Emotional Reactions to Music in Dementia Patients and Healthy Controls: Differential Responding Depends on the Mechanism

Music is frequently regarded as a unique way to connect with dementia patients. Yet little is known about how persons with dementia respond emotionally to music. Are their responses different from those of healthy listeners? If so, why? The present study makes a first attempt to tackle these issues in a Portuguese context, with a focus on psychological mechanisms. In Experiment 1, featuring 20 young and healthy adults, we found that musical excerpts which have previously been shown to activate specific emotion induction mechanisms (brain stem reflex, contagion, episodic memory, musical expectancy) in Sweden were valid and yielded predicted emotions also in Portugal, as indexed by self-reported feelings, psychophysiology, and post hoc mechanism indices. In Experiment 2, we used the same stimuli to compare the responses of 20 elderly listeners diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) with those of 20 healthy listeners. We controlled for cognitive functioning (Mini-Mental State Examination) and depression (Geriatric Depression Scale). Our predictions about how mechanisms would be differentially affected by decline in brain regions associated with AD received support in that AD patients reported significantly lower levels of (a) sadness in the contagion condition, (b) happiness and nostalgia in the episodic memory condition, and (c) anxiety in the musical expectancy condition. By contrast, no significant difference in reported surprise was found in the brain stem reflex condition. Implications for musical interventions aimed at dementia are discussed, highlighting the key role that basic research may play in developing applications.

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Association between depressive symptoms and dental care-seeking behavior among elderly Brazilian people

Revista de Odontologia da UNESP ◽

10.1590/1807-2577.22215 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 132-138 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gabriela Ádima de Camargo ÁVILA ◽

Aline Blaya MARTINS ◽

Otávio Pereira D'AVILA ◽

Matheus NEVES ◽

Juliana Balbinot HILGERT ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Elderly People ◽

Dental Care ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

The Elderly ◽

Care Seeking ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Care Seeking Behavior ◽

Seeking Behavior

Abstract Background Depressive symptoms are highly prevalent among the elderly population (10%). These symptoms frequently appear when there is a loss of quality of life associated with social exclusion and the appearance of severe diseases. Feelings of sadness, discouragement, despondency and deception, and events such as the loss of close friends and family can also be related to these symptoms. The consequences of depressive symptoms include negative oral health outcomes, such as a decrease in the frequency of toothbrushing, greater prevalence of caries and higher probability of the appearance of periodontitis. Aim This study aimed to evaluate the association between the presence of depressive symptoms and problem-oriented oral healthcare behavior, as well as the absence of healthcare-seeking behavior. Material and method 872 elderly people living in two health districts in Porto Alegre were evaluated. They provided information on socioeconomic variables at an interview, and responded to the Geriatric Depression Scale-15 and to a questionnaire assessing dental care-seeking behavior. In addition, an oral examination was performed. When analyzed using Poisson regression with robust variance, the variables of male sex, less schooling, lower income, reduced number of teeth, presence of root remnants and presence of depressive symptoms were found to be independently associated with the outcome. Result There was a significant difference regarding dental care-seeking behavior in relation to elderly people presenting depressive symptoms and those in low socioeconomic strata having poor oral status. Conclusion It was concluded that these factors need to be taken into consideration when evaluating dental care-seeking behavior.

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Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of The Geriatric Depression Scale Into Igbo Language: A Validation Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1137510/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ukamaka Gloria Mgbeojedo ◽

Christopher Olusanjo Akosile ◽

Juliet Chidera Ezugwu ◽

Emmanuel Chiebuka Okoye ◽

Nene Jeneviv John ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Assessment Tools ◽

Geriatric Depression ◽

English Version ◽

Middle Income ◽

Medical Disorders ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Panel Review

Abstract Background: Late-life experiences such as protracted and indisposing medical disorders can negatively impact older adults’ psychological and mental health, making them vulnerable to depression. Majority of the assessment tools for depression were developed for use in western countries. There is therefore need for availability of culture- and environment- specific tools for assessment of depression in low and middle income countries. This study was designed to cross-culturally adapt and validate the Geriatric Depression Scale-15 (GDS-15) into Igbo Language and culture. Methods: The English version of the GDS-15 was translated into Igbo language; synthesized, back-translated, and underwent expert panel review, pretesting and cognitive debriefing interview, according to Beaton’s guideline. The Igbo version of the GDS-15 was tested for concurrent and structural validities and internal consistency among consecutively recruited 140 consenting older adults (62.9% females) in Enugu North Senatorial District, at 0.05 level of significance.Results: The English version of the GDS-15 was successfully cross-culturally adapted to Igbo with all the 15 items still retained on the Igbo version of the GDS-15. The Igbo version of the GDS-15 exhibited the same structure as the English version. The Igbo version of the GDS-15 has Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.53. The correlation between the participants’ total scores on the Igbo and the English versions of the GDS-15 (rho = 0.86) was excellent. There was no significant difference between corresponding scores in the English and Igbo versions of the GDS-15 (p = 0.89).Conclusions: The Igbo version of the GDS-15 is a valid and culturally specific instrument, and can be used for assessing depression among Igbo older adults in Nigeria.

