Heightened Sexual Misconduct Victimization Rates among Reserve Officers’ Training Corps Women: Results From a Campus Climate Survey

2021 ◽  
pp. 107780122110309
Author(s):  
Matt J. Gray ◽  
Tess M. Kilwein ◽  
Stephanie Amaya ◽  
Kendal C. Binion
Keyword(s):  
Intercollegiate Athletics ◽  
Campus Climate ◽  
Sexual Misconduct ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Greek Life ◽  
Service Academy ◽  
Training Corps ◽  
Victimization Rates ◽  
Reserve Officers Training Corps

Sexual assault, harassment, and stalking are commonplace among college students, with identified subgroups being particularly at risk (e.g., Greek-life organizations and intercollegiate athletics). Despite higher rates of sexual misconduct among active-duty military and service academy women, no research has examined the risk for Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC) women. A total of N = 1,562 college women were sampled from a sexual misconduct campus climate survey. ROTC women reported higher victimization rates for all variants of sexual misconduct and violence relative to the broader student population, as well as previously established high-risk groups. Directions for future research and implications for prevention programming/response are presented and discussed.

Understanding cognitive performance during exercise in Reserve Officers’ Training Corps: establishing the executive function-exercise intensity relationship

2020 ◽  
Vol 129 (4) ◽  
pp. 846-854
Author(s):  
Brandon L. Stone ◽  
Madison Beneda-Bender ◽  
Duncan L. McCollum ◽  
Jongjoo Sun ◽  
Joseph H. Shelley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Cognitive Change ◽  
Heart Rate Reserve ◽  
Graded Exercise ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Training Corps ◽  
Reserve Officers Training Corps

The executive functioning aspect of cognition was evaluated during graded exercise in Reserve Officers’ Training Corps cadets. Executive function declined at exercise intensities of ≥80% of heart rate reserve. The decline in executive function was coupled with declines in the oxygenation of the prefrontal cortex, the brain region responsible for executive functioning. These data define the executive function-exercise intensity relationship and provide evidence supporting the reticular activation hypofrontality theory as a model of cognitive change.

Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes in Reserve Officers’ Training Corps Cadets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kara N Radzak ◽  
Katherine J Hunzinger ◽  
Katelyn M Costantini ◽  
C Buz Swanik ◽  
Thomas A Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Rotc Cadets ◽  
Concussion Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Training Corps ◽  
Reserve Officers Training Corps

ABSTRACT Introduction Military members’ knowledge of concussion signs and symptoms may be critical to appropriate concussion identification and health-seeking behavior, particularly for those in leadership roles. The current study aimed to characterize concussion knowledge and attitudes among future military officers undergoing U.S.-based Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC) training. Materials and Methods Army and Air Force ROTC cadets at 2 large, public universities were utilized for a survey-based observational study. The study was approved by the institutional review board at both university research sites. Cadets completed a modified Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitude Survey to obtain cadets’ Concussion Knowledge Index and Concussion Attitude Index, where higher scores are preferable. Cadets’ concussion knowledge and attitudes were characterized via descriptive statistics. Results Cadets (n = 110) had a mean Concussion Knowledge Index of 18.8 ± 3.2 (range = 9–23, out of 25). Potentially detrimental misconceptions included: belief that typically concussion symptoms no longer persist after 10 days (79.1%) and brain imaging shows visible physical damage following concussion (74.5%). Mean Concussion Attitude Index was 60.6 ± 7.4 (range = 46–75, out of 75). In general, cadets reported higher agreement with safe concussion behavior than what they believe peers would report. Conclusions Cadets were found to have a high concussion knowledge, yet common misconceptions remained. Cadets consistently reported safe choices but were less sure that peers felt similarly; future investigations should evaluate ROTC concussion social norms and education should note peers’ beliefs supporting safe concussion attitudes.

scholarly journals Resilience and disaster research

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-547
Author(s):  
Helena Bakić
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Mental Health Disorder ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
The Individual

Disasters pose a significant threat to the long-term well-being of individuals, communities and societies. Therefore, studying resilience, defined as the process of maintaining and recovering psychological well-being after adversity, is crucial for disaster preparedness and mitigation. The aims of this paper are to summarize the historical context of resilience research, present the key concepts, discuss current measurement approaches and propose future research directions. Key determinants of resilience - risk, positive adaptation and resources - are discussed with the focus on studies of adults affected by disasters. This narrative review demonstrates that research up to date has focused mostly on finding the individual characteristics that predict the absence of psychopathology or mental health disorder symptoms, while other types of resources or dynamic relations between key aspects of resilience have been neglected. Future studies should aim to include multiple measurement points, high- and low-risk groups, long-term follow-up and broader perspectives on both psychological well-being and potential resources.

scholarly journals Who Are Their Leaders? College Students Perceptions of and Engagement with Campus Leaders and Administrators

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Stephanie Rizzo ◽  
Dana J. Tribble ◽  
Louis S. Nadelson
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Campus Climate ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Future Research ◽  
First Year ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Campus Leaders ◽  
Campus Administrators

College students’ interactions with campus leaders is critical to their success, particularly in situations of distress. Yet, little is known about college students’ knowledge, perceptions, and identification of campus administrators, faculty members, and staff as leaders and their interactions with these campus leaders. To fill the gap in the literature, we applied a cross-sectional methodology to gather a combination of quantitative and qualitative data using an online survey. We had 60 first-year students participate in our exploratory research by fully completing our survey. We found that students identified their advisors as leaders on campus. We also found most of our participants avoided campus administrators in fear of judgment, intimidation, and feelings of anxiety. Our results have implications for campus leadership, college administrators, student retention, and campus climate. Following our results, we discuss implications for practice and offer additional recommendations for future research.

Suicide prevention trials

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lakshmi Vijayakumar ◽  
Melissa Pearson ◽  
Shuba Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Reliable Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Social Inequities ◽  
Legal Barriers

The majority of suicides occur in LAMIC. This chapter presents findings from two low-cost, feasible interventions aimed at reducing suicides. The Suicide Prevention Multisite Intervention Study (SUPRE-MISS) of WHO assessed the effectiveness of brief intervention and contact (BIC) as an intervention strategy in five countries. Another trial in South India examined the effectiveness of a central pesticide storage facility as a means of reducing pesticide suicides. Some challenges that such trials face are the large sample sizes required to detect a significant change, making them uneconomical and unfeasible. Dearth of reliable data on suicide and underreporting because of cultural norms and legal barriers compound the problem. Future research should incorporate effective surveillance for reliable data, address high-risk groups, and initiate large-scale intervention at the community level involving multiple collaborators. Multipronged strategies, addressing social inequities, and improving health services would be the way forward to reduce the burden of suicide.

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