scholarly journals The role of viscosupplementation in patellar chondropathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 1759720X2110150
Author(s):  
Sergio Ricardo da Costa ◽  
Roberto Freire da Mota e Albuquerque ◽  
Camilo Partezani Helito ◽  
Gilberto Luis Camanho
Keyword(s):  
Conservative Treatment ◽  
Cartilage Degradation ◽  
Limited Mobility ◽  
Recreational Athletes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Patellar Chondropathy

Patellar chondropathy has a high incidence in the general population, being more common in patients younger than 50 years, female and recreational athletes, and overweight and obese patients. The most common complaints are pain, limited mobility, crepitus, difficulty climbing and descending stairs, and joint instability, usually showing unsatisfactory results with anti-inflammatory, physiotherapy, rehabilitation, and many other conservative treatment methods. The presumed hyaluronic acid (HA) disease-modifying activity may include effects on cartilage degradation, endogenous HA synthesis, synoviocyte and chondrocyte function, and other cellular inflammatory processes. Currently, HA is widely used as a safe and effective conservative treatment for osteoarthritis in the knee and other joints. HA improves the physiological environment in an osteoarthritic joint and the shock absorption and lubrication properties of the osteoarthritic synovial fluid, thus restoring the protective viscoelasticity of the synovial HA, reducing the pain, and improving the mobility. The complete mechanism of HA in the joint is not fully understood, but a wide range of actions in the joint is recognized. Its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and chondroprotective action is related to the modulation of the intra- and extracellular inflammation cascade. HA has been shown to be safe and effective in the treatment of pain related to patellar chondropathy.

CYTOKINE PRODUCTION IN LINOMIDE-TREATED NOD MICE AND THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF A Th1/Th2 SHIFT ON AUTOIMMUNE AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY PROCESSES

Cytokine ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lola Weiss ◽  
Vivian Barak ◽  
Michael Zeira ◽  
Ali Abdul-Hai ◽  
Israel Raibstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Nod Mice ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

scholarly journals Neuroprotective Mechanisms of PPARδ: Modulation of Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Processes

PPAR Research ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline I. Schnegg ◽  
Mike E. Robbins
Keyword(s):  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Chronic Injuries ◽  
Neuroprotective Efficacy ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARα,δ, andγ) are ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate a wide range of cellular processes, including inflammation, proliferation, differentiation, metabolism, and energy homeostasis. All three PPAR subtypes have been identified in the central nervous system (CNS) of rodents. While PPARαand PPARγare expressed in more restricted areas of the CNS, PPARδis ubiquitously expressed and is the predominant subtype. Although data regarding PPARδare limited, studies have demonstrated that administration of PPARδagonists confers neuroprotection following various acute and chronic injuries to the CNS, such as stroke, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of PPARδagonists are thought to underly their neuroprotective efficacy. This review will focus on the putative neuroprotective benefits of therapeutically targeting PPARδin the CNS, and specifically, highlight the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions of PPARδagonists.

scholarly journals Microglia Mediated Neuroinflammation: Focus on PI3K Modulation

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Cianciulli ◽  
Chiara Porro ◽  
Rosa Calvello ◽  
Teresa Trotta ◽  
Dario Domenico Lofrumento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
Pathogen Invasion ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Immune activation in the central nervous system involves mostly microglia in response to pathogen invasion or tissue damage, which react, promoting a self-limiting inflammatory response aimed to restore homeostasis. However, prolonged, uncontrolled inflammation may result in the production by microglia of neurotoxic factors that lead to the amplification of the disease state and tissue damage. In particular, specific inducers of inflammation associated with neurodegenerative diseases activate inflammatory processes that result in the production of a number of mediators and cytokines that enhance neurodegenerative processes. Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) constitute a family of enzymes regulating a wide range of activity, including signal transduction. Recent studies have focused attention on the intracellular role of PI3K and its contribution to neurodegenerative processes. This review illustrates and discusses recent findings about the role of this signaling pathway in the modulation of microglia neuroinflammatory responses linked to neurodegeneration. Finally, we discuss the modulation of PI3K as a potential therapeutic approach helpful for developing innovative therapeutic strategies in neurodegenerative diseases.

