Sensory Gating Capacity and Attentional Function in Adults With ADHD: A Preliminary Neurophysiological and Neuropsychological Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 1199-1209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Arthur Micoulaud-Franchi ◽  
Régis Lopez ◽  
Michel Cermolacce ◽  
Florence Vaillant ◽  
Pauline Péri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Sensory Input ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Sensory Gating ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

Objective: The inability to filter sensory input correctly may impair higher cognitive function in ADHD. However, this relationship remains largely elusive. The objectives of the present study is to investigate the relationship between sensory input processing and cognitive function in adult patients with ADHD. Method: This study investigated the relationship between deficit in sensory gating capacity (P50 amplitude changes in a double-click conditioning-testing paradigm and perceptual abnormalities related to sensory gating deficit with the Sensory Gating Inventory [SGI]) and attentional and executive function (P300 amplitude in an oddball paradigm and attentional and executive performances with a neuropsychological test) in 24 adult patients with ADHD. Results: The lower the sensory gating capacity of the brain and the higher the distractibility related to sensory gating inability that the patients reported, the lower the P300 amplitude. Conclusion: The capacity of the brain to gate the response to irrelevant incoming sensory input may be a fundamental protective mechanism that prevents the flooding of higher brain structures with irrelevant information in adult patients with ADHD.

Executive Function Is Associated With Antisocial Behavior and Aggression in Athletes

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 469-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Micai ◽  
Maria Kavussanu ◽  
Christopher Ring
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Impulse Control ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
The Relationship

Poor executive function has been linked to increased antisocial and aggressive behavior in clinical and nonclinical populations. The present study investigated the relationship between executive and nonexecutive cognitive function and antisocial behavior in sport as well as reactive and proactive aggression. Cognitive function was assessed in young adult male and female athletes using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). Antisocial behavior in sport and aggression were assessed via self-report instruments and were found to be positively correlated. Executive function (but not nonexecutive function) scores were negatively correlated with both self-reported antisocial behavior and aggression in males but not females. Our findings suggest that prefrontal deficits among male athletes could contribute to poor impulse control and difficulty in anticipating the consequences of their antisocial and aggressive behavior.

Use of 99mTc-HMPAO Brain SPECT in Patients with Arterial Hypertension: Correlation with Cognitive Function

2015 ◽  
Vol 1084 ◽  
pp. 492-495
Author(s):  
Irina Yu. Efimova ◽  
Nataliya Yu. Efimova ◽  
Sergey V. Triss ◽  
Yuri B. Lishmanov
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Brain Perfusion ◽  
Brain Spect ◽  
Thought Processes ◽  
Psychomotor Speed ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

Article focuses on the use of 99mTc-HMPAO brain SPECT for evaluation of cerebral blood flow in patients with arterial hypertension and identification of the relationship of brain perfusion and cognitive function. Using SPECT of brain with 99mTc-HMPAO it was found out that hypertensive patients even in the absence of focal neurological symptoms have hypoperfusion of the brain which leads to cognitive dysfunction: decreased attention, psychomotor speed and slow thought processes.

scholarly journals Neuropsychological assessment : An overview

2014 ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
Bidita Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Neuropsychological Assessment ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Brain Dysfunction ◽  
Human Behaviour ◽  
Clinical Neuropsychology ◽  
Current Article ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

Man’s interest in the relationship between the brain and behaviour extends back at least 2500 years. The study of brain behaviour relationship evolved with the development of a science of human behaviour based on the function of human brain, known as neuropsychology. Clinical neuropsychology in the 20th century showed a steady accumulation of clinical reports and research investigations that have gradually refined the theoretical positions. However, assessment relies heavily on the use of specific tests to investigate brain-behaviour relationships. There has been several specific standerdized tests as well as test batteries developed across the globe. Current article has focused on different neuropsychological test batteries to evaluate individuals suspected of having brain dysfunction or damage.

scholarly journals Relationship between enlarged perivascular space in hippocampus and P300 event-related potential in patients with acute lacunar stroke

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Huang ◽  
Zhixiang Zhang ◽  
Yuqing Mei ◽  
Kuankuan Huang ◽  
Yiping Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Perivascular Space ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
P300 Latency ◽  
Lacunar Stroke ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
P300 Event Related Potential