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Associations between Depressive Symptoms and Satisfaction with Meaningful Activities in Community-Dwelling Japanese Older Adults

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9030795 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 795

Author(s):

Michio Maruta ◽

Hyuma Makizako ◽

Yuriko Ikeda ◽

Hironori Miyata ◽

Atsushi Nakamura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Japanese Older Adults ◽

And Performance

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate relationships between individuals’ ratings of satisfaction and performance of activities that they found meaningful and depressive symptoms. Data was obtained from 806 older adults (mean age 74.9 ± 6.3 years, women = 63.0%) who participated in a community-based health check survey (Tarumizu Study 2018). Participants selected meaningful activities from 95 activities using the Aid for Decision-Making in Occupation Choice and evaluated their satisfaction and performance. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) and defined by a GDS-15 score of ≥5. Non-linear logistic regression analyses were used separately by gender to examine the association between satisfaction and performance of meaningful activities and depressive symptoms. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 15.8%. We found no significant difference between meaningful activity choice between older adults with depressive symptoms and those without, in both men and women. After adjusting for potential covariates, satisfaction was associated with depressive symptoms in both men (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.35–0.77) and women (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.49–0.91), but performance was limited in women (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.77–0.99). Our findings suggest that depressive symptoms are associated with satisfaction in meaningful activities regardless of activity categories.

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Depression is more strongly associated with cognition in elderly women than men with type 2 diabetes

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s104161021800114x ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 31 (04) ◽

pp. 591-595

Author(s):

Laili Soleimani ◽

Ramit Ravona-Springer ◽

Anthony Heymann ◽

Elizabeth Guerrero-Berroa ◽

James Schmeidler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Episodic Memory ◽

Elderly Women ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Neuropsychological Battery ◽

Semantic Categorization

ABSTRACTDepression and cognitive impairment are highly prevalent in type 2 diabetes (T2D), yet little is known about how their relationship varies by sex. We examined this question in a large T2D sample (N = 897) of non-demented elderly (≥ 65) participating in the Israel Diabetes and Cognitive Decline (IDCD) Study. Cognition was evaluated by a comprehensive neuropsychological battery and depressive symptoms were assessed by the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). The results showed that in all but the executive function domain, the association of depressive symptoms with poorer cognitive function was stronger in women than men, with a significant interaction for language/semantic categorization and missed significance for episodic memory. When defining clinical depression as GDS of ≥6, women with depression had significantly poorer language/semantic categorization, episodic memory, and overall cognitive function. Inclusion of antidepressants in the model did not alter substantively the associations. Our results suggest that depressed T2D women may have poorer cognitive performance, highlighting the significance of sex-specific personalized management of depression in elderly diabetics.

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Teeth and Covariates: Association with Risk of Falls

International Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1155/2018/7127209 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Shivani Kohli ◽

Aaron Lam Wui Vun ◽

Christopher Daryl Philip ◽

Cassamally Muhammad Aadil ◽

Mahenthiran Ramalingam

Keyword(s):

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

The Elderly ◽

Short Version ◽

Risk Of Falling ◽

Oral Rehabilitation ◽

Geriatric Population ◽

Number Of Teeth ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Risk Of Falls

