scholarly journals Fluoroscopy-guided balloon dilation of a proximal urethral stricture caused by a urethral membrane in a female cat

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 205511691986717
Author(s):  
Javier Rincon Alvarez ◽  
Victoria Smith ◽  
Cameron Broome
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Urethral Stricture ◽  
Bladder Neck ◽  
Balloon Dilation ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Excellent Outcome ◽  
Case Summary ◽  
Retrograde Urethrogram ◽  
History Of ◽  
Proximal Urethra

Case summary A proximal urethral stricture was diagnosed by retrograde urethrogram in a 2-year-old female neutered cat, which was referred following a 2-month history of stranguria, pollakiuria and urinary incontinence. Cystoscopic examination confirmed the presence of a severe narrowing of the proximal urethra near to the bladder neck, consisting of a membrane arising from the urethral mucosa. Fluoroscopy-guided balloon dilation was performed. Twelve months after the procedure, the cat did not show any recurrence of clinical signs. Relevance and novel information To our knowledge, this is the first report of a proximal urethral stricture in a cat. Management by fluoroscopy-guided balloon dilation proved to be a successful and minimally invasive option with an excellent outcome.

Balloon dilation of a urethral stricture caused by a congenital obstructive proximal urethral membrane (COPUM) in a dog

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e001084
Author(s):  
Darren Kelly ◽  
Ingrid Isaac ◽  
Judith Cruzado-Perez ◽  
Florence Juvet
Keyword(s):  
Urethral Stricture ◽  
Balloon Dilation ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Membranous Structure ◽  
First Report ◽  
Urethral Strictures ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Proximal Urethra

Congenital urethral strictures are well recognised in human beings and have recently been described in two cats but have not been previously reported in dogs. A 10-month-old female English Bull Terrier presented with a life-long history of being unable to pass a normal stream of urine. Urethrocystoscopy confirmed the presence of a stricture lesion in the proximal urethra. This thin, membranous structure was effaced under endoscopic visualisation using a 10 mm diameter balloon-dilation catheter. Complete and sustained resolution of clinical signs occurred after a single dilation procedure. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a congenital urethral stricture in a dog and the term congenital obstructive proximal urethral membrane may be useful for describing these lesions in the future.

scholarly journals Common Occurrence of Urethral Cysts in Older Female Ranch Mink

1981 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 599-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Hadlow ◽  
R. E. Race
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Mustela Vison ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Common Occurrence ◽  
Urine Retention ◽  
Urethral Wall ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Proximal Urethra ◽  
Ranch Mink

Cysts were found often in the proximal urethra of female sapphire and pastel mink, Mustela vison, examined at necropsy during studies on slow viral diseases. Their prevalence, the same in both color phases, was age-dependent. They occurred in less than 2% of females under 2 years old but in more than 60% of those over 7 years old. The cysts varied from ovoid vesicles 3 to 4 mm long to multilocular masses 10 to 15 mm across that greatly distended the proximal urethra and sometimes occluded it. Small cysts were not accompanied by clinical signs, but large ones often caused persistent urinary incontinence and occasionally, urine retention. The cysts contained fluid that varied from water-clear to dull yellow. They arose by expansion of small urethral glands normally present in female mink and destroyed much of the urethral wall by pressure atrophy. Although the cysts became larger and more prevalent as the mink aged, the stimulus that caused them to form was not apparent. They appear to have no counterpart in other animals.

Outcomes Following Balloon Dilation of Benign Urethral Strictures in Dogs: Eight Cases (2005–2018)

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Taylor Estes Gin ◽  
Patty Secoura ◽  
Tonya Harris ◽  
Shelly Vaden
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Balloon Dilation ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Invasive Procedure ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Urethral Strictures

ABSTRACT Balloon dilation has been described infrequently as a treatment for benign urethral strictures in dogs but is often a first-line therapeutic option for humans. Additional evidence is needed to evaluate the potential role of this procedure in veterinary medicine. The aim of the study was to describe the techniques used and evaluate the response to balloon dilation of benign urethral strictures in dogs. Medical records were reviewed from eight client-owned dogs who underwent balloon dilation of a benign urethral stricture over a 13 yr period in this retrospective case series. Clinical signs improved for five of eight dogs after a single balloon dilation during a follow-up period of 1 wk to 3 yr. After a second procedure, an additional dog demonstrated improvement for 5.5 yr. Adverse outcomes included urinary incontinence in two dogs and recurrent bacteriuria in four dogs. Findings suggest that balloon dilation is an effective, minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of benign urethral strictures in dogs. Urinary incontinence, urinary tract infection, and stricture recurrence are potential outcomes for dogs undergoing this procedure either as a result of the nature of the underlying disease or as a result of the procedure.

scholarly journals Alfa-Fetoprotein-Producing Female Primary Urethral Adenocarcinoma with Neuroendocrine Differentiation