May BDNF Be Implicated in the Exercise-Mediated Regulation of Inflammation? Critical Review and Synthesis of Evidence

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 521-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth D. E. Papathanassoglou ◽  
Panagiota Miltiadous ◽  
Maria N. Karanikola
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Pathway ◽  
Parasympathetic System ◽  
Bidirectional Signaling ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
System Activation ◽  
Physiological Pathways ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Critical Literature

Introduction: Exercise attenuates inflammation and enhances levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Exercise also enhances parasympathetic tone, although its role in activating the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway is unclear. The physiological pathways of exercise’s effect on inflammation are obscure. Aims: To critically review the evidence on the role of BDNF in the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise and its potential involvement in the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Methods: Critical literature review of studies published in MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and Cochrane databases. Results: BDNF is critically involved in the bidirectional signaling between immune and neurosensory cells and in the regulation of parasympathetic system responses. BDNF is also intricately involved in the inflammatory response: inflammation induces BDNF production, and, in turn, BDNF exerts pro- and/or anti-inflammatory effects. Although exercise modulates BDNF and its receptors in lymphocytes, data on BDNF’s immunoregulatory/anti-inflammatory effects in relation to exercise are scarce. Moreover, BDNF increases cholinergic activity and is modulated by parasympathetic system activation. However, its involvement in the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway has not been investigated. Conclusion: Converging lines of evidence implicate BDNF in exercise-mediated regulation of inflammation; however, data are insufficient to draw concrete conclusions. We suggest that there is a need to investigate BDNF as a potential modulator/mediator of the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise and of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway during exercise. Such research would have implications for a wide range of inflammatory diseases and for planning targeted exercise protocols.

scholarly journals Metformin and its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects; new concepts

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Hasanpour Dehkordi ◽  
Abolfazl Abbaszadeh ◽  
Samareh Mir ◽  
Amin Hasanvand
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Oxidative Effects

Metformin is one of the oldest and commonly used blood sugar lowering drugs, having limited side effects and used as the first line treatment in patients suffering from diabetes mellitus. Moreover, various studies have emphasized on the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant role of metformin, with multiple mechanisms, which activation of AMPK by metformin has had a key role in many of them. During the searches on the internet websites of PubMed, Elsevier, Google Scholar, and Science Direct, 76 papers related to the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant role of metformin were selected and reviewed since 2003 to 2017. At the cellular level, metformin suppresses the inflammation in many cases and reduces or eliminates inflammatory factors mainly through dependent mechanisms and sometimes independent of AMPK at the cellular level and through other ways at the systematic levels. It is also effective in reducing the level of oxidative stress factors by regulating the antioxidant system of the cell. All evidence suggests the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory role of metformin in various conditions. Metformin can be an appropriate treatment option for many diseases, which inflammatory processes and oxidative stress play a role in their pathogenesis.

Role of Chyavanprashas a Rasayana in combating an outbreak of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 165-170
Author(s):  
Rajni Kamlakar Gurmule
Keyword(s):  
Causative Factor ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Better Than

Today the whole world is suffering from the most dreadful disease that is Covid 19. The Causative factor for COVID 19 is SARS-COV2. It was ϑirst noticed in Wuhan city of China. World Health Organisation declared the fatality of this disease as a pandemic. This disease has become a problem of great concern globally. This virus targets the respiratory system of human beings. There is a high incidence of person to person transmission of this disease through contact. However, there is also a signiϑicant role in innate immunity in pathogenesis and management of this disease. The whole world is seeking for ϑlawless control of this viral disease. Ayurveda is a holistic science. Its aim is not only on the cure of diseases but also on its prevention. It emphasises mainly on healthy life of an individual. There is a wide range of principles described in Ayurveda which are used to combat disease from its root. Rasayana Chikista is a useful principle of Ayurveda, beneϑicial for management and prevention of many diseases. It is always said that “prevention is better than cure”. Chyavanprash is one of the well known Rasayana. Contents of Chyavanprash shows a wide range of actions on respiratory diseases as well as on boosting immunity. These properties of it provoke us to review the role of Chyavanprash in the prevention of Covid 19, thereby increasing one’s immune response. This Chyavanaprash can be a boon in the prevention of Covid 19 by improving immunity against it.

scholarly journals Sphingosin-1-phosphate Receptor 1: a Potential Target to Inhibit Neuroinflammation and Restore the Sphingosin-1-phosphate Metabolism

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeynab Kolahdooz ◽  
Sanaz Nasoohi ◽  
Masoumeh Asle-Rousta ◽  
Abolhassan Ahmadiani ◽  
Leila Dargahi
Keyword(s):  
Expression Profile ◽  
Memory Deficit ◽  
Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Potential Target ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Sphingosine 1 Phosphate ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Neuro Inflammation