Purpose. Falls occur commonly in geriatric populations and undesirably influence their life, morbidity, and mortality. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between the number of teeth present among the elderly population and covariates in relation to the risk of falls. Materials and Methods. This study was conducted at various old age homes in the Klang Valley region of Malaysia involving the geriatric population aged 60 years and above. A detailed questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic data including sex, age, household income, and dental variables such as the number of teeth and chewing difficulty was obtained. The Tinetti test (TT) was used to evaluate the patients’ ability to walk, to maintain postural balance, and to determine their risk of falling. The short version of the Geriatric Depression Scale was used to assess depression among the participants, and the Barthel Scale was used to analyze the subject’s ability to perform the activities of daily living (ADL). Results. Statistically significant association was observed in relation to the number of teeth present and risk of falls (p<0.05). Subjects who had 19 teeth or less in total had moderate to highest risk of falls (p=0.001) in comparison with subjects who had 20 teeth or more. Those aged 70 years and above showed the highest risk of falls (p=0.001) in comparison with the subjects aged between 60 and 69 years. Subjects with depression (p=0.03) and presence of illness related to fall showed statistically significant difference (p=0.001) in comparison with those who did not suffer from the same. Compromised ADL (p=0.001) (which included ability to perform several tasks like indoor mobility, climbing stairs, toilet use, and feeding) and low monthly income (p=0.03) was also observed among subjects who had higher risk of falls. Conclusion. According to the results achieved, there was a high statistically significant association observed between the number of teeth present, age, depression, ADL, and presence of illness in relation to the risk of falling among the geriatric population. Henceforth, oral rehabilitation of elderly patients with less number of teeth may reduce their risk of falls.

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Emotional reactions to music in depressed individuals

Psychology of Music ◽

10.1177/0305735617730425 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 46 (6) ◽

pp. 862-880 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Laura S. Sakka ◽

Patrik N. Juslin

Keyword(s):

Brain Stem ◽

Cognitive Processes ◽

Cognitive Bias ◽

Emotional Reactions ◽

Memory Condition ◽

Memory And Attention ◽

Psychological Mechanisms ◽

Specific Induction ◽

The Brain ◽

Brain Stem Reflex

Music is often used to alleviate depression, an affective disorder. Yet, little is known about how listeners suffering from depression respond emotionally to music. The goal of this study was to investigate whether listeners show different patterns of emotional reactions to music depending on level of depression. In previous research, depression has been linked with negative biases in cognitive processes such as memory and attention. Here we indirectly investigated whether such biases may also influence psychological mechanisms involved in the arousal of emotions during musical experiences. Seventy-seven listeners (19–65 years old) took part in an experiment which compared depressed individuals with non-depressed controls. The participants listened to music stimuli designed to target specific induction mechanisms (brain stem reflex, contagion, episodic memory), and were asked to rate felt emotions. Based on previous studies on cognitive bias, we made predictions about how depression would affect reactions to each stimulus. The predictions received partial support: depressed listeners reported significantly lower levels of happiness in the memory condition and non-significantly higher levels of anxiety in the brain stem condition, than did controls. Conversely, no difference in reported sadness was found in the contagion condition. Observed differences were mainly attributable to the severely depressed listeners.

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Women Exhibit Lower Global Left Frontal Cortex Connectivity Among Cognitively Unimpaired Elderly Individuals: A Pilot Study from SILCODE

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease ◽

10.3233/jad-210376 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Wenying Du ◽

Changchang Ding ◽

Jiehui Jiang ◽

Ying Han

Keyword(s):

Sex Differences ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Amyloid Β ◽

Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽

Intracranial Volume ◽

Elderly Individuals ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Scale Scores

Background: Mounting evidence suggests that sex differences exist in cognitive reserve (CR) for cognitively unimpaired (CU) elderly individuals. Global left frontal connectivity (gLFC connectivity) is a reliable neural substrate of CR. Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore sex differences in gLFC connectivity among CU elderly individuals. Methods: One hundred thirteen normal controls (NCs) (women = 66) and 132 individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) (women = 92) were recruited from the Sino Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Decline (SILCODE) (data 1). Among them, 88 subjects underwent amyloid-β (Aβ) imaging, including 32 Aβ+ and 56 Aβ–subjects. Forty-six subjects underwent another rs-fMRI examination (data 2) to validate the repeatability of the calculation of gLFC connectivity, which was determined through seed-based functional connectivity between the LFC and voxels throughout the whole brain. Independent-sample t-tests were used to evaluate the sex differences in gLFC connectivity across different subgroups (NC versus SCD, Aβ+ versus Aβ–). Partial correlation analysis was used to calculate the correlations between gLFC connectivity and cognitive assessments. Results: Women exhibited lower gLFC connectivity in both the NC (p = 0.001) and SCD (p = 0.020) subgroups than men. Women also exhibited lower gLFC connectivity in both the Aβ–(p = 0.006) and Aβ+ (p = 0.025) groups. However, the significant difference disappeared in the Aβ+ group when considering the covariates of age, education, total intracranial volume, and APOE4-carrying status. In addition, gLFC connectivity values were negatively correlated with Geriatric Depression Scale scores in the SCD group (r = –0.176, p = 0.047). Conclusion: Women showed lower gLFC connectivity among CU elderly individuals.