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Takao Natsuyama ◽  
Yozo Mitsui ◽  
Masato Uetani ◽  
Shigeyuki Ohta ◽  
Masafumi Inoue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Neck ◽  
Ileal Conduit ◽  
Neuroendocrine Differentiation ◽  
Urinary Frequency ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Poorly Differentiated Adenocarcinoma ◽  
History Of ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Proximal Urethra ◽  
Enhanced Computed Tomography

We report an extremely rare case of an alpha-fetoprotein- (AFP-) producing female primary urethral adenocarcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation (NED). The patient was a 65-year-old woman with a 2-year history of urinary frequency and voiding difficulty. Enhanced computed tomography showed an approximately 3.0×5.0-cm mass around the proximal urethra and bladder neck. Of examined tumor markers, serum AFP was elevated (48.3 ng/mL), while others including carcinoembryonic antigen were within a normal range. Transurethral resection of the tumor led to a diagnosis of carcinosarcoma of the urethra, with a radical cystourethrectomy and ileal conduit formation subsequently performed. The pathological assessment was poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma in the urethra. Immunostaining showed tumor cells strongly positive for AFP. In addition, some cancer cells were positive for CD56, chromogranin A, and synaptophysin, indicating focal NED. The tumor was finally diagnosed as an AFP-producing urethral adenocarcinoma with NED. Serum AFP was immediately normalized after surgery and no sign of tumor recurrence has been noted 2 years postoperatively.

scholarly journals Management of Urinary Incontinence in Complete Bladder Duplication by Injection of Bulking Agent at Bladder Neck Level into the Proximal Urethra

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Khorramirouz ◽  
Seyedeh Sanam Ladi Seyedian ◽  
Sorena Keihani ◽  
Abdol-Mohammad Kajbafzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Bladder Neck ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Bladder Exstrophy ◽  
Bulking Agent ◽  
Rare Entity ◽  
Bladder Duplication ◽  
Wide Variability ◽  
Pubic Diastasis ◽  
Proximal Urethra

Bladder duplication is a rare entity in children. The term encompasses a wide spectrum of anomalies from isolated bladder duplication in coronal or sagittal planes to duplicated bladder exstrophy and associated musculoskeletal and visceral anomalies. Given this wide variability, the treatment of these patients is not standardized. We hereby present a female patient with chief complaint of long-standing urinary incontinence who had complete bladder and urethral duplication and pubic diastasis. The patient was treated with bulking agent injection at the incompetent bladder neck and proximal urethra with resolution of incontinence, obviating the need for extensive surgeries.

scholarly journals Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Associated with Neurological Manifestations in a Border Collie Bitch

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Rodrigues Rosado ◽  
Julia Perinotto Picelli ◽  
Juliana Gonzaga da Silva ◽  
Marina Cazarini Madeira ◽  
Taís Teixeira Zambarda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Cutaneous Lesions ◽  
Cutaneous Manifestations ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
History Of

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an immune-mediated and multisystemic disorder which etiology is believed to be multifactorial. Its clinical signs vary accordingly to affected organs, cutaneous lesions being the most frequently observed. There are few reports of SLE in dogs with neurological manifestations. Therefore, the aim of this report is to describe a case of SLE in a dog with indicative signs of nervous system involvement.Case: A 6-year-old Border Collie bitch was referred to the Veterinary Hospital (HVU) of the University of Uberaba (UNIUBE) with a history of  with cluster seizures, inappetence and urinary incontinence. Erythema and flaking of nasal plan were noted on physical examination, and splenomegaly on abdominal palpation. Thrombocytopenia and slightly increased ALT were found on blood tests. Ehrlichiosis was suspected and doxycycline was prescribed together with phenobarbital for the control of seizures. In the follow-up visit, the dog was still presenting urinary incontinence, thrombocytopenia and splenomegaly. Also, an ulcer on the nasal mucocutaneous junction was observed. The patient went through a neurological examination which indicated thalamocortical lesion. Cerebrospinal fluid samples were obtained for cytology, culture and canine distemper test, and serology tests for leishmaniasis, toxoplasmosis and neosporosis were done. No alterations were found in these exams. The histopathology of the nasal lesion was proceeded and showed results consistent with lupus erythematosus. It was prescribed a 15-day course of prednisolone at immunosuppressive dose. The patient showed clinical improvement with this treatment. Azathioprine was started along with gradual removal of prednisolone. After twenty days of discontinuation of this drug, the dog presented epileptic seizures, urinary incontinence, thrombocytopenia, increased ALT and worsened nasal lesion. Prednisolone at immunosuppressive dose was reintroduced and the dose of azathioprine, increased. One week past this, the patient showed inappetence and an extensive hematoma in the thoracic region. Lab exams confirmed drug-induced acute pancreatitis. All medications were interrupted, the patient was hospitalized, and treatment for pancreatitis was initiated, but the dog passed away.Discussion: For involving multiple body systems and for presenting varied clinical signs, diagnosing SLE can be challenging in clinical routine. The dog from this report was a Border Collie; this breed is considered to be predisposed to this disease. The animal had a history of being exposed to solar radiation for a large part of the day, had dyspigmentation of nasal plan and had no application of sunscreen, predisposing the occurrence of SLE. Neurological signs are uncommon in SLE, but the seizures and the urinary incontinence were the main reasons for the dog’s guardian to look for medical assistance. The suspicion for SLE was raised due to cutaneous manifestations and persistent thrombocytopenia along with splenomegaly. Histopathological findings are essential for diagnosing SLE, as well as antinuclear antibody tests. Nonetheless, due to financial limitations, this last test was not performed. Azathioprine is an immunomodulating drug largely used along with glucocorticoids when treating SLE; however, this medication is prone to induce side effects as the ones presented by the dog from this report. Therefore, it is concluded that SLE should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients showing cutaneous, hematological, systemic and neurological manifestations, considering the variety of signs caused by this disorder.Keywords: seizures, dog, immune-mediated encephalopathy. Lúpus eritematoso sistêmico associado a manifestações neurológicas em cadela da raça Border CollieDescritores: crises epilépticas, cão, encefalopatia imunomediada.

