Driver Performance in a Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control String

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 1184-1188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaughan W. Inman ◽  
Steven Jackson ◽  
Brian H. Philips
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Cruise Control ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Cruise Control ◽  
Highway Capacity ◽  
Time To Collision ◽  
Driver Performance ◽  
Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control ◽  
Safety Benefit ◽  
Crash Reduction ◽  
Mean Time

Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) has been proposed as a method to increase highway capacity and possibly enhance safety. Two experiments were conducted in a driving simulator to verify that drivers with CACC would effectively monitor the system’s longitudinal control and override the system in the event that greater braking authority was needed than the system was designed to provide. In the first experiment, the emergency response of drivers with the CACC was compared with that of drivers who manually controlled following distance within a string of vehicles. The CACC group experienced markedly fewer crashes and had longer mean time-to-collision. The second experiment examined whether the CACC safety benefit was the result of the CACC system’s limited automatic braking authority, an auditory alarm, or both. The results suggest that both auto-braking and an auditory alarm are necessary to achieve a crash reduction benefit, although the alarm alone may promote less severe collisions.

scholarly journals Safety Analysis of a Modified Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control Algorithm Accounting for Communication Delay

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7568
Author(s):  
Yi Liu ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Xuedong Hua ◽  
Shunchao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Time Delay ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Adaptive Cruise Control ◽  
Cruise Control ◽  
Time To Collision ◽  
Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control ◽  
Communication Time ◽  
Realistic Information

Cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC) is a promising technology to improve traffic efficiency and enhance road safety. In this paper, a modified CACC control model considering the communication time delay is proposed, which is used to investigate the longitudinal safety impacts of the communication time delay to the CACC platoon. Then, the communication time delay model is integrated into the CACC model to simulate the realistic information transfer process in the CACC platoon. Then a microscopic CACC platoon simulation is designed and conducted to verify the feasibility and reliability of the modified CACC control algorithm. The obtained results reveal that the modified CACC control algorithm can not only reduce about 96.6% of inter-vehicle spacing error, but also enhance the vehicles’ ability to sense the upstream traffic changes. Furthermore, to quantitatively analyze the longitudinal safety influence of the time delay caused by representative communication systems, sensitivity analysis experiments of headway time were designed and conducted. In the sensitivity analysis, the time exposed time-to-collision (TET) and the time-integrated time-to-collision (TIT) were introduced as the key performance indicators (KPIs) to quantify the rear-end collision risks. Sensitivity analysis results demonstrate that the performance of the CACC platoon is strictly related to the applied wireless communication style. Furthermore, the CACC system supported by the 5th generation (5G) communication system shows great advantages in narrowing the minimal headway time gap and reducing the rear-end collision risks.

Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control and Driver Merge Type

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 1839-1843
Author(s):  
Stacy A. Balk ◽  
Steven Jackson ◽  
Brian Philips
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Cruise Control ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Cruise Control ◽  
Driving Time ◽  
Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Skin Response ◽  
Perceived Workload ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Vehicle Platoons

This study explored human factors issues associated with cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC); specifically entering and exiting vehicle platoons. Participants were asked to complete one of three different types of merges in a driving simulator: (1) manual left entrance merge, (2) merge into the middle of a CACC platoon vehicles without speed assistance, and (3) merge into the middle of a CACC platoon vehicles with speed assistance. Drivers’ perceived workload was significantly less for both groups that drove with the CACC system engaged than for the group that manually maintained speed. Perhaps surprisingly, participant condition did not significantly affect physiological arousal as assessed by galvanic skin response (GSR). However, across all groups, GSR was significantly greater during the merges than during cruising/straight highway driving time periods. The two groups that had to manually adjust speed during the merge experienced collisions in 24 (18 percent) of the merges. A possible explanation, supported by participant feedback, is that drivers expect others to act in a courteous manner and to create larger gaps for entrance on to a freeway – something that may not be possible in real world CACC deployment.

Smart Driving System for Improving Traffic Flow

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 236
Author(s):  
Rajesh Kumar Gupta ◽  
L. N. Padhy ◽  
Sanjay Kumar Padhi
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Adaptive Cruise Control ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Cruise Control ◽  
Driving System ◽  
V2v Communication ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control

Traffic congestion on road networks is one of the most significant problems that is faced in almost all urban areas. Driving under traffic congestion compels frequent idling, acceleration, and braking, which increase energy consumption and wear and tear on vehicles. By efficiently maneuvering vehicles, traffic flow can be improved. An Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) system in a car automatically detects its leading vehicle and adjusts the headway by using both the throttle and the brake. Conventional ACC systems are not suitable in congested traffic conditions due to their response delay.  For this purpose, development of smart technologies that contribute to improved traffic flow, throughput and safety is needed. In today’s traffic, to achieve the safe inter-vehicle distance, improve safety, avoid congestion and the limited human perception of traffic conditions and human reaction characteristics constrains should be analyzed. In addition, erroneous human driving conditions may generate shockwaves in addition which causes traffic flow instabilities. In this paper to achieve inter-vehicle distance and improved throughput, we consider Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) system. CACC is then implemented in Smart Driving System. For better Performance, wireless communication is used to exchange Information of individual vehicle. By introducing vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communication and vehicle to roadside infrastructure (V2R) communications, the vehicle gets information not only from its previous and following vehicle but also from the vehicles in front of the previous Vehicle and following vehicle. This enables a vehicle to follow its predecessor at a closer distance under tighter control.

scholarly journals String Stable Model Predictive Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control for Heterogeneous Platoons

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen van Nunen ◽  
Joey Reinders ◽  
Elham Semsar-Kazerooni ◽  
Nathan van de Wouw
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Cruise Control ◽  
Stable Model ◽  
Cruise Control ◽  
Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control

Modeling of cooperative adaptive cruise control vehicle and its effect on traffic flow

2021 ◽  
pp. 2250022
Author(s):  
Jianzhong Chen ◽  
Yang Zhou ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Huan Liang ◽  
Zekai Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Cooperative Control ◽  
Adaptive Cruise Control ◽  
Cruise Control ◽  
Lane Changing ◽  
Vehicle Communication ◽  
Traffic Efficiency ◽  
Vehicle To Vehicle ◽  
Road Capacity ◽  
Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control

In this paper, an improved multianticipative cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC) model is proposed based on fully utilizing multivehicle information obtained by vehicle-to-vehicle communication. More flexible, effective and practical spacing strategy is embedded into the model. We design a new lane-changing rule for CACC vehicles on the freeway. The rule considers that CACC vehicles are more inclined to form a platoon for coordinated control. Furthermore, we investigate the effect of CACC vehicles on two-lane traffic flow. The results demonstrate that introducing CACC vehicles into mixed traffic and forming CACC platoon to cooperative control can improve traffic efficiency and enhance road capacity to a certain extent.

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