scholarly journals A glorious warrior in war: Cross-cultural evidence of honor culture, social rewards for warriors, and intergroup conflict

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 598-611
Author(s):  
Kengo Nawata
Keyword(s):  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Intergroup Conflict ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Honor Culture ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Intergroup Conflicts ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Social Rewards

Previous research has shown that honor culture and honor ideology enhance interpersonal and intergroup aggressiveness at the individual level. This study aimed to examine collective-level relationships among honor culture, social rewards for warriors, and intergroup conflict. To demonstrate these relationships, I used the Standard Cross-Cultural Sample, which contains data on 186 mainly preindustrial societies from all over the world. The analysis demonstrated that honor culture, which values males’ toughness and aggression, has a positive relationship with frequency of intergroup conflicts. In addition, social rewards (praise, prestige, and status) for warriors mediated the relationship between honor culture and frequency of intergroup conflict. These results imply that the collective-level processes of honor culture enhance intergroup conflicts through the social reputations of warriors who participate in war.

scholarly journals The Memory of the National and the National as Memory

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Poblete
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
Social Memory ◽  
Human Rights Abuses ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Centered Form ◽  
Derechos Humanos ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Individual

This essay seeks to illuminate a different, more encompassing kind of transition than that from dictatorship to post-dictatorship (and its attendant forms of memory of military brutal force and human rights abuses) often privileged by studies of political violence and social memory. The focus is twofold: first, to describe a transition from the world of the social to that of the post-social, i.e. a transition from a welfare state-centered form of the nation to its neoliberal competitive state counterpart; and secondly, to analyze its attendant memory dynamics. The double articulation of collective memory under neoliberalism, the deep and recurring violence it has involved at both the social and the individual level, and its self-articulation as a social memory apparatus are apparent in two Chilean films exploring the logic (Pablo Larraín’s Tony Manero) and the history (Patricio Guzmán’s Nostalgia de la luz) of the implementation of this neoliberal memory apparatus in Chile. Este trabajo intenta iluminar una transición más amplia que aquella entre dictadura y post-dictadura ( y sus correspondientes formas de memoria sobre la violencia militar o los abusos a los derechos humanos) que suele ser el objeto de estudio de los trabajos sobre violencia política y memoria social. Mi interés es doble: primero, describir una transición del mundo social al post-social (es decir, una transición desde una forma de estado-nación centrada en el estado de bienestar a su contraparte neoliberal y competitiva; y en segundo lugar, analizar sus correspondientes formas de memoria. La doble articulación de la memoria colectiva bajo el neoliberalismo, la profunda y recurrente violencia presente, tanto a nivel social como a nivel individual, y su autoarticulación como un aparato de la memoria social son evidentes en las dos películas chilenas Tony Manero de Pablo Larraín y Nostalgia de la luz de Patricio Guzmán que exploran la lógica y la historia de la implementación de este aparato de la memoria neoliberal en Chile.

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION AND SYMBOLIZATION IN ADOLESCENT DEPRESSION TODAY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Leão de Castro ◽  
◽  
Terezinha de Camargo Viana
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Depression ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Social Bond ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Qualitative Character ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
Culture Of Consumption ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

"This theoretical study, of a qualitative character, proposes to investigate what the relationship between identification and symbolization is in adolescent depression today. The importance of discussing the theme is as a direct result of the alarming observation that, as an illness of epidemic proportions, it does not refer to a natural illness, whose origin is restricted to the individual level, but mainly refers to structural determinations present in society. In this sense, this work addresses the problem of understanding which identification and symbolization processes are present in a culture that has transformed depression among adolescents into a social symptom. In order to develop this, it expresses the main determinations that are present at puberty, discussing the processes of primary and secondary narcissism, the nature of identifications, mechanisms of the capitalist culture of consumption and its relationship with the processes of subjectivation, reflecting on the possibilities and obstacles of the social bond to offer and / or allow symbolization of anxieties and humanizing psychical work."

scholarly journals Introducing the concepts and methods of humanism into education for ensuring quality sustainable development