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Depressive symptoms may be associated with semantic memory decline in elderly adults

Dementia & Neuropsychologia ◽

10.1590/1980-57642021dn15-030006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 350-356

Author(s):

Mariana Faoro ◽

Amer Cavalheiro Hamdan

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Semantic Memory ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Elderly Adults ◽

Cognitive Screening ◽

General Evaluation ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Relationship

ABSTRACT Depressive symptoms are associated with a decline of episodic memory, but the relationship with semantic memory remains unclear. Objective: The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship of depressive symptoms with the semantic memory in a community-based sample of elderly adults. The sample comprised two groups, namely, clinical (with depressive symptoms) and control. Methods: The following instruments were used General Evaluation Questionnaire, Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic, Wechsler Abbreviate Scale of Intelligence, Geriatric Depression Scale-30 (GDS-30), Beck Depression Inventory-II, Boston Nomination Test (BNT), vocabulary, verbal fluency test (fruits and animals), and Brief Cognitive Screening Battery. Results: The results showed a significant difference between groups only in BNT. A significant correlation was observed between the BNT and GDS-30. Participants with symptoms of severe depression performed poorly on BNT when compared with individuals with mild symptoms. Conclusion: These results support the hypothesis that depressive symptoms in elderly adults can affect semantic memory and may worsen with the severity of symptoms.

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PERBEDAAN TINGKAT DEPRESI ANTARA LANSIA DI PEDESAAN DAN PERKOTAAN

KOSALA : Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan ◽

10.37831/jik.v4i2.96 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Tunjung Sri Yulianti ◽

Anggit Ike Prascika

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

The Elderly ◽

Economic Changes ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Urban And Rural Areas ◽

The Village

AbstractElderly will fail maintaining a balance of physiological conditions, thereby increasingvulnerability to depression. Factors that influence is the socio-economic changes, socialvalues, awareness among individuals and others. More urban environment isindividualistic and socioeconomic pressures are higher, while rural areas have theeducational background lower. The results showed not a few elderly people who returnedto the village because they felt pressured by the situation in the city, the elderly should bealone in the house and no neighbors who could be invited to communicate, so it isdifficult to be happy. But there are also elderly who live in the village reveal feelingdepressed and showed signs of depression. Purpose of the study to determine the levelof depression in the elderly in urban, rural and differences in the level of depressionamong the elderly who live in rural and urban areas.Subjects were elderly who live in the village of Palur Sukoharjo and Kampung SewuSurakarta. Methods of analytical study comparative research design. Measuringinstrument used is the Geriatric Depression Scale. Test data normality using theKolmogorov-Smirnov Test. Statistical test with independent t test.The results of the study obtained significancy value of t-test (two-tailed) 0.001.Conclusion of research is significant difference in rates of depression among the elderlyin urban and rural areas, the elderly in urban areas have higher levels of depression thanelderly people in rural areasKeywords: Elderly Depression Level, Rural, Urban

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Development and evaluation of a short version of the quality of life questionnaire for dementia

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610214001811 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 103-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Seishi Terada ◽

Etsuko Oshima ◽

Chikako Ikeda ◽

Satoshi Hayashi ◽

Osamu Yokota ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Objective Measure ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Short Version ◽

Life Questionnaire ◽

Negative Dimension ◽

Dementia Patients

ABSTRACTBackground:There are many quality of life (QOL) instruments for evaluating dementia patients. The QOL questionnaire for Dementia (QOL-D) is one of such instruments and a validated objective measure of QOL for patients with dementia. It comprises 31 items encompassing six domains. However, with 31 items, its length is a disadvantage. The purpose of this study was to develop a short version of QOL-D (short QOL-D).Methods:We used data from two studies. The participants were 264 inpatients with dementia in the first sample and 395 outpatients at a memory clinic in the second sample. We used maximum likelihood factor analysis with promax rotation to reduce the number of items.Results:We produced a nine-item version of QOL-D (short QOL-D) with positive (six items) and negative (three items) dimensions. The correlation coefficients of short and total versions of QOL-D were 0.892–0.918 for total scores, 0.903–0.936 for positive dimension scores, and 0.788–0.837 for negative dimension scores. Total short QOL-D scores showed a significant correlation to the Geriatric Depression Scale score and the apathy score of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory.Conclusions:The short QOL-D produced results comparable with that of the full version. Reducing the number of items may make administration of the instrument easier.

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