Can Cognitive Bias Modification of Interpretations Training Alter Mood States in Children and Adolescents? A Reanalysis of Data From Six Studies

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Y. F. Lau ◽  
Victoria Pile
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Cognitive Bias Modification ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Development Of Anxiety ◽  
Bias Modification ◽  
And Training

Anxiety disorders are common and impairing in childhood and adolescence. Cognitive bias modification of interpretations (CBM-I) training aims to alter information biases associated with anxiety disorders by training the person to endorse benign, rather than negative, interpretations of ambiguous situations. With an expanding evidence base, CBM-I training in childhood and adolescence may provide a key opportunity to prevent the development of anxiety disorders, particularly by capitalizing on the inherent flexibility of the adolescent brain to make durable changes. This article augments existing data with a reanalysis of a large sample of data ( N = 387). The reanalysis highlights that CBM-I is (a) effective in altering interpretation styles; (b) that changes in mood state, although weak, are evident; and (c) tentatively, that effectiveness may vary across age in males and females. We conclude by offering further suggestions on which factors associated with protocol (e.g., multiple sessions) and training package (e.g., use of imagery) may maximize training effectiveness.

scholarly journals The Time-Course of Induced Interpretive Biases in Healthy Individuals Varying in Depressive Symptoms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Frances Marie Bryson
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Ambiguous Word ◽  
Cognitive Bias Modification ◽  
Statistical Techniques ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Ambiguous Information ◽  
Negative Context ◽  
Bias Modification

<p>Cognitive theories of depression posit that after a negative event or mood state, those vulnerable to the disorder automatically impose negative interpretations on ambiguous information. However, empirical research on depression-linked interpretive biases has yielded mixed results, likely due to flawed experimental paradigms and statistical techniques that do not adequately control for anxiety. Cognitive Bias Modification for Interpretation (CBM-I) is an innovative research paradigm that involves inducing interpretive biases in an experimentally controlled manner. The current study is the first to assess whether cognitive bias modification influences interpretation differently according to vulnerability to depression. Individuals scoring lower and higher on a depression inventory judged the relatedness of either neutrally valenced (e.g. book-read) or negatively valenced (e.g. sick-vomit) word-pairs. They then made judgements about homophone word-pairs, in which the first word could be interpreted as either neutral in meaning (e.g. dye-ink) or negative in meaning (e.g. die-death). At the later stages of processing all individuals, regardless of depression scores, resolved ambiguous word-pairs in a training-congruent manner, consistent with previous CBM-I studies. However, in the early stages of processing, those scoring higher, but not lower in the depression inventory, were uniquely receptive to negative context training, such that they were more likely to interpret ambiguous word-pairs in a negative as opposed to neutral manner. This finding is crucially important, as it helps to clarify theoretical debate in the literature.</p>

Current and Experimental Treatments for Anxiety Disorders

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam J. Guastella ◽  
Alice Norton ◽  
Gail A. Alvares ◽  
Yun Ju Christine Song
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Bias Modification ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Chronic Anxiety ◽  
Bias Modification ◽  
Serotonin Selective Reuptake Inhibitor ◽  
Acute Anxiety

There are currently a range of treatments available for anxiety disorders, including pharmacological and behavior-based therapies. The most widely used medications, for which there is considerable evidence of efficacy across a range of anxiety disorders, are the serotonin-selective reuptake inhibitor antidepressants. Benzodiazepines are also widely prescribed and show efficacy for acute anxiety, but their use in the treatment of chronic anxiety syndromes is more problematic. Many patients are not adequately covered by the available range of medications, which is driving interest in potentially new pharmacological approaches. The best established non-pharmacological treatment of anxiety is cognitive behavioral therapy and several related behavioral approaches, which have been shown to be efficacious in a range of anxiety disorders. One of these related approaches is called cognitive bias modification, which aims to alter an individual’s responses to anxiety-provoking stimuli.

Development of a cognitive bias modification intervention for anxiety disorders in primary care

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Risa B. Weisberg ◽  
Meghan A. Gonsalves ◽  
Ramya Ramadurai ◽  
Howard Braham ◽  
Cara Fuchs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Cognitive Bias Modification ◽  
Bias Modification ◽  
Modification Intervention

scholarly journals The Time-Course of Induced Interpretive Biases in Healthy Individuals Varying in Depressive Symptoms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Frances Marie Bryson
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Ambiguous Word ◽  
Cognitive Bias Modification ◽  
Statistical Techniques ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Ambiguous Information ◽  
Negative Context ◽  
Bias Modification

<p>Cognitive theories of depression posit that after a negative event or mood state, those vulnerable to the disorder automatically impose negative interpretations on ambiguous information. However, empirical research on depression-linked interpretive biases has yielded mixed results, likely due to flawed experimental paradigms and statistical techniques that do not adequately control for anxiety. Cognitive Bias Modification for Interpretation (CBM-I) is an innovative research paradigm that involves inducing interpretive biases in an experimentally controlled manner. The current study is the first to assess whether cognitive bias modification influences interpretation differently according to vulnerability to depression. Individuals scoring lower and higher on a depression inventory judged the relatedness of either neutrally valenced (e.g. book-read) or negatively valenced (e.g. sick-vomit) word-pairs. They then made judgements about homophone word-pairs, in which the first word could be interpreted as either neutral in meaning (e.g. dye-ink) or negative in meaning (e.g. die-death). At the later stages of processing all individuals, regardless of depression scores, resolved ambiguous word-pairs in a training-congruent manner, consistent with previous CBM-I studies. However, in the early stages of processing, those scoring higher, but not lower in the depression inventory, were uniquely receptive to negative context training, such that they were more likely to interpret ambiguous word-pairs in a negative as opposed to neutral manner. This finding is crucially important, as it helps to clarify theoretical debate in the literature.</p>

Novel Treatment Approaches for Anxiety Disorders

2013 ◽  
pp. 621-635
Author(s):  
Anita Van Zwieten ◽  
Gail A. Alvares ◽  
Adam J. Guastella
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Cognitive Bias Modification ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Treatment Approaches ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Anxiety Treatment ◽  
Behavioral Mechanisms ◽  
Bias Modification

This chapter discusses novel pharmacological and cognitive approaches in the treatment of anxiety disorders. In particular, evidence is reviewed for glucocorticoids, yohimbine chloride, and D-cycloserine (DCS) as pharmacological adjuncts that augment fear extinction processes in psychotherapy, as well as cognitive bias modification (CBM) programs designed to remediate biased cognitive processes. These treatment approaches aim to capitalize on the cognitive, neurobiological, and behavioral mechanisms that underlie anxiety disorders. Novel technological approaches that aim to enhance access to anxiety treatment are also reviewed, specifically in reference to internet- and computer-based psychotherapy (ICT). Along with their proposed mechanisms of action, empirical evidence for their efficacy, acceptability, and cost-effectiveness are explored, as well as directions for future research.

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