Are Honor Killings Unique? A Comparison of Honor Killings, Domestic Violence Homicides, and Hate Homicides by Far-Right Extremists

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany E. Hayes ◽  
Colleen E. Mills ◽  
Joshua D. Freilich ◽  
Steven M. Chermak
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Open Source ◽  
The United States ◽  
Far Right ◽  
Honor Killings ◽  
History Of ◽  
Domestic Violence History

This study compared honor killings, domestic violence homicides, and hate homicides committed by far-right extremists. Prior research has suggested that terrorists may differ from “regular” offenders whereas others suggest similarities. Data from the Extremist Crime Database were used to compare honor killings committed in the United States since 1990 to domestic violence and hate homicides ( N = 48). Open-source documents were closed coded for criminal justice involvement, domestic violence history, motivation, and offenders’ mental illness. Honor killings were more likely to have a history of domestic violence in open sources than hate homicides, suggesting these three homicides may be more similar than different.

Judges, Juries, and the History of Criminal Appeals

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 297-302
Author(s):  
Benjamin L. Berger
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Legal History ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early History ◽  
Criminal Justice Systems ◽  
History Of

The three articles offered in this forum on the early history of criminal appeals do us the great service of adding much of interest on this important but neglected issue in the development of Anglo–North American criminal procedure. The opaqueness of the legal history of criminal appeals stands in stark contrast to their centrality and apparent naturalness in contemporary criminal justice systems in England, Canada, and the United States. These three papers look at the period leading up to and immediately following the creation of the first formalized system of what we might call criminal appeals, the establishment of the Court of Crown Cases Reserved (CCCR) in 1848. This key period in the development of the adversary criminal trial was marked by both a concerted political effort to codify and rationalize the criminal law and by profound structural changes in the management of criminal justice.

Murder, Honor, and Culture

2019 ◽  
pp. 25-52
Author(s):  
Juliane Hammer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Domestic Violence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Media Production ◽  
American Muslims ◽  
Honor Killings ◽  
Muslim Communities

This chapter analyzes debates about Muslims and domestic violence in mainstream U.S. media outlets and other publications. It traces the attempts at self-representation by Muslims and at taking control of the narratives that surround reporting on domestic violence (DV) incidents in Muslim communities. Central to discussions of Muslims and DV are the othering of Muslim communities through insisting on honor and honor killings as the only available frame and the simultaneous construction of Muslims as foreign to the United States through notions of culture that can include racialization as well as religious othering. The chapter then explores the connection between political goals and media production as they intersect with the lives of American Muslims and with the work of Muslim advocates against domestic violence. It also looks at a particular domestic violence murder in 2009, that of Aasiya Zubair, and its aftermath.

A brief history of the criminalization of mental illness

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 638-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel A. Dvoskin ◽  
James L. Knoll ◽  
Mollie Silva
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Community Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Serious Mental Illnesses

This article traces the history of the way in which mental disorders were viewed and treated, from before the birth of Christ to the present day. Special attention is paid to the process of deinstitutionalization in the United States and the failure to create an adequately robust community mental health system to care for the people who, in a previous era, might have experienced lifelong hospitalization. As a result, far too many people with serious mental illnesses are living in jails and prisons that are ill-suited and unprepared to meet their needs.

How Exceptional Is the History of Violence and Criminal Justice in the United States? Variation across Time and Space as the Keys to Understanding Homicide and Punitiveness

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randolph Roth
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
American Exceptionalism ◽  
The United States ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Complex Issue ◽  
Long Span ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Violence ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter contends that American exceptionalism is a far more complex issue than it initially appears. Which nations are exceptional? When, and in what ways? Once the question of exceptionalism is asked over a long span of time, its answer is almost always fluid and complicated. Hence, the chapter turns to comparative historical research in isolating the most important causes of incidents like homicide and punitive penal policies, by showing that those causes recur again and again in the presence of certain phenomena. It asserts that history shows that the relationship between crime and punitiveness is far from simple.

The Limitations of Government Databases for Analyzing Fatal Officer-Involved Shootings in the United States

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard E. Williams ◽  
Scott W. Bowman ◽  
Jordan Taylor Jung
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Open Source ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Mandatory Reporting ◽  
History Of ◽  
Government Data ◽  
The Government ◽  
Reporting Programs

Federal government databases recording officer-involved shooting fatalities are incomplete and unreliable. Voluntary reporting to the Supplementary Homicide Report (SHR), the National Vital Statistics System (NVSS), and the Arrest-Related Death Program (ARDP) are subject to underreporting and classification errors. The same shortcomings apply to statewide reporting in California and Texas, the only states with mandatory reporting requirements. Content analysis of open source records identified officer-involved shooting fatalities that occurred in the United States from January 1, 2006, through December 31, 2015. Those data were compared with data from the government databases. Analysis revealed 7,869 officer-involved shooting fatalities, an average increase of 51.8 incidents per year. Fatalities increased from 594 in 2006 to 1,007 in 2015—an increase of 69.5% in 10 years. Government data sources reported a low of 46.0% of incidents to a high of 75.3%, depending on the reporting year. Open source research reveals 30% to 45% more cases than official federal or state databases and can reveal much more data about other critical questions. The history of federal program efforts suggests it is unlikely that government recording of data on officer-involved shooting fatalities will improve. Government reporting programs have produced decreasingly effective results. Current web-based data collection efforts suffer from many of the same limitations exhibited in the federal programs. One promising option for improved data collection includes funding an independent party, such as a university, to collect data from open sources and supplement that data with public records requests and the currently collected official government data.