Abstract Background This study aimed to investigate the relationship between enlarged perivascular space in hippocampus (H-EPVS) and P300 event-related potential (ERP) in patients with acute lacunar stroke. Methods Patients with acute lacunar stroke hospitalized in Changzhou No.2 people's Hospital from February 2019 to July 2020 were collected. All the patients performed the P300 auditory oddball task and a full set of cognitive function tests. We recorded P300 latency and amplitude by EMG evoked potential instrument. H-EPVS showed round, oval and linear structures on MRI T2-weighted images of hippocampus, with clear boundaries and consistency in the direction of the perforating arterioles. Dividing the total number of H-EPVS ≥ 7 into extensive H-EPVS group (n = 61) and non-extensive H-EPVS group (n = 53). ROC curve was used to analyze the relationship between P300 ERP and cognitive function of extensive H-EPVS in patients with acute lacunar stroke. Results A total of 114 patients with acute lacunar stroke were included, and 61 (53.5%) patients were found to have extensive H-EPVS. The P300 latency in patients with extensive H-EPVS( mean and SD, 393.61 ± 30.36) was significantly higher than in non-extensive H-EPVS (mean and SD, 356.4 ± 19.59 ms, t = -7.870, P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in P300 amplitude between the two groups (P > 0.05). In addition, The cognitive function (the field of verbal fluency) in patients with extensive H-EPVS (mean and SD, -0.41 ± 0.50) was significantly lower than in non-extensive H-EPVS (mean and SD, 0.47 ± 0.54, t = 9.017, P < 0.01). Further analysis shows that in patients with acute lacunar stroke, P300 latency was positively associated with H-EPVS counts (r = 0.726, P = 0.000). H-EPVS counts was negatively associated with cognitive function score (the field of verbal fluency) (r=-0.705, P = 0.000). ROC curve analysis showed that the index of cognitive impairment diagnosed by P300 in patients with acute lacunar stoke was 0.796. Conclusion Extensive H-EPVS has a high incidence in patients with acute lacunar stroke. The P300 latency may be used as an early indicator to evaluate the verbal fluency function of extensive H-EPVS patients with acute lacunar stroke.

scholarly journals Relationship between afternoon napping and cognitive function in the ageing Chinese population

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. e100361
Author(s):  
Han Cai ◽  
Ning Su ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Xia Li ◽  
Shifu Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
State Examination

BackgroundSeveral studies have shown that afternoon napping promotes cognitive function in the elderly; on the other hand, some studies have shown opposite results. This current study further examined the relationship between afternoon napping and cognitive function in the ageing Chinese population.MethodsA total of 2214 elderly were included (napping group: n=1534; non-napping group: n=680). They all received cognitive evaluations by the Beijing version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, the Mini-Mental State Examination, and the Chinese version of the Neuropsychological Test Battery. Among all the subjects, 739 elderly volunteered to take blood lipid tests.ResultsSignificant differences in cognitive function and blood lipids were observed between the napping and the non-napping groups. Afternoon napping was associated with better cognitive function including orientation, language, and memory in the present study. Subjects with the habit of afternoon napping also showed a higher level of triglyceride than the non-napping subjects.ConclusionThe results demonstrated that afternoon napping was related to better cognitive function in the Chinese ageing population.

scholarly journals The relationship between plasma free fatty acids, cognitive function and structural integrity of the brain in middle-aged healthy humans

Aging ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 22078-22091
Author(s):  
Markus Herrmann ◽  
Sebastian Simstich ◽  
Günter Fauler ◽  
Edith Hofer ◽  
Eva Fritz-Petrin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Plasma Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

Perception from Action

2019 ◽  
pp. 53-82
Author(s):  
György Buzsáki
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sensory Input ◽  
Perception And Action ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Corollary Discharge ◽  
Alternative View ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

The outside-in framework inevitably poses the question: What comes between perception and action? The homunculus with its decision-making power produces unavoidable logical consequences from the separation of perception from action. I promote the alternative view that things and events in the world can acquire meaning only through brain-initiated actions. In this process, the brain builds a simplified, customized model of the world by encoding the relationships of events to each other. I introduce the concept of “corollary discharge,” the main physiological mechanism that grounds the sensory input to make it an experience. This is a comparator mechanism that allows the brain to examine the relationship between a true change in the sensory input and a change due to self-initiated movement of the sensors.

