Alcohol consumption and cardiorespiratory fitness in five population-based studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian E Baumeister ◽  
Jonas D Finger ◽  
Sven Gläser ◽  
Marcus Dörr ◽  
Marcello RP Markus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Heavy Episodic Drinking ◽  
P Value ◽  
Independent Population ◽  
Average Alcohol

Background Poor cardiorespiratory fitness is a risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity. Alcohol consumption contributes substantially to the burden of disease, but its association with cardiorespiratory fitness is not well described. We examined associations between average alcohol consumption, heavy episodic drinking and cardiorespiratory fitness. Design The design of this study was as a cross-sectional population-based random sample. Methods We analysed data from five independent population-based studies (Study of Health in Pomerania (2008–2012); German Health Interview and Examination Survey (2008–2011); US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2000; NHANES 2001–2002; NHANES 2003–2004) including 7358 men and women aged 20–85 years, free of lung disease or asthma. Cardiorespiratory fitness, quantified by peak oxygen uptake, was assessed using exercise testing. Information regarding average alcohol consumption (ethanol in grams per day (g/d)) and heavy episodic drinking (5+ or 6+ drinks/occasion) was obtained from self-reports. Fractional polynomial regression models were used to determine the best-fitting dose-response relationship. Results Average alcohol consumption displayed an inverted U-type relation with peak oxygen uptake ( p-value<0.0001), after adjustment for age, sex, education, smoking and physical activity. Compared to individuals consuming 10 g/d (moderate consumption), current abstainers and individuals consuming 50 and 60 g/d had significantly lower peak oxygen uptake values (ml/kg/min) (β coefficients = −1.90, β = −0.06, β = −0.31, respectively). Heavy episodic drinking was not associated with peak oxygen uptake. Conclusions Across multiple adult population-based samples, moderate drinkers displayed better fitness than current abstainers and individuals with higher average alcohol consumption.

scholarly journals Lower Cardiorespiratory Fitness Is Associated With Right Ventricular Geometry and Function – The Sedentary’s Heart: SHIP

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine J. Drzyzga ◽  
Martin Bahls ◽  
Till Ittermann ◽  
Henry Völzke ◽  
Robin Bülow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
And Function

Background Lower cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. However, very little information is available about the association between lower CRF and right ventricular (RV) remodeling. We investigated the relationship between CRF and RV structure and function in a large, aging, and largely sedentary adult population–based cohort. Methods and Results We used cross‐sectional data of 2844 subjects (1486 women; median age, 51 years; interquartile range, 40–62 years) from the population‐based cohort SHIP (Study of Health in Pomerania) with echocardiography, of which 941 also had cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. We analyzed the associations of peak oxygen uptake with RV parameters determined by both imaging techniques using multivariable‐adjusted linear regression models. In echocardiography, a 1 L/min lower peak oxygen uptake was associated with a 1.18 mm (95% CI, 0.66–1.71; P <0.001) smaller RV end‐diastolic diameter and a 1.41 mm (95% CI, 0.90–1.92; P <0.001) narrower RV end‐diastolic outflow tract diameter. Similarly, using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging measurements, a 1 L/min lower peak oxygen uptake was associated with a 23.5 mL (95% CI, 18.7–28.4; P <0.001) smaller RV end‐diastolic volume, a 13.0 mL (95% CI, 9.81–16.2; P <0.001) lower RV end‐systolic volume, and a 10.7 mL/beat (95% CI, 8.10–13.3; P <0.001) lower RV stroke volume. Conclusions Our results indicate a significant association between CRF and RV remodeling. Lower CRF was associated with smaller RV chamber and lower RV systolic function, stroke volume, and cardiac output.

scholarly journals Predicting maximal oxygen uptake from a 3-minute progressive knee-ups and step test

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10831
Author(s):  
Yu-Chun Chung ◽  
Ching-Yu Huang ◽  
Huey-June Wu ◽  
Nai-Wen Kan ◽  
Chin-Shan Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Fitness Assessment ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Health Related

