scholarly journals Bile Acids and Microbiome Among Individuals With Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Healthy Volunteers

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74
Author(s):  
Kendra J. Kamp ◽  
Kevin C. Cain ◽  
Angelita Utleg ◽  
Robert L. Burr ◽  
Daniel Raftery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorder ◽  
Mucosal Inflammation ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Pain Symptoms ◽  
16 S Rrna

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder. High bile acid (BA) profiles have been associated with abdominal pain symptoms, mucosal inflammation, and diarrhea in a subgroup of those with IBS. The purpose of this study was to compare: 1) fecal primary and secondary BAs in women with and without IBS; and 2) symptoms, gut microbiome, and diet between women with high and normal BAs (i.e., similar to healthy [HC] women). Women (ages 18–45) with IBS and HCs were recruited from healthcare providers or the community. Participants kept a 28-day symptom diary, completed a 3-day food journal, and collected a stool sample for microbiome analysis (16 S rRNA gene sequencing). Primary and secondary BA levels were determined by mass spectrometry. Primary BAs did not differ between IBS (n = 45) and HC (n = 28) groups; women with IBS had significantly increased conjugated secondary BAs (glycodeoxycholic acid [ p = 0.006], taurodeoxycholic acid [ p = 0.006], and glycolithocholic acid [ p = 0.01]). Sixty percent of women with IBS had normal BAs whereas 40% had high BAs. Women with high fecal BAs were predominantly IBS-Diarrhea or IBS-Mixed and consumed less fiber and vegetable protein and more animal protein compared to women with IBS whose fecal BAs levels were comparable to HCs. Those with high conjugated secondary fecal BAs also had a greater Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, less abundance of phylum Bacteroidetes and genus Gemmiger, and more abundance of family Erysipelotrichaceae compared to IBS women with normal BAs. Determination of fecal BA levels provides additional insights into pathophysiological links between diet and microbiome in IBS.

scholarly journals Irritable Bowel Syndrome Subtypes: New Names for Old Medical Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (Suppl. 2) ◽  
pp. 122-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Grad  ◽  
Dan L. Dumitrascu
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorder ◽  
Rome Criteria ◽  
Conceptual Changes ◽  
Diagnosis And Classification ◽  
Criteria For Diagnosis ◽  
Irritable Bowel

The irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder (FGID), also called disorders of the gut-brain interaction (DGBI). Over the years, the definition and classification of IBS suffered several conceptual changes. The work of the Rome Committees has largely contributed to the progress in knowledge and awareness of IBS. This paper is an overview of the evolution of diagnosis and classification criteria of IBS. Background: The majority of the complaints causing presentation to the general gastroenterological centers are represented by FGID. IBS is the most frequent among them. IBS is not a uniform condition but includes an array of particular forms called subtypes. Criteria for the identification of the IBS subtypes have suffered several changes in parallel with the accumulation of scientific evidence about this disorder. Classification of IBS subtypes relies on symptoms. Summary: This is a review of the evolution of the criteria for diagnosis and classification of IBS subtypes. Starting with older names given to IBS, some changes in definition and diagnosis have been operated by each edition of the Rome criteria. These changes have led to the better identification of patients with IBS. The management of IBS depends on subtypes and should be individualized. Key Messages: IBS is the main FGID, called also DGBI. It is not a homogenous disorder but a generic name for an array of subtypes with common features but with clinical differences. The diagnosis and classification of IBS subtypes have evolved in time, in accordance with the progress of the knowledge on pathogenesis. It is important for healthcare providers to recognize the subtypes and to use a common nomenclature (that offered by the Rome Committees work).

scholarly journals No distinct microbiome signature of irritable bowel syndrome found in a Swedish random population

Gut ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 1076-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa W Hugerth ◽  
Anna Andreasson ◽  
Nicholas J Talley ◽  
Anna M Forsberg ◽  
Lars Kjellström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
Faecal Microbiome

ObjectiveThe ethiopathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is unknown. While a link to the gut microbiome is postulated, the heterogeneity of the healthy gut makes it difficult to draw definitive conclusions. We aimed to describe the faecal and mucosa-associated microbiome (MAM) and health correlates on a community cohort of healthy and IBS individuals with no colonoscopic findings.DesignThe PopCol study recruited a random sample of 3556 adults; 745 underwent colonoscopy. IBS was defined by Rome IV criteria and organic disease excluded. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was conducted on sigmoid biopsy samples from 376 representative individuals (63 IBS cases) and faecal samples from 185 individuals (32 IBS cases).ResultsWhile sigmoid MAM was dominated by Lachnospiraceae, faeces presented a higher relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae. Microbial richness in MAM was linearly correlated to that in faeces from the same individual (R²=0.255, p<3E-11) as was diversity (R²=0.06, p=0.0022). MAM diversity decreased with increasing body mass index (BMI; Pearson’s r=−0.1, p=0.08) and poorer self-rated health (r=−0.15, p=0.007), but no other health correlates. Faecal microbiome diversity was correlated to stool consistency (r=−0.16, p=0.043). Several taxonomic groups were correlated to age, BMI, depression and self-reported health, including Coprococcus catus associated with lower levels of depression (r=−0.003, p=0.00017). The degree of heterogeneity observed between IBS patients is higher than that observed between healthy individuals.ConclusionsNo distinct microbial signature was observed in IBS. Individuals presenting with low self-rated health or high BMI have lower gut microbiome richness.

