The Social Roots of Sexual Violence

Contexts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 72-73
Author(s):  
Kelsey J. Drotning
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Public Health Perspective ◽  
Campus Sexual Assault ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
Landmark Study ◽  
Ecological Public Health

In their book, Sexual Citizens: A Landmark Study of Sex, Power, and Assault on Campus, Jennifer S. Hirsch and Shamus Khan seek to understand why campus sexual assault happens and what can be done to prevent it in the future by identifying its social roots. The book approaches sexual assault from an ecological public health perspective, but I think at its core, I think it is also an argument for dismantling power disparities within institutions.

Social determinants of mental health and policy implications

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 574-574
Author(s):  
I. Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
Public Health Perspective ◽  
The Social

IntroductionWHO has defined the social determinants of mental health (2008) as “social justice is a matter of life or death. Affects how people live, their propensity for disease and risk of premature death”. Underlies that health is not only determined by biological, but by social factors that can be divided into: Economic, Gender and Cultural.ObjectivesThe author proposes to do a literature review focusing on a consensus on the social determinants of mental health, and the implications on the policies of various countries.Aims and methodsWe performed a literature review using textbooks and research papers (Medline, Pubmed, 1997–2010).ResultsTopics about Social Determinants of Mental Health often establish, the social gradient, situations of stress, childhood development, poverty, drug dependence, conditions at work, unemployment, social support, food, transportation policies, gender and cultural determinants.The Global Movement for Mental Health should play an important role in public health activities, focusing on global mental illness. To do this effectively, the mental health professionals need to confront global poverty, its relationship with the political and economic developments as well as the consequences for common mental illnesses.ConclusionsIn a public health perspective, evidence of the mechanisms of this relationship can be used to consider a variety of primary and secondary preventive strategies with regard to mental health.

scholarly journals Children’s Vulnerability to Sexual Violence during COVID-19 in Kenya: Recommendations for the Future

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Stevens ◽  
James Rockey ◽  
Sarah Rockowitz ◽  
Wangu Kanja ◽  
Melissa Fay Colloff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Situational Crime Prevention ◽  
Public Health Approach ◽  
Child Victims ◽  
Sex Offending ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
School Closures ◽  
The Future

This article discusses the latest research that reveals that children seem to be facing new risks of sexual violence in Kenya during the COVID-19 pandemic. Patterns of sex offending against children coinciding with the implementation of lockdowns, curfews, and school closures may be shifting since the pandemic began. In particular, emerging evidence from Kenya suggests that child victims are younger, more likely to be victimized by a neighbor in a private residence, and in the daytime, compared to pre-pandemic. We conclude that situational crime prevention strategies that focus on providing alternative safe venues to reduce offending opportunities must be a central part of a public health approach to reduce children’s vulnerability during crises such as COVID-19.

scholarly journals Children's Vulnerability to Sexual Violence During COVID-19 in Kenya: Recommendations for the Future

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura M. Stevens ◽  
James C. Rockey ◽  
Sarah R. Rockowitz ◽  
Wangu Kanja ◽  
Melissa F. Colloff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Situational Crime Prevention ◽  
Public Health Approach ◽  
Child Victims ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
School Closures ◽  
Sexual Offenses ◽  
The Future

This article discusses the latest research that reveals that children seem to be facing new risks of sexual violence in Kenya during the COVID-19 pandemic. The evidence suggests there have been changes in patterns of sexual offenses against children coincident with lockdowns, curfews, and school closures. In particular, emerging evidence from Kenya suggests that child victims are younger, more likely to be victimized by a neighbor in a private residence, and in the daytime, compared to pre-pandemic. We conclude that situational crime prevention strategies that focus on providing alternative safe venues to reduce offending opportunities must be a central part of a public health approach to reduce children's vulnerability during crises such as COVID-19.

scholarly journals Perspectives on the Future of Burnout in Sport

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Madigan ◽  
Henrik Gustafsson ◽  
Andrew P. Hill ◽  
Kathleen T. Mellano ◽  
Christine E. Pacewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Context ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Work ◽  
First Time