Background Cardiorespiratory fitness assessment is crucial for diagnosing health risks and assessing interventions. Direct measurement of maximum oxygen uptake (V̇O2 max) yields more objective and accurate results, but it is practical only in a laboratory setting. We therefore investigated whether a 3-min progressive knee-up and step (3MPKS) test can be used to estimate peak oxygen uptake in these settings. Method The data of 166 healthy adult participants were analyzed. We conducted a V̇O2 max test and a subsequent 3MPKS exercise test, in a balanced order, a week later. In a multivariate regression model, sex; age; relative V̇O2 max; body mass index (BMI); body fat percentage (BF); resting heart rate (HR0); and heart rates at the beginning as well as at the first, second, third, and fourth minutes (denoted by HR0, HR1, HR2, HR3, and HR4, respectively) during a step test were used as predictors. Moreover, R2 and standard error of estimate (SEE) were used to evaluate the accuracy of various body composition models in predicting V̇O2max. Results The predicted and actual V̇O2 max values were significantly correlated (BF% model: R2 = 0.624, SEE = 4.982; BMI model: R2 = 0.567, SEE = 5.153). The BF% model yielded more accurate predictions, and the model predictors were sex, age, BF%, HR0, ΔHR3−HR0, and ΔHR3−HR4. Conclusion In our study, involving Taiwanese adults, we constructed and verified a model to predict V̇O2 max, which indicates cardiorespiratory fitness. This model had the predictors sex, age, body composition, and heart rate changes during a step test. Our 3MPKS test has the potential to be widely used in epidemiological research to measure V̇O2 max and other health-related parameters.

Do stair climbing exercise “snacks” improve cardiorespiratory fitness?

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 681-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Madison Jenkins ◽  
Leah N. Nairn ◽  
Lauren E. Skelly ◽  
Jonathan P. Little ◽  
Martin J. Gibala
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Stair Climbing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Absolute Increase ◽  
The Absolute

We investigated the effect of stair climbing exercise “snacks” on peak oxygen uptake. Sedentary young adults were randomly assigned to perform 3 bouts/day of vigorously ascending a 3-flight stairwell (60 steps), separated by 1–4 h of recovery, 3 days/week for 6 weeks, or a nontraining control group (n = 12 each). Peak oxygen uptake was higher in the climbers after the intervention (P = 0.003), suggesting that stair climbing “snacks” are effective in improving cardiorespiratory fitness, although the absolute increase was modest.

scholarly journals Assessing Differences in Cardiorespiratory Fitness With Respect to Maturity Status in Highly Trained Youth Soccer Players

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg Doncaster ◽  
John Iga ◽  
Viswanath Unnithan
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Running Economy ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Peak Height Velocity ◽  
Youth Soccer

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine differences in measures of cardiorespiratory fitness and determinants of running economy with respect to maturity status in a group of highly trained youth soccer players. Methods: A total of 21 highly trained youth soccer players participated in this study. On separate visits, players’ peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), running economy at 3 different speeds [8 km·h−1, 80% gaseous exchange threshold (GET), and 95% GET], and pulmonary oxygen uptake (VO2) kinetics were determined. Players also performed a Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1). Players were categorized as either “pre-PHV” (peak height velocity) or “mid-PHV” group using the measure of maturity offset. Independent t tests and Cohen’s d effect sizes were then used to assess differences between groups. Results: The mid-PHV group was significantly taller, heavier, and advanced in maturity status. Absolute measures of VO2peak were greater in the mid-PHV group; however, when expressed relative to body mass, fat-free mass, and theoretically derived exponents, VO2peak values were similar between groups. Pre-PHV group presented a significantly reduced VO2 response, during relative submaximal running speeds, when theoretically derived exponents were used, or expressed as %VO2peak. VO2 kinetics (tau) were faster during a low (standing) to moderate (95% GET) transition in the pre-PHV group. Yo-Yo IR1 performance was similar between groups. Conclusion: Although measures of VO2peak and Yo-Yo IR1 performance are shown to be similar between groups, those categorized as pre-PHV group display a superior running economy at relative submaximal running speeds and faster taus during a low to moderate exercise transition than their more mature counterparts.