2021 ◽  
Vol 277 ◽  
pp. 06008
Author(s):  
Mykola Popovych ◽  
Vasyl Levkulych ◽  
Yuriy Khodanych ◽  
Tereziia Popovych
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Public Education ◽  
Educational Philosophy ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Science Management ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Humanism as a principle for sustainable development of society, a model for the management of education and public education, is recognized as a fundamental principle by proponents of various schools of thought, social science, management and philosophy, and pedagogy. In their view, the philosophy of education and upbringing should clearly delineate the range of humanistic and moral values, define the social institutions designed to form an orientation towards these values, justify the relationship between the individual and the social qualities of the individual that could contribute to the “spirit of democracy” in society. However, addressing these important issues requires an exploration of morality identifying its nature, its functions in cognizing the world, and how it differs from other forms of cognition. According to the proponents of this socially-oriented direction of the management and educational philosophy, an important aim of education and upbringing is to develop the individual’s ability to reflect on moral topics; and this, they argue, is achieved mainly through the “language of morality” logic.

The social and personal functions of music in cross-cultural perspective

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Middle Ground ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Extant Literature ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Way

Music's uses and contexts are so many and so various that the task of cataloguing its functions is daunting: how can we make sense of this diversity? These functions appear to range from the individual (music can affect the way we feel and the way we manage our lives) to the social (it can facilitate the coordination of large numbers of people and help to forge a sense of group identity). This article argues that musical behaviour covers a vast middle ground in which relationships between self and other or between the individual and the collective are played out. It surveys some of the extant literature on music's functions – referring to literature from ethnomusicology, anthropology, musicology, psychology, and sociology, and discussing a wide variety of musical contexts from around the world – and develops an argument emphasizing music's role in the management of relationships between self and other.

scholarly journals Is Religion Always an Authoritarian Pursuit? Individual and Contextual Moderators of the Relationship Between Authoritarianism and Religiosity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Federico ◽  
Rafael Aguilera ◽  
Hui Bai
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Religious Involvement ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Contextual Variation ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Contextual Moderators

Social scientists have devoted much attention to explaining individual and contextual variation in religiosity. Among other things, research suggests that authoritarianism is reliably associated with greater religiosity, whereas education and human development are associated with less religiosity. In this study, we explore the possibility that the relationship between authoritarianism and various indices of religiosity may be stronger in the presence of greater educational attainment and living in a society with a higher level of human development, even though the latter two variables are often thought to reduce religiosity: Using two large cross-cultural datasets from the World Values Survey, we find evidence that authoritarianism is more strongly associated with religious involvement and practice among individuals at higher levels of education and individuals living in societies with higher level of human development. In doing so, we demonstrate that the connection between authoritarianism and religiosity is contingent on both individual-level and societal moderators.

Religious Loyalty and Acceptance of Corruption

2015 ◽  
Vol 235 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moamen Gouda ◽  
Sang-Min Park
Keyword(s):  
Threshold Value ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The World ◽  
Institutional Contexts ◽  
Specific Individual ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Summary This study investigates the relationship between religiously-induced internalized values of individuals and their specific attitudes regarding the acceptance of corruption. The dataset on which our study is based was collected by the World Values Survey from 141,326 individuals in 78 countries surveyed during a period of 13 years. We propose that individual attitudes towards corruption and religion are associated given certain societal and institutional contexts. Our results show that although there is a negative and statistically significant effect of religiosity on the acceptance of corruption on the individual level, this effect is small. We find that there is a threshold value of religiosity below which corruption is more easily accepted by individuals. Our interpretation for this result is simple: individuals with minimal religiosity are generally less constrained by religious norms; specifically, religious norms that are opposed to corruption are less binding on these individuals, resulting in them having a greater propensity to accept corruption. Religiosity, therefore, does lower the acceptance of corruption only when it exceeds a certain threshold for a specific individual.

scholarly journals Communication aspect of museum activities (experience and innovation of museums of florence)

