Clay minerals, δ13C values, pollen and non-pollen palynomorphs as palaeoenviromental and palaeoclimatic indicators in Pliocene sediments of central Anatolia, Turkey

Clay Minerals ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-363
Author(s):  
Ş. Ali Sayin ◽  
Nurdan Yavuz ◽  
Serap Içöz
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Mixed Layer ◽  
Climatic Condition ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Central Anatolia ◽  
C3 Plants ◽  
Palynological Analysis ◽  
Alkaline Environment ◽  
Warm Temperate ◽  
Humid Climatic Condition

AbstractThe Çankırı Basin is one of the largest Cenozoic basins in Central Anatolia, Turkey and contains possible economic hydrocarbon and evaporite reserves. Gypsum is the dominant mineral in the evaporite-bearing Pliocene deposits of the Çankırı Basin. In claystones, the abundance of smectite, dolomite, illite/mica and chlorite in association with minor amounts of mixed-layer chlorite-smectite, mica-vermiculite, amphibole, serpentine, quartz and feldspar together indicate an alkaline environment. Minor kaolinite is also present in some clay samples. Smectite is both detrital and authigenic. Palynological analysis revealed the existence of a mixed forest (Pinus, Cathaya, Tsuga, Cedrus, Abies, Quercus, Ulmus, Juglans, Pterocarya, Acer, Carya, Carpinus, Fagus) dominated by Pinus with a widespread herbaceous understory (Poaceae) interspersed sparsely with open areas occupied by Asteraceae. This flora reflects warm-temperate and humid climatic condition. δ13C analyses have shown that the vegetation was dominated by C3 plants.

Biometric and eddy-covariance-based estimates of carbon balance for a warm-temperate mixed forest in Japan

2008 ◽  
Vol 148 (5) ◽  
pp. 723-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Kominami ◽  
Mayuko Jomura ◽  
Masako Dannoura ◽  
Yoshiaki Goto ◽  
Koji Tamai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eddy Covariance ◽  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Temperate Mixed Forest ◽  
Warm Temperate

Palaeoclimatic significance of non - striate disaccate pollen in Yellandu coalfield of Godavari graben, Telangana State

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
D.S. Seetharam ◽  
H. Ramakrishna
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Climatic Condition ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Early Permian ◽  
Present Communication ◽  
Barakar Formation ◽  
Coal Block ◽  
Telangana State ◽  
Humid Climatic Condition

The present palaeopalynological study deals with the significance of non - striate disaccate pollen from bore hole Q - 563 of Yellandu coalfield (Jawahar Khani - 5 coal block), Kothagudem sub-basin and to determine the age and palaeoclimatic interpretations of the study area based on the pollen morphological characters. For the palynological investigation, sixty samples were thoroughly analyzed in which fairly diversified palynofloral assemblages of Gondwanic affinity were recorded. About 30 genera and 50 species of palynomorphs, belong to Glossopteridales, Coniferales, Cordaitales of gymnospermous pollen, pteridophytic spores. In the present communication, the palynoflora belongs to Glossopteridales viz. Scheuringipollentites barakarensis, S. maximus, S. tentulus, Ibisporites diplosaccus, Primuspollenites levis, P. densus and Sahnites thomasii etc. Frequency distribution pattern of the palynotaxa reveals that the assemblage is dominated by the non - striate disaccates followed by striate disaccates, monosaccates (gymnosperms) and pteridophytic spores. The diversified palynoassemblage of both non striate and striate disaccates pollen strongly signifies that the Yellandu coal belt of Godavari graben belongs to Barakar Formation of Early Permian age (Late Sakmarian – Early Artinskian). Predominance of non - striate disaccate pollen recorded from the Yellandu sediments indicates a warm and high humid climatic condition with fluvial environment of deposition.

An occurrence of polymorphic halloysite in granite saprolite of the Bayerischer Wald, Germany

Clay Minerals ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.-M. Wilke ◽  
U. Schwertmann ◽  
E. Murad
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Iron Oxides ◽  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Mixed Layer ◽  
Thin Plates ◽  
Low Crystallinity

AbstractXRD, DTA and IR patterns showed clay veins filling fissures in a granite of the Bayerischer Wald (eastern Bavaria) to consist mainly of hydrated halloysite of low crystallinity with traces of gibbsite, 2:1 (mixed layer) clay minerals and iron oxides. The halloysite forms thin plates which exhibit varying degrees and types of enrolment, resulting in platy, tubular and spheroidal crystals within the same sample. Concentrations of the trace elements Rb, Sr, Ba, Zr, Y, Ce, Pb, Zn and Cu indicate halloysite formation to have taken place via an aqueous phase under the influence of vadose waters circulating in fissures.

scholarly journals Controls on Associations of Clay Minerals in Phanerozoic Evaporite Formations: An Overview

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 974
Author(s):  
Yaroslava Yaremchuk ◽  
Sofiya Hryniv ◽  
Tadeusz Peryt ◽  
Serhiy Vovnyuk ◽  
Fanwei Meng
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Mixed Layer ◽  
Potassium Salt ◽  
Salt Precipitation ◽  
Mineral Association ◽  
Pyroclastic Material ◽  
Upper Proterozoic ◽  
Chemical Type ◽  
Cyclic Changes ◽  
Brine Concentration