scholarly journals Interindividual Variation in Cardiorespiratory Fitness: A Candidate Gene Study in Han Chinese People

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 555
Author(s):  
Gaowa ◽  
Juan Del Coso ◽  
Zhuangzhuang Gu ◽  
Wuyun Gerile ◽  
Rui Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Han Chinese ◽  
Interindividual Variation ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
Angiotensin Ii Receptor ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
A Minor

Cardiorespiratory fitness, as assessed through peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), is a powerful health indicator. We aimed to evaluate the influence of several candidate causal genetic variants on VO2peak level in untrained Han Chinese people. A total of 1009 participants (566 women; age [mean ± SD] 40 ± 14 years, VO2peak 29.9 ± 7.1 mL/kg/min) performed a maximal incremental cycling test for VO2peak determination. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral whole blood, and genotyping analysis was performed on 125 gene variants. Using age, sex, and body mass as covariates, and setting a stringent threshold p-value of 0.0004, only one single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), located in the gene encoding angiotensin-converting enzyme (rs4295), was associated with VO2peak (β = 0.87; p < 2.9 × 10−4). Stepwise multiple regression analysis identified a panel of three SNPs (rs4295 = 1.1%, angiotensin II receptor type 1 rs275652 = 0.6%, and myostatin rs7570532 = 0.5%) that together accounted for 2.2% (p = 0.0007) of the interindividual variance in VO2peak. Participants carrying six ‘favorable’ alleles had a higher VO2peak (32.3 ± 8.1 mL/kg/min) than those carrying only one favorable allele (24.6 ± 5.2 mL/kg/min, p < 0.0001). In summary, VO2peak at the pre-trained state is partly influenced by several polymorphic variations in candidate genes, but they represent a minor portion of the variance.

scholarly journals Reliability of a Progressive Maximal Cycle Ergometer Test to Assess Peak Oxygen Uptake in Children With Mild to Moderate Cerebral Palsy

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merel-Anne Brehm ◽  
Astrid C.J. Balemans ◽  
Jules G. Becher ◽  
Annet J. Dallmeijer
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Cycle Ergometer Test ◽  
Ergometer Test ◽  
Maximal Cycle ◽  
Gmfcs Level

BackgroundRehabilitation research in children with cerebral palsy (CP) is increasingly addressing cardiorespiratory fitness testing. However, evidence on the reliability of peak oxygen uptake (V̇o2peak) measurements, considered the best indicator of aerobic fitness, is not available in this population.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to establish the reliability of a progressive maximal cycle ergometer test when assessing V̇o2peak in children with mild to moderate CP.DesignRepeated measures were used to assess test-retest reliability.MethodsEligible participants were ambulant, 6 to 14 years of age, and classified as level I, II, or III according to the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). Two progressive maximal cycle ergometer tests were conducted (separated by 3 weeks), with the workload increasing every minute in steps of 3 to 11 W, dependent on height and GMFCS level. Reliability was determined by means of the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC [2,1]) and smallest detectable change (SDC).ResultsTwenty-one children participated (GMFCS I: n=4; GMFCS II: n=12; and GMFCS III: n=5). Sixteen of them (9 boys, 7 girls; GMFCS I: n=3; GMFCS II: n=11; and GMFCS III: n=2) performed 2 successful tests, separated by 9.5 days on average. Reliability for V̇o2peak was excellent (ICC=.94, 95% confidence interval=.83–.98). The SDC was 5.72 mL/kg/min, reflecting 14.6% of the mean.LimitationsThe small sample size did not allow separate analysis of reliability per GMFCS level.ConclusionsIn children with CP of GMFCS levels I and II, a progressive maximal cycle ergometer test to assess V̇o2peak is reliable and has the potential to detect change in cardiorespiratory fitness over time. Further study is needed to establish the reliability of V̇o2peak in children of GMFCS level III.

