Ekholuenetale ◽  
Herbert Onuoha ◽  
Charity Ehimwenma Ekholuenetale ◽  
Amadou Barrow ◽  
Chimezie Igwegbe Nzoputam
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Socioeconomic Inequalities ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Hiv Prevention Strategies ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Socioeconomic inequality is a major factor to consider in the prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission. The aim of this study was to investigate socioeconomic inequalities in HIV prevalence among Namibian women. Data from a population-based household survey with multistage-stratified sample of 6501 women were used to examine the link between socioeconomic inequalities and HIV prevalence. The weighted HIV prevalence was 13.2% (95% CI: 12.1–14.3%). The HIV prevalence among the poorest, poorer, middle, richer, and richest households was 21.4%, 19.7%, 16.3%, 11.0%, and 3.7%, respectively. Similarly, 21.2%, 21.7%, 11.8%, and 2.1% HIV prevalence was estimated among women with no formal education and primary, secondary, and higher education, respectively. Women from poor households (Conc. Index = −0.258; SE = 0.017) and those with no formal education (Conc. Index = −0.199; SE = 0.015) had high concentration of HIV infection, respectively. In light of these findings, HIV prevention strategies must be tailored to the specific drivers of transmission in low socioeconomic groups, with special attention paid to the vulnerabilities faced by women and the dynamic and contextual nature of the relationship between socioeconomic status and HIV infection.

scholarly journals Human immunodeficiency virus-associated deep vein thrombosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
KeshriSingh Yadav ◽  
AkhileshKumar Singh ◽  
Duraikannan Premnath
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Deep Vein

scholarly journals Effect of Successive Single-gestation Pregnancies on the Course of Maternal Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease and Perinatal Transmission

1995 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 251-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Robinson ◽  
Dan Wiley ◽  
Russ Van Dyke
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Multiple Pregnancy ◽  
Perinatal Transmission ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Matched Control Group ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Asymptomatic Women

Objective: This study was undertaken to examine the effect of successive pregnancies over a 3-year period on the course of maternal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and the rate of perinatal transmission of HIV.Methods: A retrospective analysis of 32 pregnancies in 14 known HIV-infected women vs. a matched control group of HIV-infected women who had been pregnant only once was done.Results: The multiple-pregnancy group was similar to the single-pregnancy group for age, race, duration of known HIV infection, initial CD4 count, and date of first pregnancy. The delivery data were similar as well. The CD4 counts in the multiple-pregnancy group fell from 595 to 460, while counts in the single-pregnancy group fell comparably from 669 to 638, both over 37 months (P = 0.1476). Five of 5 second-born infants of known serostatus vs. 8 of 21 first-born infants were HIV-infected (P < 0.05).Conclusions: Successive pregnancies do not alter the course of HIV infection in asymptomatic women followed up to 3 years. The infants of second pregnancies of known HIV-infected women may be at higher risk for perinatal transmission.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus among pregnant women in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Ozim ◽  
R Mahendran ◽  
M Amalan ◽  
S Puthussery
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Primary Outcome Measure ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Abstract Background Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection among pregnant women has been associated with a number of adverse maternal and infant outcomes. Nigeria accounts for about 10% of the HIV/AIDS burden worldwide and has the second highest incidence of new HIV infections among women globally. This study estimated the overall prevalence of HIV among pregnant women in Nigeria and examined variations across the geo-political zones of the country. Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. A comprehensive search was conducted using eight electronic databases and grey sources for studies published from 1·1·2008 to 31·8·2019. Primary studies reporting prevalence estimates of HIV among pregnant women diagnosed using a diagnostic/ screening test were identified, screened and appraised using a two-stage process. A meta-analysis was conducted with the primary outcome measure as proportion (%) of pregnant women identified as having HIV infection. Results Twenty three eligible studies involving 72,728 pregnant women were included in the meta-analysis. The overall pooled prevalence of HIV among pregnant women was 7·22% (95% CI: 5·64, 9·21). A high degree of heterogeneity (I2=97·2%) and publication bias (p = 0.728) was reported. Prevalence rate for South-East geo-political zone (17·04%, 95% CI: 9·01, 29·86) was higher compared to the overall prevalence. Conclusions Findings imply that 7 out of every 100 pregnant women in Nigeria are likely to have HIV infection. The magnitude of the issue highlight the need for targeted efforts at local, national and international levels towards prevention, diagnosis and treatment. Key messages HIV infection among pregnant women is a major public health issue in Nigeria. Targeted efforts are needed at local, national and international levels towards prevention, diagnosis and treatment.

Preventive Cardiovascular Care in Patients With HIV Infection in an Outpatient Clinic

2021 ◽  
pp. 089719002110007
Author(s):  
Ayşe Elif Özdener-Poyraz ◽  
Georgeta Vaidean
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Outpatient Clinic ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Smoking Cessation Counseling ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Negative

Background: People/patients living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) are at an increased risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease due to normal disease processes, antiretroviral medication adverse effects, and age-related comorbid conditions. Preventive cardiovascular (CV) screenings such as the need for statin, low-dose aspirin, or smoking cessation counseling are not well studied in PLWH. Objectives: To investigate whether there are differences in preventive CV care offered to patients with and without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in 1 outpatient clinic. Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 150 consecutive patients if they had at least 4 appointments in 2 years and they did not have a history and they do not have a history of CV events. A randomly selected sample of patients without HIV infection receiving primary care services in the same clinic were used as the control group and were enrolled using the same inclusion criteria. Results: More patients met statin criteria and were prescribed it in the HIV-negative arm [(70% vs. 24.67%; p < 0.0001); (89.52% vs. 54.05%; p < 0.0001)]. More patients in the HIV-negative arm met aspirin criteria and were prescribed it [(10.67% vs. 8.16%; p = 0.46); (50% vs. 33.3%; p = 0.33)]. There were more current smokers in the HIV-positive arm and a slightly greater number that received smoking cessation counseling [(38% vs. 11.33%; p < 0.0001); (82.46% vs. 76.47%; p = 0.58)]. Conclusion: Our results found that PLWH receive less preventive CV care compared to non-HIV-infected patients in the same outpatient clinic. Increased efforts are needed to ensure PLWH are receiving primary preventive CV care they need.

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