scholarly journals Neural Coding of Food Is a Multisensory, Sensorimotor Function

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 398
Author(s):  
Patricia M. Di Lorenzo
Keyword(s):  
Neural Coding ◽  
Sensory Input ◽  
Sensorimotor Function ◽  
Neural Processing ◽  
Gustatory System ◽  
Taste System ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Taste Coding

This review is a curated discussion of the relationship between the gustatory system and the perception of food beginning at the earliest stage of neural processing. A brief description of the idea of taste qualities and mammalian anatomy of the taste system is presented first, followed by an overview of theories of taste coding. The case is made that food is encoded by the several senses that it stimulates beginning in the brainstem and extending throughout the entire gustatory neuraxis. In addition, the feedback from food-related movements is seamlessly melded with sensory input to create the representation of food objects in the brain.

scholarly journals Relationship of selenium consumption and the improvement of cognitive performance in humans and animals: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Everton Horiquini Barbosa ◽  
Mariana Almeida ◽  
Brendon Stallen Lopes Nogueira
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

Introduction: The aging process is characterized by morphological, physiological, biochemical and psychological changes that depend on the lifestyle. This process is the result of the accumulation of molecular and cellular damage throughout life, leading to a gradual decrease in physical and mental capacity, and greater chances of the development of pathologies such as the decline in cognitive function. Studies show that adequate consumption of foods containing selenium (Se) acts to inhibit the production of free radicals, reducing the damage caused by oxidative stress. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between selenium consumption and the maintenance of cognitive function. Methods:A systematic review of scientific articles was carried out to analyze the relationship between Se consumption and cognitive function in the elderly. The identification of the articles was carried out in the electronic databases Pubmed, MEDLINE and LILACS, by two independent researchers. In all databases, the search was performed using the Results: The search resulted in 270 studies, however, applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, eight articles were selected. Conclusion: We conclude that an adequate intake of Se must be indicated in order to maintain the brain function. In summary, the articles discussed in the presente study show a high relation of Se consumption and the improvement of cognitive performance, both in humans and in animals.

scholarly journals Altered Static and Dynamic Voxel-mirrored Homotopic Connectivity in Patients With Frontal Glioma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanjie Hu ◽  
Honglin Ge ◽  
Kun Yang ◽  
Dongming Liu ◽  
Yong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Middle Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Regional Function ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Regional Dysfunction ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain ◽  
With Memory

Abstract Contralateral regions play critical role in functional compensation in glioma patients. Voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) characterizes the internal functional connectivity of the brain, which is considered to have a regional functional basis. This study aims to investigate the alterations of brain regional function and VMHC in patients with frontal glioma, and further investigate physiological significance of these alterations. We enrolled 22 patients with frontal glioma and 22 demography matched healthy controls (HC). We determined degree centrality (DC), regional homogeneity (ReHo), and VMHC to investigate the alterations of regional function and internal functional connectivity in patients. Furthermore, partial correlation analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between these indicators and cognitive functions.Compared with HC, patients showed decrease in static VMHC, DC, ReHo and dynamic ReHo (dReHo) within right middle frontal gyrus (MFG.R), left middle frontal gyrus (MFG.L), right precuneus(PCUN.R), left precuneus(PCUN.L), left limbic lobe (LIMB.L), right superior frontal gyrus (SFG.R), right postcentral gyrus (POCG.R), right inferior parietal lobule (IPL.R), but increase in dynamic VMHC (dVMHC) within PCUN.R and PCUN.L. Meanwhile, MFG.R with decreased VMHC, LIMB.L with decreased DC, LIMB.L with decreased ReHo, and PCUN.R with increased dVMHC were significantly positively correlated with cognitive function, but the SFG.R with decreased DC was significantly negatively correlated with memory. This study preliminarily confirmed glioma not only cause regional dysfunction, but also disturb long-distance functional connectivity, and the long-distance functional connectivity showed strong instability in patients with frontal glioma. Meanwhile, the altered functional indicators may compensate cognitive function in patients with frontal glioma.

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