P4339Reference values for cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy Koreans: compared to western nations and nomogram

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
W Y Jang ◽  
W Kim ◽  
D O Kang ◽  
Y Park ◽  
E J Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sports Science ◽  
Korean Adults

Abstract Introduction Cardiorespiratory Fitness (CRF), defined as the integrated ability to properly oxygenate skeletal muscles during physical activity, is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. The reference range for CRF may differ among nations, with Asians under-represented in previous data. Purpose In this study, we sought to establish reference values of CRF for Asians using a recent Korean cohort. Methods We analyzed 2646 healthy Korean adults recently enrolled in the Korea Institute of Sports Science Fitness Standards (KISS FitS) project with estimated maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) values during treadmill test. Patients with cardiovascular or renal disease, systemic infection, pregnant women and those with orthopedic injuries unable to measure physical fitness were excluded. Age-specific mean VO2max values were compared with those from recent American, Norwegian, Danish cohorts and old Korean data. Results Age-specific reference values for healthy Korean adults in this cohort were as shown (Table). We were able to draw a nomogram to predict exercise capacity for a given age and MET value (Figure). When compared to other countries, less CRF reduction by aging was seen in Asians than in other Westerners. When compared to old Korean data from the 1980s, values were similar after adjustment for difference in methods, except for those under 30 years old which were decreased. Exercise capacity of healthy Korean Men Women Age VO2max (ml/kg/min) N P-value for trend Age VO2max (ml/kg/min) N P-value for trend 19–29 42.3±6.3± 209 <0.01 19–29 34.3±4.3± 110 <0.01 30–39 42.0±5.0± 170 39–39 32.2±4.5± 211 40–49 41.4±5.6± 238 40–49 30.8±4.6± 284 50–59 38.0±5.7± 274 50–59 28.3±4.6± 367 60–69 32.4±6.2± 134 60–69 26.0±5.7± 336 70–79 27.2±5.6± 83 70–79 23.9±4.4± 195 >80 24.1±4.0± 11 >80 21.0±3.7± 24 Total 38.6±7.4± 1119 Total 28.5±5.8 1527 Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. VO2max, maximal oxygen uptake; N, number. Nomogram of exercise capacity in Koreans Conclusions While there was no significant change in CRF over time in the same ethnic group, there was a clear inter-ethnic difference. CRF should be assessed according to ethnic or national standards, and it is necessary to establish a reference for each nation or ethnicity with periodic updates. Acknowledgement/Funding National Sports Promotion Fund of the Korea Sports Promotion Foundation in 2015

Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-Analysis on the Relationship Between Alcohol Consumption and Sickness Absence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melvin Marzan ◽  
Sarah Callinan ◽  
Michael Livingston ◽  
Geoffrey Leggat ◽  
Heng Jiang
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Heavy Episodic Drinking ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT Aims Alcohol consumption (AC) may cause workplace absence, but the findings of individual studies vary markedly. To date, no dose–response meta-analysis (DRMA) of the relationship between AC and sickness absence (SA) has been completed. This paper aims to estimate the dose–response relationship between AC and the risk of SA based on published observational studies. Methods We used DRMA and modelling to investigate the effects of varying doses of AC (including heavy episodic drinking (HED)) onSA. Results The meta-analysis included 21 studies (12 cohort studies and 9 cross-sectional). It showed that HED, risky (20–40 g of alcohol/day) and high-risk (&gt;40 g of alcohol/day) drinkers had an elevated risk of SA when compared with light-to-moderate drinkers for both sexes. Those who abstained from alcohol had a higher risk of SA than those who drink moderately. Conclusions Our results indicate that risky, high-risk drinking and HED may increase the risk of absenteeism. The implementation of population-based strategies may be appropriate to address the burdens of alcohol-related SA. Additionally, economic evaluations of alcohol policies should incorporate their impacts on SA. However, the current literature has substantial limitations, relying on modestly designed studies from just a few settings and more studies are needed—especially those that measure abstention in more nuancedways.

