Antibody response to feline herpesvirus-1 vaccination in healthy adult cats

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-338
Author(s):  
Michèle Bergmann ◽  
Stephanie Speck ◽  
Anna Rieger ◽  
Uwe Truyen ◽  
Katrin Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Neutralising Antibodies ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Feline Herpesvirus ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Adult Cats ◽  
Privately Owned

Objectives Vaccination against feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1) is recommended for all cats. However, it is unknown how adult healthy cats with different pre-vaccination antibodies respond to FHV-1 vaccination in the field. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of neutralising antibodies against FHV-1 in healthy adult cats and the response to FHV-1 vaccination within 28 days of vaccination. Methods One hundred and ten cats (⩾1 year of age) that had not received a vaccination within the past 12 months were vaccinated with a combined FHV-1 vaccine. Antibodies against FHV-1 were determined before vaccination (day 0), on day 7 and day 28 by serum neutralisation test. Uni- and multivariate statistical analyses were used to determine factors associated with the presence of pre-vaccination antibodies and response to vaccination. Results Pre-vaccination neutralising antibody titres (⩾10) were present in 40.9% of cats (45/110; 95% confidence interval [CI] 32.2–50.3); titres were generally low (range 10–640). Antibody response to vaccination (⩾four-fold titre increase) was observed in 8.3% (9/109; 95% CI 4.2–15.1). Cats ⩾2 years of age were more likely to have pre-vaccination neutralising antibodies than cats aged between 1 and 2 years (odds ratio [OR] 24.619; P = 0.005). Cats from breeders were more likely to have pre-vaccination neutralising antibodies than privately owned cats (OR 7.070; P = 0.007). Domestic shorthair cats were more likely to have an at least four-fold titre increase vs purebred cats (OR 11.22; P = 0.027). Conclusions and relevance Many cats have no detectable neutralising antibodies against FHV-1 despite previous vaccinations and fail to develop a ⩾four-fold titre increase after vaccination. This is likely because older cats and cats with a higher FHV-1 exposure risk are more likely to get infected with FHV-1 and thus to have FHV-1 neutralizing antibodies. Purebred cats more often fail to develop a ⩾four-fold titre increase after vaccination.

scholarly journals Antibody response to feline panleukopenia virus vaccination in healthy adult cats

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1087-1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michèle Bergmann ◽  
Stephanie Schwertler ◽  
Sven Reese ◽  
Stephanie Speck ◽  
Uwe Truyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Feline Panleukopenia Virus ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Adequate Response ◽  
Feline Herpesvirus ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Adult Cats

Objectives According to prior studies, between 25.0% and 92.8% of adult cats have antibodies against feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) and thus are likely protected against FPV infection. It is, however, unknown how healthy adult cats with different antibody titres react to FPV vaccination in the field. Therefore, the aim of the study was to measure antibody titres in healthy adult cats within a period of 28 days after vaccination against FPV and to evaluate factors that are associated with a lack of adequate response to vaccination. Methods One hundred and twelve healthy adult cats were vaccinated with a vaccine against FPV, feline herpesvirus and feline calicivirus. Antibodies against FPV were determined before vaccination (day 0), on day 7 and day 28 after vaccination by haemagglutination inhibition (HI). A HI titre ⩾1:40 was defined as protective. An adequate response to vaccination was defined as a four-fold titre increase. Uni- and multivariate statistical analysis was used to determine factors associated with an adequate response. Results Pre-vaccination antibody titres of ⩾1:40 were present in 64.3% (72/112; 95% confidence interval [CI] 55.1–72.6). Only 47.3% (53/112; 95% CI 37.8–57.0) of cats had an adequate response to vaccination. Factors associated with an adequate response to vaccination were lack of previous vaccination (odds ratio [OR] 15.58; 95% CI 1.4–179.1; P = 0.035), lack of antibodies (⩾1:40) prior to vaccination (OR 23.10; 95% CI 5.4–98.8; P <0.001) and breed (domestic shorthair cats; OR 7.40; 95% CI 1.4–38.4; P = 0.017). Conclusions and relevance As none of the cats with high pre-vaccination antibody titres (⩾1:160) had an at least four-fold increase in FPV antibody titres, measurement of antibodies rather than regular revaccinations should be performed. Thus, evaluation of FPV antibody titre in cats with previous vaccinations against FPV are recommended prior to revaccination.

scholarly journals Antibody response in non-haemorrhagic smallpox patients

1969 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Downie ◽  
L. St Vincent ◽  
L. Goldstein ◽  
A. R. Rao ◽  
C. H. Kempe
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
World Health ◽  
Agar Gel ◽  
Retrospective Diagnosis ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Special Value ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Exact Correlation