Information on the associations of clay minerals in Upper Proterozoic and Phanerozoic marine evaporite formations suggests that cyclic changes in the (SO4-rich and Ca-rich) chemical type of seawater during the Phanerozoic could affect the composition of associations of authigenic clay minerals in marine evaporite deposits. The vast majority of evaporite clay minerals are authigenic. The most common are illite, chlorite, smectite and disordered mixed-layer illite-smectite and chlorite-smectite; all the clay minerals are included regardless of their quantity. Corrensite, sepiolite, palygorskite and talc are very unevenly distributed in the Phanerozoic. Other clay minerals (perhaps with the exception of kaolinite) are very rare. Evaporites precipitated during periods of SO4-rich seawater type are characterized by both a greater number and a greater variety of clay minerals—smectite and mixed-layer minerals, as well as Mg-corrensite, palygorskite, sepiolite, and talc, are more common in associations. The composition of clay mineral association in marine evaporites clearly depends on the chemical type of seawater and upon the brine concentration in the evaporite basin. Along with increasing salinity, aggradational transformations of clay minerals lead to the ordering of their structure and, ideally, to a decrease in the number of minerals. In fact, evaporite deposits of higher stages of brine concentration often still contain unstable clay minerals. This is due to the intense simultaneous volcanic activity that brought a significant amount of pyroclastic material into the evaporite basin; intermediate products of its transformation (in the form of swelling minerals) often remained in the deposits of the potassium salt precipitation stage.

scholarly journals Temporal and spatial variations in CH4 concentrations in a Japanese warm-temperate mixed forest

2010 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takafumi MIYAMA ◽  
Taro HASHIMOTO ◽  
Yuji KOMINAMI ◽  
Kenta NAKAGAWA ◽  
Motonori OKUMURA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Spatial Variations ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Variations ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Temperate Mixed Forest ◽  
Warm Temperate

Jurassic clay mineral assemblages and their post-depositional alteration: upper Great Estuarine Group, Scotland

1987 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian E. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Clay Mineral ◽  
Mixed Layer ◽  
Middle Jurassic ◽  
Water Circulation ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Geothermal Gradients ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Igneous Intrusions ◽  
Mineral Assemblages

AbstractClay minerals from Middle Jurassic lagoonal mudrocks, siltstones and silty fine-grained sandstones of the upper Great Estuarine Group (Bathonian) are divided into four assemblages. Assemblage 1, the most common assemblage, is rich in mixed-layer illite–smectite with attendant illite and kaolinite. Assemblage 2 is dominated by smectitic clay. These assemblages are indicative of primary Jurassic deposition. Illite and kaolinite were probably derived from the weathering of older rocks and soils in the basin hinterland and were deposited in the lagoons as river-borne detritus. The majority of smectite and mixed-layer illite–smectite is interpreted as the argillization product of Jurassic volcanic dust, also deposited in the lagoons by rivers. Near major Tertiary igneous intrusions these depositional clay mineral assemblages have been altered. Assemblage 3 contains smectite-poor mixed-layer illite–smectite, whilst Assemblage 4 contains no smectitic clay at all. Destruction of smectite interlayers occurred at relatively shallow burial depths (< 2500 m) due to enhanced geothermal gradients and local convective hot-water circulation cells associated with the major Tertiary igneous intrusions.

Nanomaterials From Mixed-Layer Clay Minerals: Structure, Properties, and Functional Applications

2019 ◽  
pp. 365-413
Author(s):  
Hongbing Deng ◽  
Yang Wu ◽  
Iqra Shahzadi ◽  
Rong Liu ◽  
Yang Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Mixed Layer ◽  
Functional Applications ◽  
Structure Properties

Clay Minerals Associated with the Precambrian Gowganda Formation of Ontario

Clay Minerals ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Tank ◽  
L. McNeely
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Mixed Layer ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Grade Metamorphism ◽  
Layer Material

AbstractX-ray analyses indicate that chlorite, illite and mixed-layer chloritesmectite are present in the < 2μ fraction of the Precambrian Gowganda Formation near Bruce Mines, Ontario. The mixed-layer material is restricted to the porous graywacke sandstones and is epigenetic in origin. The chlorite and illite are ubiquitous and may reflect high-grade diagenesis, low-grade metamorphism or a source rich in these minerals.

Reproductive performance of Beltsville small White and Broad Breasted Bronze Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) under hot humid climatic condition

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Anna Anandh ◽  
P. N. Richard Jagatheesan
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Climatic Condition ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Meleagris Gallopavo ◽  
Embryonic Mortality ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Egg Hatchability ◽  
Standard Management ◽  
Hot Humid Climate ◽  
Humid Climatic Condition

The study was conducted to compare the reproductive performance of Beltsville Small White and Broad Breasted Bronze turkeys (<italic>Meleagris gallopavo</italic>) under the hot humid climatic condition. Beltsville Small White and Broad Breasted Bronze turkeys were raised in an intensive production system under standard management practices. A total of 560 Beltsville Small White turkey eggs and 520 Broad Breasted Bronze turkey eggs were used for this study. Average egg weight (g), infertile eggs (%), early embryonic mortality (%), late embryonic mortality (%), dead in shell (%) and poults hatched weight (g) were significantly (P>0.01) higher in Broad Breasted Bronze turkeys as compared to Beltsville Small White turkeys. The total hatchability (%), fertile egg hatchability (%) and poults survivability (%) were (P>0.01) significantly higher in Beltsville Small White turkeys as compared to Broad Breasted Bronze turkeys. Non significantly higher fertility percentage was observed in Beltsville Small White turkeys as compared to Broad Breasted Bronze turkeys. It is concluded that Beltsville Small White turkeys are more suitable to obtain better reproductive performance under hot humid climate condition followed by Broad Breasted Bronze turkeys.

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