From inclusionary to exclusionary populism in the transformation of US community development

2020 ◽  
pp. 127-148
Author(s):  
Randy Stoecker ◽  
Benny Witkovsky
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Community Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Far Right ◽  
Community Power ◽  
Community Model ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Milieu

This chapter addresses the transformation of community development in the United States. The post-World War II history of community development in the United States can be defined by a transition from a power-based model emphasising participatory and redistributive community power building, to a neoliberal model emphasising physical rehabilitation and business development. Neoliberal community development, however much it was consciously planned and engineered by economic and political elites, required a specific political milieu to take root and grow. In particular, it required a voting base that would support candidates promoting far-right, anti-democratic, anti-worker, and baldly racist policies. This political base — rural, white, and male — ends up voting to dismantle the community structures designed to empower them in the hope of some benefit from powerful leaders. This is the exact opposite of the community model that organises people to define and pursue their collective self-interest towards an expanded democracy. How can we understand such behaviour? We can start by thinking about it as a result of the Janus-faced nature of populism that allows it to be either (or both) inclusionary and exclusionary.

The Chemical Imbalance Hypothesis: An Evaluation of the Evidence

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Schultz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Popular Culture ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Antidepressant Medication ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chemical Imbalance

Powered by philosophic argument, scientific evidence, and multibillion dollar pharmaceutical companies sponsoring multimillion dollar advertising campaigns, the chemical imbalance hypothesis has saturated our academic and popular culture. This saturation is, at least partially, responsible for the more than 10 billion dollars annually spent on antidepressant medication in the United States. But what is the “chemical imbalance” hypothesis? And what evidence supports it? This article will provide an account of the chemical imbalance hypothesis, a history of its development, and the evidence provided for its justification. This article will show that the evidence for the chemical imbalance hypothesis is unconvincing. It will discuss why, despite the unconvincing evidence, the hypothesis lingers. And, finally, it will suggest an alternative approach to mental illness that avoids some of the pitfalls of a biological reductionistic account of mind.

Crime, Justice, and Anglo-American Comics

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Giddens
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Juvenile Delinquency ◽  
Free Speech ◽  
Social Values ◽  
The United States ◽  
Critical Engagement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
Dominant Narratives

Criminal justice is a perennial theme in modern comics published in the United States and United Kingdom, with dominant narratives revolving around the protection of the innocent from crime and harm or the seeking of justice outside the authority of the state. The history of the comics medium and its regulation in the mid-20th century, particularly in the United States, shows how the comics medium itself—not just its popular content—was embroiled in questions of criminality, in relation to its perceived obscenity and fears that it caused juvenile delinquency. Indeed, the medium’s regulation shaped the way it has been able to engage with questions of crime and justice; the limitations on moral complexity under the censorship of the 1954 Comics Code in the United States, for example, arguably led to both a dearth of critical engagement in crime and justice concerns, and an increased evil or psychopathy in criminal characters (because more nuanced motivations could not be depicted under the Code). From the 1980s onwards, the restrictions of the Code abated, and a broad “maturation” of the form can be seen, with a concurrent increase in critical engagement with criminological questions. The main themes of comics research around crime and comics after the 1980s include questions of vigilantism and retribution, seen as the dominant concern in mainstream comics. But other leading questions go beyond these issues and explore comics’ engagement with the politics of crime and justice, highlighting the medium’s capacity to question the nature of justice and the legitimate exercise of state power. Moreover, stepping back and considering the general relationship between comics and criminology, comics can be seen as important cultural forms of expression of moral and social values, as well as potentially alternative orders of knowledge that can challenge mainstream criminology. From free speech, juvenile delinquency, and vigilantism, to politics, culture, and disciplinary knowledge, there are significant interactions between comics and criminology on a variety of levels.

Response to the Victims of Domestic Violence: Analysis and Implications of the British Experience

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane C. Dwyer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Feminist Movement ◽  
Stranger Violence

This article examines the problem of domestic violence in Great Britain. Two characteristics set Great Britain apart from the United States: it has a much stronger feminist movement, and a much lower level of stranger-to-stranger violence. The lower amount of violence in the culture and the stronger feminist movement may have changed the public's willingness to engage in domestic violence and may have made the British criminal justice system more progressive in its response. Through a review of the literature and observation of the system, this study highlights the prevalence of domestic violence and the role of the British criminal justice system in processing domestic violence cases. It finds that the prevalence rate of domestic violence is quite similar to the United States, and the British system has been less progressive in its response. Explanations that point to the level of violence in a culture and the feminist movement receive little support in this analysis.

History of the American Association for Correctional Psychology

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curt R. Bartol ◽  
Naomi J. Freeman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
American Association ◽  
The United States ◽  
Scholarly Journal ◽  
Correctional Psychology ◽  
Entire List ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Behavior

The history of the American Association for Correctional Psychology (AACP) is traced from 1954 to the present. The article offers some insights into the beginnings and development of correctional psychology in the United States, including those individuals most influential in that development. The history of AACP publications is also outlined, including the newsletter Correctional Psychologist and the scholarly journal Criminal Justice and Behavior. An entire list of AACP presidents is provided.

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