SUMMARYTwo hundred and sixteen sera from 151 patients suffering from smallpox (non-haemorrhagic) were examined for antibody by precipitation in agar gel, by haemagglutinin inhibition (HI), complement fixation (CF) and neutralization tests. Most of the patients were adults and the majority had been vaccinated earlier in life. HI and neutralizing antibodies showed rising titres from the 6th day of illness while the majority showed precipitins and CF antibodies from the 8th day. The results of the precipitation-in-agar-gel tests are in marked contrast to the findings in healthy vaccinated and revaccinated individuals, none of whose sera gave a positive result for antibody by this technique. In unvaccinated patients the antibody response was frequently delayed and the titres lower than those attained by the previously vaccinated patients. There was no exact correlation in antibody titres obtained by the four methods of measurement, HI antibody, in particular, reaching in some cases relatively high titres when other tests showed low titres. It is suggested that with the methods and materials used, a positive precipitation test in agar gel, a CF titre of 1/20 or more and an HI titre of 1/80 or higher in a single specimen of serum would be suggestive of recent smallpox infections. Such a result might be of special value in the retrospective diagnosis of missed cases and in the detection of minimal or subclinical infections.This investigation was supported in part by Public Health Service Grant AI–1632–16 VR from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, by the World Health Organization and by the Marcus T. Reynolds III Fund.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Neutralising Antibodies to HCoV-NL63 in Healthy Adults in Australia

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1618
Author(s):  
Sean A. Lynch ◽  
Kanta Subbarao ◽  
Siddhartha Mahanty ◽  
Bridget E. Barber ◽  
Eileen V. Roulis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Neutralising Antibodies ◽  
Human Coronavirus ◽  
Geometric Mean Titre ◽  
Antibody Titres

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of understanding the immune response to seasonal human coronavirus (HCoV) infections such as HCoV-NL63, how existing neutralising antibodies to HCoV may modulate responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the utility of seasonal HCoV as human challenge models. Therefore, in this study we quantified HCoV-NL63 neutralising antibody titres in a healthy adult population using plasma from 100 blood donors in Australia. A microneutralisation assay was performed with plasma diluted from 1:10 to 1:160 and tested with the HCoV-NL63 Amsterdam-1 strain. Neutralising antibodies were detected in 71% of the plasma samples, with a median geometric mean titre of 14. This titre was similar to those reported in convalescent sera taken from individuals 3–7 months following asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, and 2–3 years post-infection from symptomatic SARS-CoV-1 patients. HCoV-NL63 neutralising antibody titres decreased with increasing age (R2 = 0.042, p = 0.038), but did not differ by sex. Overall, this study demonstrates that neutralising antibody to HCoV-NL63 is detectable in approximately 71% of the healthy adult population of Australia. Similar titres did not impede the use of another seasonal human coronavirus (HCoV-229E) in a human challenge model, thus, HCoV-NL63 may be useful as a human challenge model for more pathogenic coronaviruses.

The domestic cat antibody response to feline herpesvirus-1 increases with age

2017 ◽  
Vol 188 ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Munks ◽  
Alana M. Montoya ◽  
Cameron M. Pywell ◽  
Garrick Talmage ◽  
Anna Forssen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Feline Herpesvirus ◽  
Herpesvirus 1

scholarly journals Effects of dietary nucleotides and cationic peptides on vaccination response in cats

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
B Vojtek ◽  
J Mojzisova ◽  
L Kulichova ◽  
P Smrco ◽  
M Drazovska
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Feline Calicivirus ◽  
Cationic Peptides ◽  
Feline Panleukopenia Virus ◽  
Dietary Nucleotides ◽  
Feline Herpesvirus ◽  
Group A ◽  
Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Positive Effect

Modulation of the immune system through nutrition is the aim of many studies. As the induction of a rapid onset of immunity in cats is often critical, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of orally administered dietary nucleotides and cationic peptides, on the vaccination response in cats. The cats were allocated to two groups: Group A (n = 8) was fed a diet with dietary nucleotides and cationic peptides for ninety-two days, and Group C (n = 8) was fed a diet without the nucleotides and cationic peptides. The cats were vaccinated against feline herpesvirus 1 (FHV-1), feline calicivirus (FCV) and feline panleukopenia virus (FPV). The proliferation activity of lymphocytes and antibody response after vaccination were evaluated using ELISA kits. Comparing the two groups, a significant increase in the proliferation activity of the lymphocytes (P &lt; 0.01) was observed in Group A, as well as a significant increase in the antibody titres after vaccination against feline herpesvirus (P &lt; 0.05; P &lt; 0.001), feline calicivirus (P &lt; 0.01; P &lt; 0.001) and feline panleukopenia virus (P &lt; 0.01; P &lt; 0.001). Protective levels of the antibodies were reached significantly earlier in Group A than in Group C. In conclusion, dietary nucleotides and cationic peptides have a positive effect on the lymphocyte proliferation and antibody production after vaccination against FHV-1, FCV and FPV in cats. Therefore, we assume that they can be used as a suitable immunostimulatory substance in feline practice.