The present editorial provides a series of perspectives on the future of burnout in sport. Specifically, for the first time, seven burnout researchers have offered their opinions and suggestions for how, as a field, we can progress our understanding of this important topic. A broad range of ideas are discussed, including the relevance of the social context, the value of theory and collaboration, and the use of public health frameworks in future work. It is hoped that these perspectives will help stimulate debate, reinforce and renew priorities, and guide research in this area over the coming years.

scholarly journals Collective Optimism and Selection Against Male Twins in Utero

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Ralph A. Catalano ◽  
Sidra Goldman-Mellor ◽  
Deborah A. Karasek ◽  
Alison Gemmill ◽  
Joan A. Casey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
High Risk ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Monthly Data ◽  
Public Health Infrastructure ◽  
Health Infrastructure ◽  
Child Bearing ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
Male Twin

AbstractScholarly literature claims that health declines in populations when optimism about investing in the future wanes. This claim leads us to describe collective optimism as a predictor of selection in utero. Based on the literature, we argue that the incidence of suicide gauges collective optimism in a population and therefore willingness to invest in the future. Using monthly data from Sweden for the years 1973–2016, we test the hypothesis that the incidence of suicide among women of child-bearing age correlates inversely with male twin births, an indicator of biological investment in high-risk gestations. We find that, as predicted by our theory, the incidence of suicide at month t varies inversely with the ratio of twin to singleton male births at month t + 3. Our results illustrate the likely sensitivity of selection in utero to change in the social environment and so the potential for viewing collective optimism as a component of public health infrastructure.

Widening the Lens: An Ecological Review of Campus Sexual Assault

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie A. Moylan ◽  
McKenzie Javorka
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Institutional Factors ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Level Variation ◽  
Campus Sexual Assault ◽  
Institutional Risk ◽  
Campus Services ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Campus Level

Varying prevalence rates of sexual violence across colleges and universities indicate the need to understand institutional factors underlying such variation; however, research often focuses exclusively on individual risk and protective factors, which both under theorizes and under explains the phenomenon of campus sexual assault. In this review, we propose that broadening to include campus- and contextual-level factors is necessary to fully explain campus sexual assault. Using an ecological approach, we identify and synthesize research related to campus-level variation in sexual violence, including availability of campus services and resources for survivors, institutional risk factors such as alcohol and party culture, athletics, and fraternities, and the impact of policies at the state and federal levels. Suggestions are made for conducting additional research at the campus level and implications of reframing campus sexual assault from an institutional lens are discussed, including the importance of this approach for practice, evaluation, and policy.

scholarly journals Optimizing switching strategies to simplify antiretroviral therapy: the future of second-line from a public health perspective

AIDS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. S153-S163
Author(s):  
Emmanuelle Papot ◽  
Richard Kaplan ◽  
Marco Vitoria ◽  
Mark N. Polizzotto
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Public Health Perspective ◽  
The Future ◽  
Switching Strategies

Behind closed doors: university employees as stakeholders in campus sexual violence

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 290-304
Author(s):  
Marina Rosenthal ◽  
Carly P. Smith ◽  
Jennifer J. Freyd
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Campus Sexual Assault ◽  
University Employees ◽  
Ongoing Relationship ◽  
Sexual Assault Case ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine employees’ experiences of institutional betrayal after a campus sexual assault. Design/methodology/approach University employees completed online measures evaluating various attitudes toward the university. Findings The majority of participants reported institutional betrayal in the university’s response to the case. Employees who reported institutional betrayal indicated significantly lower attachment to the university than employees who reported no institutional betrayal. Institutional betrayal mediated the relationship between institutional attachment and institutional forgiveness. Social implications Universities’ failure to respond effectively and promptly to sexual violence does not go unnoticed by employees. Institutional actions after sexual assault have the power to damage employees’ attachment to the university – employees who experienced institutional betrayal were less attached, and ultimately less forgiving of the institution. Universities’ poor prevention and response efforts impact their entire campus community and compromise community members’ ongoing relationship with the school. Originality/value College students’ active resistance to sexual violence on campus is featured prominently on the pages of major news outlets. Yet, less featured in research and media is the impact of campus sexual assault on university employees, particularly after sexual assault cases are mishandled. This study offers perspective on employees’ experiences and reactions after a prominent sexual assault case.

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