2021 ◽  
pp. 175-183
Author(s):  
G. Sh. Fayzullina ◽  
E. I. Kubasheva
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Cultural Center ◽  
Direct Acquaintance ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Master's Thesis ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

The aim of the research presented in the article is to study the directions and mechanisms of action of museums in innovative practice. The modern museum as a cultural center is more focused on the individual, takes on the functions of organizing the leisure of citizens, responding to the social order, lifestyle. The study of the experience of museums in this context is focused on considering innovation at the local level - the museums of the city of Florence (center of Tuscany), which are a vivid example of the communicative model of the museum. This model of the museum is especially in demand today against the background of the problem of attracting (and retaining) visitors existing in museums around the world and in Kazakhstan. The study of valuable experience and innovative approaches in the communication activities of the best museums in the world can give impetus to the development of museums in Kazakhstan. The situation with the COVID–19 Pandemic has made its own adjustments in the relationship between visitors and museums. Both Florentine and Kazakhstani museums reacted to the situation with interesting projects. It is concluded that the introduction and development of information systems in museums in Italy made it possible to significantly optimize their work, and this, in turn, allowed them to reach a qualitatively new level of presentation of their services and collections. There are ample opportunities for the world museum community to access the Italian heritage.A great help in this study was the master's thesis by Irene di Pietro, which was written in the city of Bologna in 2017. An important source was the personal observations of E.I. Kubasheva in direct acquaintance with the museums of Florence. The research was carried out using narrative and historical-genetic methods.

scholarly journals Methods for Studying the Contextual Nature of Implicit Cognition

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hana Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Environmental Context ◽  
Implicit Cognition ◽  
Sociology Of Culture ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
Survey Experiments ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter begins with the contention that many key theoretical questions in the sociology of culture depend on our understanding of the interaction of culture at the individual level, and forms of culture that exist publicly, external to individuals. A central assumption of this argument is that processes of implicit cognition, an aspect of how culture is stored at the individual level, depend on the social, physical, and cultural environmental of an individual. The chapter reviews findings and methods from multiple fields that can inform the study of the relationship between individual level implicit cognition and environmental context. I examine this relationship both in terms of how context informs the acquisition and the activation of implicit cognition at the individual level. Drawing on studies of implicit cognition measures in real-world settings, and laboratory and survey experiments, I discuss how these methods can be used to examine outstanding questions in the sociology of culture.

scholarly journals The Social Network within a Management Recruiting Firm: Network Structure and Output

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Gandal ◽  
Charles King ◽  
Marshall Van Alstyne
Keyword(s):  
Network Structure ◽  
White Collar ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Information Flows ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Unique Data ◽  
The Social ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

To understand the relationship between information flows and white-collar output, we collected unique data on email communications to study the network connecting individuals in a management recruiting firm. We also gathered data on revenues and contracts at the individual level. Our empirical results suggest that the size of an individual's internal email network is more highly correlated with output than with the number of email messages, the time spent communicating, the external network size, and with all other measures of communication. This result suggests that a more favorable position in the network structure is associated with higher individual output.

scholarly journals Methods for Studying the Contextual Nature of Implicit Cognition

2019 ◽  
pp. 366-387
Author(s):  
Hana R Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Environmental Context ◽  
Implicit Cognition ◽  
Sociology Of Culture ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
Survey Experiments ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter begins with the contention that many key theoretical questions in the sociology of culture depend on our understanding of the interaction of culture at the individual level and forms of culture that exist external to individuals. A central assumption of this argument is that processes of implicit cognition, an aspect of how culture is stored at the individual level, depend on the social, physical, and cultural environmental of an individual. The chapter reviews findings and methods from multiple fields that can inform the study of the relationship between individual level implicit cognition and environmental context. It examines this relationship in terms of how context informs both the acquisition and the activation of implicit cognition at the individual level. Drawing on studies of implicit cognition measures in real-world settings, and laboratory and survey experiments, it discusses how these methods can be used to examine outstanding questions in the sociology of culture.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document