Plasma homocysteine concentration in privately owned healthy adult cats: assessment of biological determinants and establishment of a reference interval

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 623-630
Author(s):  
Amandine Drut ◽  
Nicolas Soetart ◽  
Carole Bertin ◽  
Emmanuelle Le Corff ◽  
Caroline Berder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Examination ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Reference Interval ◽  
Plasma Homocysteine ◽  
Homocysteine Concentration ◽  
Plasma Homocysteine Concentration ◽  
Biological Determinants ◽  
Adult Cats ◽  
Privately Owned

Objectives The assessment of homocysteine status in diseased cats has indicated high plasma concentrations in chronic kidney disease and yielded conflicting results with respect to cardiovascular disorders. Previous investigations in small populations of normal cats revealed greater-than-expected variability in plasma homocysteine concentration. The purpose of this study was to determine biological determinants and the reference interval (RI) of plasma homocysteine concentration in the feline species, under strict pre-analytical conditions. Methods In this prospective observational study, privately owned healthy adult cats underwent a complete physical examination, urinalysis and blood testing, in order to rule out any signs of disease. Plasma homocysteine concentration was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Results Of 151 cats recruited, 30 cats were not included owing to abnormal physical examination or fractious behaviour, and 30 cats were excluded based on abnormalities on blood work or urinalysis. Plasma homocysteine concentrations >28 µmol/l were associated with a dietary protein content >9.3 g/100 kcal metabolisable energy. The RI for plasma homocysteine concentration was determined to be 6.2–52.3 µmol/l. Conclusions and relevance Normal values for plasma homocysteine concentration in cats have a wide RI, suggesting high inter-individual variability. Whether some healthy cats exhibit impaired homocysteine metabolism remains to be elucidated.

scholarly journals Antibody Response to Feline Calicivirus Vaccination in Healthy Adult Cats

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bergmann ◽  
Speck ◽  
Rieger ◽  
Truyen ◽  
Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Feline Calicivirus ◽  
Vaccine Response ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Elisa Titer ◽  
Adult Cats

This study evaluated the prevalence of feline calicivirus (FCV) antibodies and response to vaccination in healthy adult cats. Cats >1 year (n = 111) that had not been vaccinated within 12 months of enrollment in the study received a vaccine containing inactivated FCV antigen strains 431 and G1. Antibodies were determined on Days 0, 7, and 28 by virus neutralization (VN) using FCV isolate KS20, and by broad spectrum blocking FCV enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Factors associated with the presence of antibodies and vaccine response were determined by uni- and multivariate analysis. Pre-vaccination antibodies were detected in 62.2% of cats (CI95%: 52.9–70.1) by VN and in 77.2% (CI95%: 67.5–84.6) by ELISA. A ≥4-fold titer increase after vaccination was observed in 13.6% (CI95%: 8.3–21.4) of cats with VN and 33.7% (CI95%: 24.5–44.5) with ELISA. Factors associated with the presence of pre-vaccination VN antibodies were age (≥2 years; OR: 7.091; p = 0.022) and lack of previous vaccination (OR: 3.472; p = 0.014). The presence of pre-vaccination ELISA antibodies was associated with time since last vaccination (OR: 5.672; p = 0.043). Outdoor cats were more likely to have a ≥4-fold ELISA titer increase (OR: 5.556; p = 0.005). Many cats had pre-vaccination FCV antibodies, and their presence depended on previous vaccinations and increases with age. A ≥4-fold titer increase was rarely observed and was influenced by the lifestyle of the cat.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Neutralizing Antibodies to Canine Distemper Virus and Response to Vaccination in Client-Owned Adult Healthy Dogs

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 945
Author(s):  
Michèle Bergmann ◽  
Monika Freisl ◽  
Yury Zablotski ◽  
Md Anik Ashfaq Khan ◽  
Stephanie Speck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Vaccination Response ◽  
Healthy Dogs

Re-vaccinations against canine distemper virus (CDV) are commonly performed in 3-year intervals. The study’s aims were to determine anti-CDV antibodies in healthy adult dogs within 28 days of vaccination against CDV, and to evaluate factors associated with the presence of pre-vaccination antibodies and with the antibody response to vaccination. Ninety-seven dogs, not vaccinated within 1 year before enrollment, were vaccinated with a modified live CDV vaccine. A measurement of the antibodies was performed before vaccination (day 0), on day 7, and 28 after the vaccination by virus neutralization. A response to vaccination was defined as a ≥4-fold titer increase by day 28. Fisher´s exact test was used to determine factors associated with a lack of antibodies and vaccination response. In total, 94.8% of the dogs (92/97; CI 95%: 88.2–98.1) had antibodies (≥10) prior to vaccination. A response to vaccination was not observed in any dog. Five dogs were considered humoral non-responders; these dogs neither had detectable antibodies before, nor developed antibodies after vaccination. Young age (<2 years) was significantly associated with a lack of pre-vaccination antibodies (p = 0.018; OR: 26.825; 95% CI: 1.216–1763.417). In conclusion, necessity of re-vaccination in adult healthy dogs should be debated and regular vaccinations should be replaced by antibody detection.

scholarly journals Neutralizing Antibodies to Bovine Herpesvirus 1 in Reindeer

1982 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-569
Author(s):  
C. Ek-Kommonen ◽  
P. Veijalainen ◽  
M. Rantala ◽  
E. Neuvonen
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Herpesvirus 1
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