scholarly journals Leveraging 16S rRNA Microbiome Sequencing Data to Identify Bacterial Signatures for Irritable Bowel Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxia Liu ◽  
Wenhui Li ◽  
Hongxia Yang ◽  
Xiaoying Zhang ◽  
Wenxiu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorder ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain or discomfort. Previous studies have illustrated that the gut microbiota might play a critical role in IBS, but the conclusions of these studies, based on various methods, were almost impossible to compare, and reproducible microorganism signatures were still in question. To cope with this problem, previously published 16S rRNA gene sequencing data from 439 fecal samples, including 253 IBS samples and 186 control samples, were collected and processed with a uniform bioinformatic pipeline. Although we found no significant differences in community structures between IBS and healthy controls at the amplicon sequence variants (ASV) level, machine learning (ML) approaches enabled us to discriminate IBS from healthy controls at genus level. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis was subsequently used to seek out 97 biomarkers across all studies. Then, we quantified the standardized mean difference (SMDs) for all significant genera identified by LEfSe and ML approaches. Pooled results showed that the SMDs of nine genera had statistical significance, in which the abundance of Lachnoclostridium, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Prevotella 9, and Clostridium sensu stricto 1 in IBS were higher, while the dominant abundance genera of healthy controls were Ruminococcaceae UCG-005, Holdemanella, Coprococcus 2, and Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group. In summary, based on six published studies, this study identified nine new microbiome biomarkers of IBS, which might be a basis for understanding the key gut microbes associated with IBS, and could be used as potential targets for microbiome-based diagnostics and therapeutics.

scholarly journals A novel stepwise integrative analysis pipeline reveals distinct microbiota-host interactions and link to symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annikka Polster ◽  
Lena Öhman ◽  
Julien Tap ◽  
Muriel Derrien ◽  
Boris Le Nevé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Complex Variable ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Integrative Analysis ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Analysis Pipeline ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Host Genes

AbstractAlthough incompletely understood, microbiota-host interactions are assumed to be altered in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We, therefore, aimed to develop a novel analysis pipeline tailored for the integrative analysis of microbiota-host interactions and association to symptoms and prove its utility in a pilot cohort. A multilayer stepwise integrative analysis pipeline was developed to visualize complex variable associations. Application of the pipeline was demonstrated on a dataset of IBS patients and healthy controls (HC), using the R software package to analyze colonic host mRNA and mucosal microbiota (16S rRNA gene sequencing), as well as gastrointestinal (GI) and psychological symptoms. In total, 42 IBS patients (57% female, mean age 33.6 (range 18–58)) and 20 HC (60% female, mean age 26.8 (range 23–41)) were included. Only in IBS patients, mRNA expression of Toll-like receptor 4 and genes associated with barrier function (PAR2, OCLN, TJP1) intercorrelated closely, suggesting potential functional relationships. This host genes-based “permeability cluster” was associated to mucosa-adjacent Chlamydiae and Lentisphaerae, and furthermore associated to satiety as well as to anxiety, depression and fatigue. In both IBS patients and HC, chromogranins, secretogranins and TLRs clustered together. In IBS patients, this host genes-based “immune-enteroendocrine cluster” was associated to specific members of Firmicutes, and to depression and fatigue, whereas in HC no significant association to microbiota was identified. We have developed a stepwise integrative analysis pipeline that allowed identification of unique host-microbiota intercorrelation patterns and association to symptoms in IBS patients. This analysis pipeline may aid in advancing the understanding of complex variable associations in health and disease.

scholarly journals Temporal association between human upper respiratory and gut bacterial microbiomes during the course of COVID-19 in adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Xu ◽  
Renfei Lu ◽  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Qunfu Wu ◽  
Weihua Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Temporal Association ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Type I ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Community Types ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
16 S Rrna

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 is the cause of COVID-19. It infects multiple organs including the respiratory tract and gut. Dynamic changes of regional microbiomes in infected adults are largely unknown. Here, we performed longitudinal analyses of throat and anal swabs from 35 COVID-19 and 19 healthy adult controls, as well as 10 non-COVID-19 patients with other diseases, by 16 S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed a partitioning of the patients into 3-4 categories based on microbial community types (I-IV) in both sites. The bacterial diversity was lower in COVID-19 patients than healthy controls and decreased gradually from community type I to III/IV. Although the dynamic change of microbiome was complex during COVID-19, a synchronous restoration of both the upper respiratory and gut microbiomes from early dysbiosis towards late more diverse status was observed in 6/8 mild COVID-19 adult patients. These findings reveal previously unknown interactions between upper respiratory and gut microbiomes during COVID-19.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Anti-Zein Antibodies: A Comparative Study between Celiac Disease and Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 649
Author(s):  
Luis Alberto Sánchez-Vargas ◽  
Karina Guadalupe Hernández-Flores ◽  
Francisco Javier Cabrera-Jorge ◽  
José María Remes-Troche ◽  
Job Reyes-Huerta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorder ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Disease Group ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Gliadin Peptides ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
First Time

Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic immune-mediated enteropathy triggered by exposure to dietary gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. In contrast, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder affecting the large intestine, without an autoimmune component. Here, we evaluated the prevalence of IgA and IgG antibodies to maize zeins (AZA) in patients with CD and IBS. Using an in-house ELISA assay, the IgA and IgG anti-zein antibodies in the serum of 37 newly diagnosed CD (16 biopsy proved and 21 serological diagnosis) and 375 IBS patients or 302 healthy control (HC) subjects were measured. Elevated levels of IgA AZA were found in CD patients compared with IBS patients (p < 0.01) and HC (p < 0.05). CD patients had the highest prevalence (35.1%), followed by IBS (4.3%) and HCs (2.3%) (p < 0.0001). IgG AZA antibodies were not found in any CD patients, IBS patients, or HC subjects. A significant positive correlation was found between IgA AZA with IgA anti-gliadin (AGA, r = 0.34, p < 0.01) and IgA anti-deaminated gliadin peptides (DGP, r = 0.42, p < 0.001) in the celiac disease group. Taken together, our results show for the first time a higher prevalence of AZA IgA antibodies in newly diagnosed CD patients than in IBS patients, confirming a biased immune response to other gliadin-related prolamins such as maize zeins in genetically susceptible individuals.

scholarly journals Diarrhea Predominant-Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS-D): Effects of Different Nutritional Patterns on Intestinal Dysbiosis and Symptoms

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1506
Author(s):  
Annamaria Altomare ◽  
Claudia Di Rosa ◽  
Elena Imperia ◽  
Sara Emerenziani ◽  
Michele Cicala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorder ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
Nutritional Advice ◽  
Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽  
Gi Symptoms ◽  
Mutualistic Relationship ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Fodmap Diet

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain associated with defecation or a change in bowel habits. Gut microbiota, which acts as a real organ with well-defined functions, is in a mutualistic relationship with the host, harvesting additional energy and nutrients from the diet and protecting the host from pathogens; specific alterations in its composition seem to play a crucial role in IBS pathophysiology. It is well known that diet can significantly modulate the intestinal microbiota profile but it is less known how different nutritional approach effective in IBS patients, such as the low-FODMAP diet, could be responsible of intestinal microbiota changes, thus influencing the presence of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. The aim of this review was to explore the effects of different nutritional protocols (e.g., traditional nutritional advice, low-FODMAP diet, gluten-free diet, etc.) on IBS-D symptoms and on intestinal microbiota variations in both IBS-D patients and healthy subjects. To date, an ideal nutritional protocol does not exist for IBS-D patients but it seems crucial to consider the effect of the different nutritional approaches on the intestinal microbiota composition to better define an efficient strategy to manage this functional disorder.

scholarly journals Genetic determination of irritable bowel syndrome

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (43) ◽  
pp. 6636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Hotoleanu ◽  
Radu Popp ◽  
Adrian Pavel Trifa ◽  
Laurentiu Nedelcu ◽  
Dan L Dumitrascu
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Genetic Determination ◽  
Irritable Bowel

scholarly journals Determination of important enzymes and antimicrobial resistances of gram-positive haloalkaliphilic bacteria isolated from Salda Lake

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-382
Author(s):  
Pınar Çağlayan
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Soda Lakes ◽  
Soda Lake ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Extreme Environment ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Haloalkaliphilic Bacteria ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

As an extreme environment, soda lakes harbor various haloalkaliphilic microorganisms. Salda Lake is one of the natural soda lake (pH˃9) in Turkey. Haloalkaliphiles are unique microorganisms in their ability to live in high alkaline and high saline conditions, and play an important role in biodegradation and bioremediation of hydrocarbons. Hence, the aims of this study were to isolate haloalkaliphilic bacteria from water sample of Salda Lake, to identify these isolates by both conventional and molecular methods, to screen their industrially important enzymes, and to investigate their antimicrobial resistance profiles. Six isolates were identified as Bacillus horneckiae, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus paramycoides, Bacillus pumilus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus haynesii according to 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. The industrially important enzymes (amylase, cellulase, pullulanase, lipase, urease, protease, caseinase, oxidase, catalase) were produced by haloalkaliphilic isolates. These enzymes maybe used in alkaline and saline industrial processes. Although Bacillus subtilis was susceptible to all antibiotics, other isolates showed resistance to at least one antibiotic. The resistance against antibiotics were found as ampicillin/sulbactam 83%, amoxycillin/clavulanic acid 83%, ampicillin 67%, mupirocin 67%, chloramphenicol 50%, tetracycline 50%, imipenem 50%, meropenem 50%, cefadroxil 17%. These bacteria may have develope resistance to antibiotics that entering their natural environment in different ways.

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