AbstractBackground: Recent evidence suggests that an extreme shift may occur in sphingosine metabolism in neuroinflammatory contexts. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P)-metabolizing enzymes (SMEs) regulate the level of S1P. We recently found that FTY720, a S1P analogue, and SEW2871, a selective S1P receptor 1 (S1P1) agonist, provide protection against neural damage and memory deficit in amyloid beta (Aβ)-injected animals. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of these two analogues on the expression of SMEs as well as their anti-inflammatory roles. Methods: Rats were treated with intracerebral lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or Aβ. Memory impairment was assessed by Morris water maze and the effects of drugs on SMEs as well as inflammatory markers, TNF- α and COX-II, were determined by immunoblotting. Results: Aβ and LPS differentially altered the expression profile of SMEs. In Aβ-injected animals, FTY720 and SEW2871 treatments exerted anti-inflammatory effects and restored the expression profile of SMEs, in parallel to our previous findings. In LPS animals however, in spite of anti-inflammatory effects of the two analogues, only FTY720 restored the levels of SMEs and prevented memory deficit. Conclusion: The observed ameliorating effects of FTY720 and SEW7821 can be partly attributed to the interruption of the vicious cycle of abnormal S1P metabolism and neuro-inflammation. The close imitation of the FTY720 effects by SW2871 in Aβ-induced neuro-inflammation may highlight the attractive role of S1P1 as a potential target to restore S1P metabolism and inhibit inflammatory processes.

scholarly journals The Role of non-coding RNA in Cardiac Repair and Regeneration after Myocardial Infarction

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (06) ◽  
pp. 01-13
Author(s):  
Yongjun Li
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Myocardial Repair ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

Myocardial infarction (MI), one of the cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) with high incidence and mortality rate, seriously endangers human health. The poor ways of fully repairing and regenerating the infarcted myocardium may have an impact on people's life quality, therefore scientists have devoted continuously to exploring the way of myocardial repair after MI so as to strive for a better prognosis of these patients. In recent years, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been identified and become one of the exciting fields of research in the development of CVDs. In a wide range of areas, more and more research has found that ncRNAs play important roles in myocardial repair. This review mainly introduces some strategies for myocardial repair and the role or mechanism of microRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), circular RNA (circRNA) and circRNA/lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory axis in the repair of myocardial tissue after MI, in order to build a better understanding and find new therapeutic targets for MI.

scholarly journals Plausible role of Arq Ajīb in combating COVID-19: A multi-faceted review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 141-148
Author(s):  
Noman Anwar ◽  
N. Zaheer Ahmed ◽  
Shehnaz Begum
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Symptomatic Relief ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Massive Change ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The current pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has led to a massive change in every aspect of our lives. It has grossly affected the healthcare system, business and world trade, disruption of movement and supply of essential goods and has crippled the global economy. Although few vaccines have been approved for the control of disease, targeted therapy options for this virulent disease still remain limited and elusive. Exhaustive search for potent therapeutic candidate is in progress, for which herbal armory are also being explored. Medicinal plants and their products play a vital role in alleviating various diseases and have been reported to exhibit a wide range of biological activities. Plant-based drugs with antiviral, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulotry activities were hypothetically considered as potential drugs to prevent and mitigate the prevailing situation caused by SARS-CoV-2. Arq Ajīb ‘a Unani formulation’ presents compelling approach in treating numerous diseases. The ingredients of Arq Ajīb and their phytocompounds have been reported for wide-ranging pharmaco-biological activities including antiviral, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulotry, anti-allergic, antitussive and bronchodilatory activities. Scientific data available on the formulation ingredients and their phytocompounds indicates that the formulation may have a significant role in augmenting the immune status of individual, protecting them from infection and providing symptomatic relief to patients affected with COVID-19. Hence, it may be considered as a potential drug for the development of novel therapeutic candidate for SARS-CoV-2 infection. This multi-faceted review highlights the therapeutic significance and pharmacological actions of Arq Ajīb and its ingredients to demonstrate the plausible role of the formulation in combating COVID-19. Keywords: Arq Ajīb, COVID-19, Pudina, Ajwain, Camphor, Unani formulation

scholarly journals B Cells in Neuroinflammation: New Perspectives and Mechanistic Insights

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1605
Author(s):  
Julie J. Ahn ◽  
Mohammad Abu-Rub ◽  
Robert H. Miller
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Neurological Processes

In recent years, the role of B cells in neurological disorders has substantially expanded our perspectives on mechanisms of neuroinflammation. The success of B cell-depleting therapies in patients with CNS diseases such as neuromyelitis optica and multiple sclerosis has highlighted the importance of neuroimmune crosstalk in inflammatory processes. While B cells are essential for the adaptive immune system and antibody production, they are also major contributors of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine responses in a number of inflammatory diseases. B cells can contribute to neurological diseases through peripheral immune mechanisms, including production of cytokines and antibodies, or through CNS mechanisms following compartmentalization. Emerging evidence suggests that aberrant pro- or anti-inflammatory B cell populations contribute to neurological processes, including glial activation, which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we summarize recent findings on B cell involvement in neuroinflammatory diseases and discuss evidence to support pathogenic immunomodulatory functions of B cells in neurological disorders, highlighting the importance of B cell-directed therapies.

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