scholarly journals Female Epispadias Presenting as Urinary Incontinence

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Asmir Jonuzi ◽  
Nusret Popović ◽  
Zlatan Zvizdić ◽  
Emir Milišić ◽  
Kenan Karavdić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Anomaly ◽  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Bladder Neck ◽  
Bladder Exstrophy ◽  
Voiding Cystourethrogram ◽  
Rare Congenital Anomaly ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Labia Minora ◽  
One Stage Reconstruction ◽  
Proximal Urethra

Isolated female epispadias without bladder exstrophy is a rare congenital anomaly affecting 1 in 484,000 females. The presenting features of female epispadias are urinary incontinence and abnormal anatomical features. A 6-year-old girl presented with primary urinary incontinence who on physical examination had a bifid clitoris and labia minora. The vagina and hymen were normal. Voiding cystourethrogram showed no reflux and a funnel shaped proximal urethra. With the diagnosis of isolated female epispadias, one-stage reconstruction of the urethra, bladder neck, labia minora and clitoris was performed.

scholarly journals Novel presentation of eosinophilic granuloma complex in a cat

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 205511691989154
Author(s):  
Kaitlin P Hopke ◽  
Sandra J Sargent
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Eosinophilic Granuloma ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Full Thickness ◽  
Diet Change ◽  
Case Summary ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right

Case summary A 9-year-old neutered male domestic shorthair cat was presented for multiple deep lesions on all four limbs and a nodule on the right pinna. The limb lesions ranged from nodules with necrotic surfaces to full-thickness ulcerations with exposure of muscles and tendons. The cat lived indoors only in a single-pet household and had no prior history of trauma. The owner reported that the lesions appeared abruptly and that the cat was not apparently painful or pruritic. Histopathology of the limb lesions and pinnal nodule confirmed severe lesions of the eosinophilic granuloma complex. Resolution of lesions was achieved with a combination of antibiotics, prednisolone, topical therapies, diet change and ciclosporin. Relevance and novel information This case report demonstrates a severe, aggressive presentation of eosinophilic granuloma complex. It will expose practitioners to atypical clinical signs of this commonly diagnosed disease.

scholarly journals Caval foramen hernia in a cat

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 205511692096402
Author(s):  
Jia Wen Siow ◽  
QiCai Jason Hoon ◽  
Elizabeth Jenkins ◽  
Nikola Heblinski ◽  
Mariano Makara
Keyword(s):  
Diaphragmatic Hernia ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Diagnostic Investigation ◽  
Radiographic Findings ◽  
Case Summary ◽  
Septum Transversum ◽  
Liver Herniation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right

Case summary A 3-year-old neutered female domestic shorthair cat presented for a 2-week history of hyporexia, lethargy and weight loss. Aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and cholesterol were mildly elevated. Thoracic radiographs identified a lobulated soft tissue opacity in the caudal thorax to the right of midline, with the border effacing the caudal vena cava and broad-based towards the diaphragm. The broad base was suggestive of diaphragmatic hernia, with the other radiographic features and location suggestive of caval foramen hernia. Ultrasound confirmed diaphragmatic hernia with liver herniation. CT showed the herniation of multiple liver lobes and the gallbladder through a defect at the caval foramen. Herniorrhaphy was performed via ventral midline coeliotomy. Following this procedure, the cat’s clinical signs resolved and its weight has been regained. Relevance and novel information To our knowledge, this is the first report of successful caval foramen herniorrhaphy in a cat. Caval foramen hernia is a type of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. The authors suggest that its embryopathology involves defective septum transversum development. The case was detected during the standard diagnostic investigation of non-specific clinical signs. Its radiographic findings may easily be mistaken for a pulmonary mass. Although not seen in our case, caval foramen hernia is commonly associated with caudal vena cava obstruction, which can potentially result in Budd–Chiari-like syndrome.

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