scholarly journals Epicardial adipose tissue is associated with cardiorespiratory fitness and hemodynamics among Japanese individuals of various ages and of both sexes

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254733
Author(s):  
Yousuke Sugita ◽  
Katsuhiko Ito ◽  
Shigeki Sakurai ◽  
Satoshi Sakai ◽  
Shinya Kuno
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Epicardial Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Tissue Volume ◽  
Adipose Tissue Volume

Epicardial adipose tissue may affect hemodynamics and cardiorespiratory fitness as it is a metabolically active visceral adipose tissue and a source of inflammatory bioactive substances that can substantially modulate cardiovascular morphology and function. However, the associations between epicardial adipose tissue and hemodynamics and cardiorespiratory fitness remain unclear. This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the association between epicardial adipose tissue volume and hemodynamics, and cardiorespiratory fitness among Japanese individuals of various ages and of both sexes. Epicardial adipose tissue volume was measured in 120 participants (age, 21–85 years) by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. To evaluate cardiorespiratory fitness, peak oxygen uptake was measured by cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Peak cardiac output and arteriovenous oxygen difference were calculated by impedance cardiography. The epicardial adipose tissue volume was significantly increased in middle-aged and older women. The epicardial adipose tissue volume was significantly and negatively correlated to peak cardiac output and peak oxygen uptake, regardless of age and sex; furthermore, epicardial adipose tissue showed a strong negative correlation with peak heart rate. Epicardial adipose tissue and peak cardiac output were significantly associated (β = -0.359, 95% confidence interval, -0.119 to -0.049, p < 0.001), even after multivariate adjustment (R2 = 0.778). However, in the multiple regression analysis with peak oxygen uptake as a dependent variable, the epicardial adipose tissue volume was not an independent predictor. These data suggest that increased epicardial adipose tissue volume may be correlated with decreased peak oxygen uptake, which might have mediated the abnormal hemodynamics among Japanese people of various ages and of both sexes. Interventions targeting epicardial adipose tissue could potentially improve hemodynamics and cardiorespiratory fitness.

scholarly journals Effects of Parkour Training on Health-Related Physical Fitness in Male Adolescents

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Dvorak ◽  
Neil Eves ◽  
Vaclav Bunc ◽  
Jiri Balas
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Body Composition Assessment ◽  
Running Speed

Background:Many children become less active as they age which increases their risk of developing of chronic conditions. Traditional forms of physical activity may not be optimal for them. There is a need for more attractive form of training to try and increase physical activity levels and improve the fitness of children. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of performing parkour training on measures of cardiorespiratory fitness, strength and body composition in adolescents.Methods:Using a single-group design, 12 males (age 16 ± 2 yr, weight = 69 ± 12 kg, height = 177 ± 7 cm) took part in a controlled indoor parkour intervention 2 days/week for 10 weeks. Participants underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), strength testing and body composition assessment before and after the exercise intervention.Results:Peak oxygen uptake (O2peak) significantly increased from 50.0 ± 4.9 ml·min-1·kg-1to 52.5 ± 4.3 ml·min-1·kg-1. Oxygen uptake at a standardized submaximal (10 km·h-1) running speed (O210km/h) significantly decreased from 37.7 ± 1.6 ml·min-1·kg-1to 36.7 ± 1.9 ml·min-1·kg-1. Oxygen uptake at anaerobic treshold (O2@AT) significantly increased from 38.4 ± 4.3 ml·min-1·kg-1to 40.5 ± 3.9 ml·min-1·kg-1, heart rate at anaerobic treshold (HR@AT) and running speed at anaerobic threshold. We also found a significant increase in standing broad jump from 234 ± 29 cm to 251 ± 23 cm and bent arm hang from 34 ± 24 s to 37 ± 24 s.Conclusion:Parkour training is an effective intervention to improve cardiorespiratory fitness and strength in adolescent males. Parkour is a viable form of physical activity to improve the health and fitness of children and adolescents.

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